Kind Of Behavior Research Articles

Understanding organizational hypocrisy in schools: the relationships between organizational legitimacy, ethical leadership, organizational hypocrisy and work-related outcomes

ABSTRACT This study sought to examine the role of organizational legitimacy and ethical leadership in organizational hypocrisy, as well as to better understand its potential consequences in the school environment. The causal relations of organizational legitimacy, ethical leadership, organizational hypocrisy, and perceived work-related outcomes (organizational commitment, job satisfaction, motivation at work and organizational citizenship behavior) among a sample of teachers were explored. This study adopted a causal research design to examine the relations. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to ess the plausibility of a conceptual model specifying hypothesized linkages. The data of this study were collected from 574 teachers working at public primary, lower secondary and upper secondary (high) schools in Eskisehir, Turkey. Study results indicated that teachers’ perceptions of organizational legitimacy and ethical leadership have significant direct and indirect effects on their perceptions of organizational hypocrisy. The results also confirmed the proposed conceptual model affirming the significant effect of organizational hypocrisy on work-related outcomes. This study was thought to contribute to the educational administration, organizational behavior and leadership literature by emphasizing which variables negatively related to organizational hypocrisy and what kind of behaviors it can engender in schools.

How Should Organizations Support Trainees in the Face of Patient Bias?

Some patients degrade, belittle, or harass clinicians and students based on their social identity characteristics, such as their race, gender, ethnicity, or religion. Some patients even refuse care. While this kind of behavior is difficult for all health care workers, it presents unique challenges for trainees. This article offers concrete protocols for supporting trainees when such patient encounters occur, including assessment, debriefing with affected staff, convening team meetings, event tracking, data collection, and initiating organizational cultural changes.

Principles of Quantum-like Evolution

We present a case study of quantum-like probabilities that are motivated by quantum cognition. We introduce quantum-like evolution that is l2 norm preserving but in which the matrix does not need to be unitary. We show how to map any 2 × 2 stochastic matrix to an l2 norm preserving balanced phase matrix that maps real vectors of length one into complex vectors of length one. Quantum-like evolution can simulate a probability distribution of open system in which the operator is not unitary but norm preserving. Such a kind of behaviour is studied in quantum cognition. By tensor product higher dimensional balanced phase matrices can be built. Quantum-like evolution can simulate either unitary open one by coding the phase of input vector into the phase of a balanced phase matrix, a Markov chain or an alternative evolution that can lead to fixed, periodic or chaotic behaviour resulting in strange oscillations.

Terrorism and Early Childhood: Our Role on the Slippery Slope of Racism

In this paper I argue that early childhood professionals have a key role in providing learning opportunities that aim to prevent children placing their feet on the beginning of the slippery slope of racism. At the bottom of this slippery slope of racism, as we have seen in recent world events, are acts of extremist terrorism. This responsibility is increasingly important given that in many countries political rhetoric is leaning further towards far right extremism accompanied by forms of nationalism where those who are different (for example Muslims and refugee groups) are being portrayed as threatening standards of living of citizens in their host countries. As professionals we have a responsibility to identify early (often, on the surface, benign) acts, reflect on the value position underpinning such acts, and provide opportunities for children to learn to value and respect the differences they see every day in the people around them. In this paper I provide suggestions as to the kinds of behaviours (and the value positions underpinning them) that we see in young children and the ways we might address these.

Rules as Basic Units of Sociocultural Selection.

