Kinds Of Boards Research Articles

A multi-functional front end readout electronics system for PET detector application

A compact, 96-ch, multi-functional and practical front-end readout electronics system for a SiPM based PET detector is developed. This electronics system is based on the latest Sigma Delta Modulation (SDM) circuit, which implements a charge-to-digital conversion (QDC) that keeps energy, timing information. In order to achieve a compact size, the system has a stacked structure including two kinds of boards, analog board and digital board. The analog board is responsible for charge integration of SDM while the digital board is for discharging feedback of the SDM circuit. Also, the digital board is applied for energy calculation, timing pickoff and data buffering and transferring. In comparison to the initial version of the SDM QDC, the input signal polarity on the electronics system is improved from negative only to both positive and negative polarities so that it can process both SiPM anode and cathode signals. Several SiPM based PET detectors are applied to validate the capability of dual polarity readout and multi-functionality. Overall, the prototype electronics system demonstrated its good performance for PET application.

Translating Innovation into Performance: Understanding Role of the Board

Innovation enables firms to face increasing competition in the global environment, but there is variation in innovation investments across firms due to the inherent uncertainty involved in innovative activities. The strategic role of board, therefore, becomes crucial in overseeing innovation decisions. This study, hence, examines whether the relation between R&D investment and firm’s performance would vary based on the board characteristics of the company. It empirically explores this interrelationship in publicly listed Indian companies, by assessing the moderation effect of board using fixed effect regression analysis and conditional effects on a panel data of 9,031 firm years across twelve years. Board size, board meetings, proportion of women director and board leadership are found to negatively moderate the relationship between innovation and financial performance (ROE), however none of them moderates the relation between innovation and firm value (Tobin’s Q). It signifies that though board characteristics play an important role in relationship between innovation and ROE, investors fail to recognise it. Companies should focus on creating the right kind of board, investors must appreciate board’s influence in the success of R&D investments without being driven by mere compliance. Policy makers should deliberate upon the desirability of present structure of stringent laws.

Build a board that governs

A board that grows into governance, and lets you manage the day‐to‐day affairs of the organization, is a thing of beauty. That kind of board, however, doesn't just fall off a tree.

Study on the Optimum Hot-Pressing Process and Surface Decoration of Waste Tetra Pak/Sawdust Composite Board

To improve the way of efficient recycling of waste Tetra Pak package, save wood materials and develope new packaging materials, this article studied on the optimum hot-pressing process and surface decoration of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. Using the orthogonal experimental method, we studied the effect of that four factors, such as resin content, hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time and Tetra Pak/sawdust mass ratio, on MOR, MOE, TS for 2h of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. And according to the measurement and analysis of these three test indicators of the board, we obtained the optimum hot-pressing process of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. The results showed the optimization of process parameters for the board was that: resin content for 14%, hot-pressing temperature for 150°C, hot-pressing time for 420s and Tetra Pak/sawdust mass ratio for 4:6 were suitable to product this board. At this point, the maximum MOR of the board was up to 23.1MPa, the maximum MOE of the board was up to 2917MPa, the minimum TS for 2h of the board was down to 6.1%. In the processing of PVC surface decoration, by using comparison tests, the results figured out that hot-pressing temperature for 50°C-60°C, hot-pressing time for 10s-20s, hot-pressing pressure beyond 0.02MPa were good for PVC to decorate this kind of board. The formaldehyde emission of this veneer composite board was 0.3mg/L, the surface abrasion resistance of it could reach 900r, besides, its performance of surface pollution resistance has reached the national standard.

Sound Absorption Property of Heat-Treated Wood at A Low Temperature and Vacuum Conditions

Heat treatment was performed to improve sound absorption properties for four tree species; Tulip tree, Korean Paulownia, Red pine and Costata birch, at temperature of <TEX>$175^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$200^{\circ}C$</TEX>under vacuum condition. Sound absorption properties of two kinds of boards, which were in radial and tangential sections, were measured under a frequency range of 100 to 3200 Hz by the two microphone transfer function method. It was found that sound absorption properties were increased by heat treatment and the efficiency was higher at <TEX>$200^{\circ}C$</TEX> than that at <TEX>$175^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Even Costata birch had a little effect on low temperature of <TEX>$175^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$200^{\circ}C$</TEX> heat treatment for sound absorption property, the efficiencies of sound absorption were 14, 19%, respectively. The efficiencies of sound absorption ranged 22 to 120% for heat-treated Tulip tree, Korean Paulownia.

