Kind Of Trojan Horse Research Articles

Gene drive that results in addiction to a temperature-sensitive version of an essential gene triggers population collapse in Drosophila

One strategy for population suppression seeks to use gene drive to spread genes that confer conditional lethality or sterility, providing a way of combining population modification with suppression. Stimuli of potential interest could be introduced by humans, such as an otherwise benign virus or chemical, or occur naturally on a seasonal basis, such as a change in temperature. Cleave and Rescue (ClvR) selfish genetic elements use Cas9 and guide RNAs (gRNAs) to disrupt endogenous versions of an essential gene while also including a Rescue version of the essential gene resistant to disruption. ClvR spreads by creating loss-of-function alleles of the essential gene that select against those lacking it, resulting in populations in which the Rescue provides the only source of essential gene function. As a consequence, if function of the Rescue, a kind of Trojan horse now omnipresent in a population, is condition dependent, so too will be the survival of that population. To test this idea, we created a ClvR in Drosophila in which Rescue activity of an essential gene, dribble, requires splicing of a temperature-sensitive intein (TS-ClvRdbe). This element spreads to transgene fixation at 23 °C, but when populations now dependent on Ts-ClvRdbe are shifted to 29 °C, death and sterility result in a rapid population crash. These results show that conditional population elimination can be achieved. A similar logic, in which Rescue activity is conditional, could also be used in homing-based drive and to bring about suppression and/or killing of specific individuals in response to other stimuli.

Abraham Cahan’sThe Rise of David LevinskyinMcClure’s Magazine: Race, Capitalism, and Jewish American Identity

AbstractBy situating The Rise of David Levinsky in its original 1913 magazine context, I recognize the ways in which Abraham Cahan set out to undermine the theories of race—and attendant ideas about Jewish identity—with which McClure’s and other American periodicals were obsessed. I argue that the novel appears to accept the premise that races exist while it also undermines a belief in racial inequality. In short, I argue that Cahan likely used race, and McClure’s propensity for “exotic” characters as a kind of Trojan horse in order to deny the prevailing view that, in the United States, only one race, the Anglo-Saxon, can lay claim to the achievements of civilization. Cahan’s Yiddish-speaking world of Russian Jewish characters became a convenient and critical foil for capitalism itself.