In the context of applying behavior-analytic principles to the study of the evolution of human societies, we propose that rules constitute the basic units of sociocultural selection. Such thesis is based on a critical analysis of the ideas concerning sociocultural selection proposed by Skinner and Baum. Its point of departure is a new functional concept of rule uttering, defined as a special type of verbal behavioral pattern, whose probability of occurrence depends upon their probability of altering the frequency of certain kind of behavior in the repertoire of a given individual or group of individuals. These relatively lasting changes in the behavior of recipients include the uttering of rules appropriate to specific types of problem situations, which increase the likelihood of responses that solve the problems faced by the social group. According to the proposed model, rule-uttering behavioral patterns include rule application, rule transmission and rule creation, which are functionally distinguished by the social consequences they produce. Patterns of rule uttering are selected by operant mechanisms, in the sense that those that do not increase the probability of solving problems tend to stop occurring. It is proposed that the occurrence probability of generalized social reinforcers, associated to different functionally specialized social systems (e.g., money in the economy, sanctions in the legal system), constitutes the main consequence responsible for rule-uttering selection.

The Ending of Mark and the Faithfulness of God

ABSTRACT While many interpreters of Mark would agree that 16:8 is the intended end of the Gospel, there is little agreement on what that sudden stop means literarily, and theologically. The two most popular interpretations at present disagree significantly on how to evaluate the actions of the women in v. 8 (e.g., either positively or negatively), but they do agree that the end of Mark makes a point about discipleship. That is, Mark calls the reader to a certain kind of behavior, whether that be imitating the faithful women in discipleship or undoing their disobedience through obedience. While I do not wish to dispute the plausibility and theological importance of both readings, I will here argue that there is another thread in Mark 16:1–8 that meets, and extends beyond, the one about discipleship. This other thread concerns the plan and activity of the God of Israel. The ending of Mark, on this reading, presents the spectacular failure of discipleship, which forces one to place all trust in the faithfulness of God. Readers of Mark, who knew that the disciples were rehabilitated, are invited to see that the Church continued despite human failure only because of the agency and intervention of God.

Anomalous behavior of dispersion of longitudinal and transverse collective excitations in water

We have studied the dependence of the excitation frequency of water along an isochore and an isotherm crossing the region of density anomaly. We have shown that the frequency of longitudinal excitations demonstrated anomalous temperature dependence along the isochore. At the same time the dependence of both longitudinal and transverse excitation frequencies on the density along the isotherm was very modest or even negligible in a fairly wide range of densities. This kind of behavior also seems anomalous in comparison with ordinary liquids.

Combining precision and power to maximize performance: a case study of the woodpecker’s neck

The neck in birds has been characterized as a highly complex system that positions the head during all kinds of behavior (Zweers et al. 1994; Bohmer et al. 2018). This involves a variety of highly ...

The Crime of Identity Theft as an Aftermath of the Development of Modern Technologies – Legal and Criminological Aspects of the Phenomenon in Poland

AbstractThe problem of identity theft is current all over the world. Nowadays we can even observe a tendency for an increasing occurrence of this kind of behaviour. The rapid development of new communication tools and the Internet has made it easier to commit a crime of identity theft than ever before. Despite this seemingly obvious trend in the world, in Poland since 2011, when this phenomenon was criminalized, convictions for identity theft are still one of the rarest situations. Identity theft as a proportion of general identified offences in 2017, according to Police statistics, was only .30%. The paper will present selected legal aspects of identity theft from the Polish Criminal Code, as well as criminological analysis of the phenomenon in Poland. The results of research on identity theft conducted in the District Court in Białystok on court files that ended in a final court judgment covering the years 2011–2016 will also be presented. In the course of the research process, seven cases were found and examined. The analysis was enabled by using a questionnaire, which included forty-nine questions grouped into categories, i.e. characteristics of the perpetrator of the crime, characteristics of the victim, description of the committed act, as well as the course of the pre-trial and judicial proceedings. In the paper, an attempt will be made to find an answer to the question of why the dark number of identity theft crimes in Poland is still great, and this will help characterize identity theft in the area of Białystok.