Does an Independent Board Improve Nonprofit Corporate Governance?

A variety of forces have converged to pressure nonprofit boards to follow the lead of the for-profit sector to become independent, even while empirical evidence from the business sector suggests that board independence from management is not fulfilling expectations, and may be related to weakened firm performance. This background, and the paucity of governance studies in the nonprofit sector, suggests that nonprofits are prematurely jumping onto the independent board bandwagon. There is no convincing articulation of why nonprofit boards should be independent - what is it that independent boards are supposed to be able to uniquely accomplish, how many independent directors are required to ensure board independence, what evidence exists that independent boards are effective at achieving the articulated goals, not to mention whether such goals are quantifiable and measurable. Early results of governance reform suggest that corporate compliance supersedes preservation and pursuit of mission in many of today's nonprofit board rooms. No question exists that nonprofit directors can and do act in their self-interest, behave illegally (if often naively), or mishandle the assets entrusted to their stewardship. But a disproportionate focus on legal and financial accountability, with the attendant pressure to appoint directors qualified for performance of compliance activities, can divert attention from the more important question of what kind of board will serve as the best steward of the entity's resources as it pursues its mission and serves its constituencies. The goals of current governance reform might just as effectively be served by encouraging nonprofit boards to become more diverse in the skill sets of their directors; closing the gaps in current nonprofit statutes that permit weak governance structures; statutorily requiring financial audits by nonprofits over a certain size; recommending the presence of monitoring directors; and legally imposing an aggressively expanded conception of transparency.

The Editorial Boards of Italian Economics Journals: Women, Gender, and Social Networking

In Italy, women's advancement in economics has been curtailed by the structure of editorial boards of Italian economics journals. In this paper, we examine the presence of men and women economists on the editorial boards of thirty-six Italian economics journals published since 1970 and analyze the gender distribution across different kinds of boards, roles, and fields. Because boards are hierarchically ordered, women work mostly in the lower positions, and the increase in women's participation has led only to more "editorial secretaries." Since men and women tend to have different scientific interests and men's standards of academic value prevail, women economists cannot build publication records as strong as those of their male colleagues, which, in turn, affects women's hiring, promotion, and wages, as well as the shape of the discipline.

Policy governance and school boards? You've got to be kidding!

AbstractLinda J. Dawson is president of the Aspen Group International, Inc.; Randy Quinn is a founding partner of the Aspen Group. As former executives at the Colorado Association of School Boards, the authors tried numerous times to interest members in Policy Governance. Their story reveals that perseverance can pay off. The authors also share insights on implementing Policy Governance that will be helpful to readers on all kinds of boards. Dawson and Quinn are hosts of an upcoming conference in Hilton Head that will focus on all aspects of using Policy Governance. They can be contacted at aspengrpintl@csn.net or (303) 478‐0125.

廃プリント配線基板の衝撃粉砕と比重分離による単体分離性の評価

Liberation of printed circuit boards (PCB) components by grinding them with an impact milling is studied to recover valuable materials. Wastes of two kinds of boards were ground with a swing-hammer-type impact mill. Ground materials were separated by a heavy medium separation using tetrabromoethane. The settled fraction contained mainly copper while the floating fraction consisted mostly of epoxy resin and glass fiber. The degree of liberation is defined based on the heavy medium separation. The size of the settled product is larger than that of the floating product. In the case of boards whose surfaces were fully pasted with copper foil, the degree of copper liberation into the settled fraction was up to 95%, while the copper content in the float was less than 1%. Therefor, non-copper materials are easily liberated and highly purified from the waste of PCB.

Improvement of metrological performance for low-cost DSP-based board with analog interface circuit

The digital signal processor (DSP) industry offers today, at very low price, PC boards hosting a DSP processor for data acquisition. Most of these boards are designed for signal processing oriented to audio applications rather then for measurement purposes. In this paper, it will be shown how, adding a small amount of hardware and software, it is possible to use this kind of board for the realization of acquisition systems suitable for low cost measurement applications on host PCs.

What Kind of Board?

What Kind of Board?