The Silent Red Thing: Self-Censorship in the Hyper-Networked Hypermarket Arts

The Silent Red Thing:Self-Censorship in the Hyper-Networked Hypermarket Arts Noah Fischer (bio) I can't forget the puzzling silence of Mark di Suvero. During the Occupy Movement, Joie De Vivre, his seventy-foot-tall sculpture flanking [End Page 233] the east side of Zuccotti Park (Fig. 1), was simply known as "The Red Thing."1 General Assem bly facilitators would announce, "Food, Outreach, Direct Action, People of Color working group, meet in one hour under the red thing!" because there was substantial gathering space beneath it and the populist renaming signaled that we had invited it into the commons (Fig. 2). Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Noah Fischer, View from Zuccotti Park (2018). Photograph courtesy of the artist. Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 2. Noah Fischer, The Red Thing (2018). Watercolor. Image courtesy of the artist. However, the red thing turned out instead to be a kind of Trojan horse. It was the first piece of liberated Zuccotti Park to be clawed back into Mayor Bloomberg's New York. On October 26, 2011, the New York City Police Department surrounded it with barricades (which were inexplicably marked with the logo of the Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art (Fig. 3),2 and thereafter patrolled it on threat of arrest (Fig. 4). The significance of this art-cage was recognized by the artists from the Arts & Culture Committee, who penned a common letter to the artist: OWS is now in Day 52. This movement will only continue to grow and evolve. It is our wish, and we believe yours as well, that the sculpture be integrated spatially with the activities taking place at Liberty Plaza. [End Page 234] Therefore, we ask you to make a public statement urging city authorities to keep all barricades away from this and other public sculptures in the area, allowing free access to the area under and around public sculptures.3 The letter wasn't a shot in the dark. In 1971, di Suvero had self-exiled in response to the Vietnam War. Five years earlier, in 1966, he had been approached to build the monumental Peace Tower by Irving Petlin and the Los Angeles-based Artists' Protest Committee: a work that monumentalized a collection of smaller anti-war paintings later auctioned off to support the anti-war efforts. Installed in a vacant lot, Peace Tower became a site of confrontation where anti-war demonstrators were harassed by Marines and pro-war counter-protestors, who beat up an artist during the tower's installation.4 Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 3. Naeem Mohaiemen, Zuccotti Park (2011). Photograph courtesy of the artist. Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 4. Naeem Mohaiemen, Zuccotti Park (2011). Photograph courtesy of the artist. Jailed twice for anti-war demonstrations in the 1960s and again outside the Republican National Convention in 2004, di Suvero became something of an art world anti-war icon. His work Peace Tower was remade at the 2006 Whitney Biennial, where it was placed by the curators directly outside the museum in public view, perhaps to compensate for the 2004 Biennial's stunning silence on America's two overseas wars.5 It wasn't a stretch to recognize di Suvero's aesthetics (quotidian industrial materials, strong linear formed geometry, red color) and social ideas (sculpture used in mass [End Page 235] movements) as a progeny of the monumental Leftist sculptural tradition stretching back to Vladimir Tatlin (Fig. 5). As such, the chance to speak up for OWS, a movement that had accepted his sculpture into its political constellation, seemed more a gift to the artist than an unwanted pressure. The letter was sent by trusted couriers, and it was confirmed that he received and read the letter. But di Suvero never spoke up, and a month later, the barricades that had initially encircled his sculpture expanded to encircle the entire park, while activists nursed NYPD-inflicted wounds marking their violent eviction. The issue of silenced voices has recently drifted into political discourse as the far-right media cries out accusations of censorship, often the result of traps planted by the racist and xenophobic alt...

Approaches to Teaching the Works of John Dryden

Jayne Lewis and Lisa Zunshine, eds. Approaches to Teaching the Works of John Dryden. New York: Modern Language Association, 2013. x + 197 pp. $19.75 USD (paperback). ISBN 9781603291262.In a fitting tribute to the range and variety of John Dryden (1631-1700), this volume offers twenty-one short essays by scholars who regularly present his works to undergraduates. Eight of these pieces address the poetry, nine the drama, and four the "prose and translation." In an opening section on "Materials," the editors lament the "scarcity of affordable and fully representative editions of [Dryden's] poetry" and complain that "all the standard literature anthologies ... neglect the drama in favor of the poetry and criticism" (3-4). These are not small matters. The latest edition of the Norton Anthology, still the most commonly used textbook for survey courses in English literature, includes only four complete poems by Dryden, along with pathetic snippets from the criticism and not a single play. As contributors to this volume frequently note, we all make do with photocopied texts, but it is scandalous that there is no affordable paperback offering a fuller sampling of this great writers work. Nor is the Internet, despite its multiplication of resources, a substitute for a comprehensive textbook; this very volumes section on "online resources" is marred by unfortunate errors that may stem from the absence of fact-checking on the Internet. The editors inform us that "Purcell's setting of A Song for Saint Cecilia's Day' [is] widely available on CD and You Tube" and refer to the "many available recordings of Purcell's setting of Alexanders Feast" (8-9). Neither of these items has ever existed. Although Purcell set inferior St. Cecilia poems by Thomas Shadwell and Christopher Fishbourne, he did not write music for Dryden's "Song for Saint Cecilia's Day, 1687," which was set by Giovanni Battista Draghi, whose version survives in at least five manuscripts. The music has been splendidly edited by Bryan White [ "From Harmony, from Heav'nly Harmony" (Novello, 2010)] and intelligently recorded by Peter Holman [Hyperion CDH55257]. Purcell could not possibly have set Alexanders Feast (1697), as he died in 1695; the original setting, sadly lost, was by Jeremiah Clarke. Happily, the section on "Background Materials and Criticism" and the list of "Further Reading Recommendations" are more accurate and helpful. A survey designed to find out what works by Dryden the contributors and a few others teach, with results reported here, gives a useful snapshot of current pedagogical practice, richly supplemented by the essays that follow.The section on Dryden's poetry begins with a bracing and original essay on Religio Laid by Anna Battigelli, who argues that "the poem's forceful dialogic presentation of competing arguments works against... a fixed interpretation. In particular, its attention to outlawed Catholic arguments functions as a kind of Trojan horse, injecting forbidden arguments into the public sphere, thereby allowing a fuller consideration of the problem of determining the rule of faith" (31). Particularly useful here are six questions to be posed to students, who will be, as Battigelli notes, "no more apt than scholars to agree on answers" (35). The next three essays concern Dryden's elegies for the younger poets John Oldham and Anne Killigrew, poems now frequently taught, according to the survey. Cedric Reverand II recommends approaching both these works by using Milton's "Lycidas" as an example of a more "standard" elegy by one poet for another, in the hope of alerting students to some of the stranger features of Dryden's practice. He hopes that students who have read Milton's elegy will respond to the "gloomy Night" at the end of the Oldham poem by realizing that "something is wrong: no heaven, no afterlife, no daystar rising. Dryden is supposed to say, 'You died, but your fame will live on'; instead, he says, 'You won some fame, but you're dead'" (38). …