Influence of an original manufacturing process on the properties and microstructure of SiC/SiC tubular composites

SiC/SiC composites reinforced with Hi-Nicalon S 3rd generation SiC fibers are promising candidates for high temperature aeronautical applications and fuel cladding in nuclear reactors. An original patented process was used to produce SiC/SiC tubular samples for dimensional and tensile mechanical characterizations. The process route is described in detail to further understanding of specific features. SiC/SiC samples show a low porosity and excellent geometrical tolerance. Highly reproducible tensile mechanical behavior is observed with good mechanical failure characteristics. Some specific features were highlighted during mechanical characterizations with loading/unloading sequences. For instance, an original mechanical behavior was observed before the onset of matrix multicracking (deviation from linearity). To our knowledge, it is the first time that this kind of behavior has been detected on SiC/SiC composites, due to the processing route leading to the microstructure of specific samples.

Cultural Isnfluence on the Personality of the Lake Vitoria Region’s Community of Kenya.

The conceptualization of culture is by no means a simple matter. One possible way to think about culture is that “culture is to society what memory is to individuals. It includes what has worked in the experience of a society, so that it is worth transmitting to future generations. A useful idea such as how to fish is adopted by more and more people to become a culture. Thre are three distinguished kinds of culture: Metaculture, Evoked culture, and Epidemiology culture. The biology that has been common to all humans as a species distinguishable from other species, results in a “metaculture” that corresponds to panhuman mental contents and organization. Biology in different ecologies results in “evoked culture” such as hot climate leads to light clothing. Which reflects the domain of specific mechanisms that are triggered by local circumstances, and leads to within-group similarities and between-groups differences. This can be described as epidemiological culture. Elements of culture are shared standard operating procedures, unstated assumptions, tools, norms, values, habits about sampling the environment, and the like. Because perception and cognition depend on the information that is sampled from the environment and are fundamental psychological processes. This culturally influenced sampling of information is of particular interest to human beings. Cultures develop conventions for sampling information and determine how much to weigh the sampled elements from the environment. For example, people in hierarchical cultures are more likely to sample clues about hierarchy than clues about aesthetics. People in individualist culture, such those of North and Western Europe and North America, sample with high probability elements of personal self e.g. I am busy, I am kind etc. People from collectivist culture such as those from Asia, Africa, and South America, tend to sample mostly elements of the self e.g. my family thinks I am too busy, my co-workers think I am kind. All these kind of behavior or trends are imposed on people b y culture which then becomes their way of life.

Behavioural variety of a node-based sensorimotor-to-motor map

The iterant deformable sensorimotor medium (IDSM) is a controller that has been used to study habits construed as self-sustaining patters of sensorimotor activity. To understand the dynamics of this controller, we investigate a heavily simplified variation of it called a node-based sensorimotor-to-motor map (NB-SMM). This deterministic, stateless, continuous-time controller coupled to a minimalistic robot and environment demonstrates six distinct categories of behaviour, including an ability to distinguish between the two sides of a symmetric stimulus, suggesting that controllers based purely on sensorimotor-state to motor mappings may be more capable than intuition first suggests. As the number of nodes increases, the potential behavioural complexity also increases. With two nodes, cycles become possible, along with systems which produce multiple behaviours depending upon initial conditions. This hints at the potential behavioural complexity of a system with many more nodes and provides insight into the kinds of behaviours that might be accomplished by IDSM-controlled robots or virtual agents.

Modelling the Drivers of Impulsive Buying Behaviour: A Case of South Africa

Abstract: Impulsive buying behavior is an emerging phenomenon in marketing literature and it affects consumers across the board. Impulsive buying is seen as the outcome of demonstrative reactions that breed the unexpected craving to purchase. Impulsive buying is becoming an important factor for retailers since they generate a lot of income through this kind of behavior. Due to the expansion of organized retail over the country, shops are trying to comprehend the buying behavior of consumers and try by all means that they trigger consumers to act in an impulsive way. Traditional buying behavior of consumers was seen as when purchasers made a list for purchasing products then depart to a particular store and purchase it. But now the whole buying behavior is changing due to the rise in the income level of consumers. This is giving the consumers more buying power, transformation in the socio-cultural environment way of life and consumption pattern. This, therefore, influences the consumer to act in an irrational manner which is known as unplanned buying without considering the potential consequences which may include non-usage of the product, negative economic consequences and feelings of regret, fury and fault. So the present study aims to analyze how uniqueness, price and past orientation influence impulse buying behavior are focusing on classical clothing brands like Nike, Adidas and Reebok. This study attempts to discern how consumer's traditional planned shopping behavior is shifting to impulse buying behavior. The study used a quantitative research method and analyzed the data by means of SMART PLS to test the relationships and the model. 350 questionnaires were used for data analysis using convenience sampling process. The outcomes of the research showed a progressive and significant association between the predictors (the need for uniqueness, price and past orientation) and the outcome variable (impulsive buying behavior).

Genesis of Alfonsas Maldonis’s Poem “Waking Up from Sleep”

Critics ranked poem “Pabudimas is miego” (Waking Up from Sleep) as one of the best Alfonsas Maldonis’s poems in his collection Rytas vakaras (Morning Evening) (1978). The first manuscript of the poem written in 1970 can be found in poet’s archive. Poem’s text and the exact date of the document indicate that the poem was inspired by the death of a famous Lithuanian linguist Jonas Kazlauskas. It is believed that the Soviet KGB which persecuted Kazlauskas is to blame for the linguist’s death. By comparing the manuscript and the printed version of the poem, we can see how the poet eliminates the details of a particular event from the text. However, the foreboding of danger and violence that is very strongly felt from the very beginning remains in the final version. The inner turmoil of the lyric subject also stays. The subject is trying but is unable to understand what kind of behavior would be suitable in that specific situation. It can be assumed that Maldonis had two goals when editing the manuscript. First, he wanted the poem to be published. The poet knew that censors would have removed the poem from the book because of the references to Kazlauskas’s death. Second, Maldonis’s aim was to write a poem which would have carried a universal meaning. From the poet’s manuscripts one can conclude that it is precisely the move from the mundanely concrete to the more general image is characteristic to the genesis of Maldonis’s poems. Keywords: Alfonsas Maldonis, archive, manuscript, versions of the poem, genesis of the poem. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.5

The Roles of Power Distance Orientation and Perceived Insider Status in the Subordinates’ Moqi with Supervisors and Sustainable Knowledge-Sharing

Although knowledge-sharing, an important facet of knowledge management, has been encouraged for the sustainable development of organizations, this kind of behavior is still not prevalent among group members. To enrich the literature and contribute to its practical usage, this research proposed a model based on the fit theory to examine the roles of perceived insider status (PIS) and power distance orientation in subordinates’ Moqi with supervisors (SMS) and knowledge-sharing. Survey data from eight firms in China contained 196 samples and was analyzed by MPLUS software to justify the hypotheses. The results showed that: first, SMS predicted knowledge-sharing and perceived insider status; second, perceived insider status positively mediated the relationship between SMS and knowledge-sharing; third, power distance orientation not only positively moderated the relationship between SMS and perceived insider status, but also positively moderated the relationship between SMS and knowledge-sharing. This study enriched the literature on the antecedents of knowledge-sharing and application of SMS. Additionally, this study proposes a few suggestions to practitioners and researchers for establishing sustainable organizations.

Coherent magnetic structures in self-organized plasmas

The concept of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) has been recently applied to complex magnetic configurations in plasmas in order to find and characterize their main structural features. LCS make it possible to separate regions inside these configurations where field lines exhibit a different kind of behavior. In the present article, first we review the main features and uses of this technique and then apply it to the study of configurations that evolve into a self-organized quasi-single helicity state referring in particular to results obtained in the reversed-field pinch experiment in Padua.

Using Morphological Data in Language Modeling for Serbian Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition.

Serbian is in a group of highly inflective and morphologically rich languages that use a lot of different word suffixes to express different grammatical, syntactic, or semantic features. This kind of behaviour usually produces a lot of recognition errors, especially in large vocabulary systems—even when, due to good acoustical matching, the correct lemma is predicted by the automatic speech recognition system, often a wrong word ending occurs, which is nevertheless counted as an error. This effect is larger for contexts not present in the language model training corpus. In this manuscript, an approach which takes into account different morphological categories of words for language modeling is examined, and the benefits in terms of word error rates and perplexities are presented. These categories include word type, word case, grammatical number, and gender, and they were all assigned to words in the system vocabulary, where applicable. These additional word features helped to produce significant improvements in relation to the baseline system, both for n-gram-based and neural network-based language models. The proposed system can help overcome a lot of tedious errors in a large vocabulary system, for example, for dictation, both for Serbian and for other languages with similar characteristics.

The Conflicting Purposes of Australian Anti-Discrimination Law

The underlying rationale for prohibiting discrimination continues to be subject to significant debate. This debate leads to a lack of clarity with respect to the kinds of harms anti-discrimination law is designed to prevent and the kinds of behaviours it is designed to capture. A frequent criticism of the Australian courts’ approach to discrimination law is that it fails to grapple with the underlying purpose of anti-discrimination law. The consequence of this failure is a jurisprudence that is underdeveloped. This paper makes a different argument. This article argues that the Australian courts can and do give a purposive interpretation to anti-discrimination law but the purpose that the courts draw on lacks an underpinning coherence or consistency. This paper will make this argument by considering three recent Australian appellate court decisions on disability discrimination to consider the different ways in which the court exhibits an understanding of the purpose of anti-discrimination law.

The Impact of Local Communities on the School Development - A Case Study Examining Expectations and Inclusion on a Systemic Level

This paper presents one specific case of our school development research project. It shed light on the issue of a local community and the structure of expectations, which may limit the school’s development and students’ development. Because this project takes place in Scandinavia one needs first to understand the schooling policy called “one school for all”, which stresses inclusion. In addition, the phenomenon Langfeldt describes as “the quality of schools is created locally” will be explained, as well as the nature of expectations. The data collected is used to show the case’s limiting behavior, the balancing expectation structure between the school and the local community. Based on the conceptual model, both the preliminary SD-models told as dynamic stories and a running SD-model representing the case reveal that kind of behavior. To show the potential for the school development we compare the survey and focus group results with those of other control schools. Analyzing all schools will presumably show different main drivers for balancing expectations. From earlier research and literature analysis we derived indicators and characteristics for inclusive schools with high shared expectations, and a collegial school culture that are prerequisites for a school to be able to develop its potential. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.2.2

A general family of multi-peakon equations and their properties

A general family of peakon equations is introduced, involving two arbitrary functions of the wave amplitude and the wave gradient. This family contains all of the known breaking wave equations, including the integrable ones: Camassa–Holm equation, Degasperis–Procesi equation, Novikov equation, and FORQ/modified Camassa–Holm equation. One main result is to show that all of the equations in the general family possess weak solutions given by multi-peakons which are a linear superposition of peakons with time-dependent amplitudes and positions. In particular, neither an integrability structure nor a Hamiltonian structure is needed to derive N-peakon weak solutions for arbitrary N > 1. As a further result, single peakon travelling-wave solutions are shown to exist under a simple condition on one of the two arbitrary functions in the general family of equations, and when this condition fails, generalized single peakon solutions that have a time-dependent amplitude and a time-dependent speed are shown to exist. An interesting generalization of the Camassa–Holm and FORQ/modified Camassa–Holm equations is obtained by deriving the most general subfamily of peakon equations that possess the Hamiltonian structure shared by the Camassa–Holm and FORQ/modified Camassa–Holm equations. Peakon travelling-wave solutions and their features, including a variational formulation (minimizer problem), are derived for these generalized equations. A final main result is that two-peakon weak solutions are investigated and shown to exhibit several novel kinds of behaviour, including the formation of a bound pair consisting of a peakon and an anti-peakon that have a maximum finite separation.