Cyber Diligence: A Low-Intensity Due Diligence Principle for Low-Intensity Cyber Operations?

In its International Strategy for Cyberspace (2011), the White House stressed that: “The development of norms for state conduct in cyberspace does not require a reinvention of customary international law, nor does it render existing international norms obsolete. Long-standing international norms guiding state behaviour—in times of peace and conflict—also apply in cyberspace”. Among these customary rules, the principle of due diligence occupies a special place. The objective of this paper is to evaluate to what extent this principle can be transposed to low intensity cyber operations and to answer to some of the questions that this transposition could raise. I first address some questions related to the scope of the principle. For example, is the duty of due diligence strictly confined to the territory of states or could it also have an “extra-territorial” effect? And what could be the relevance of a “due diligence” principle for cyber activities taking place in a “cyberspace” with no specific geographical location? The article then turns to several problems concerning the nature and the content of the principle applied in the cyberspace. When exactly could we consider that a state has, or ought to have, knowledge of the fact that cyber operations undertaken on its territory “are used for acts contrary to the rights of others states”? What kind of measures should states adopt in order to comply with their duty of due diligence? Could the due diligence principle become a kind of Trojan horse in order to justify mass electronic surveillance programs and erode civil liberties starting with the right to privacy and the respect of correspondence? In order to answer these questions I use both general international law concerning the rights and duties of States and some more specific branches, such as the obligation of prevention in international environmental law or the theory of “positive obligations” of states in international human rights law. I end with some thoughts about the development – and the limits – of the concept of “cooperative cyber diligence”.

Research on Detection Technique for C2HTH Based on Model Checking

Code-Controlled Hardware Trojan horse is an important kind of hardware Trojan horse and may be existent in various electronic equipments. It is necessary and imperative to detect this kind of Trojan horse. In this paper we firstly study characteristics of Code-Controlled Hardware Trojan horse. Then model checking, a kind of formalization method, is primarily researched to detect Code-Controlled Hardware Trojan horse. To detect Code-Controlled hardware Trojan horses effectively, we investigate published detection techniques for hardware Trojan horses and point out their deficiencies. Finally we present a new special detection approach combined with model checking and reverse-engineering. Experiments indicate that the new detection approach is effective to detect Code-Controlled Hardware Trojan horse.

Trojan horse or Rorschach blot? Creative industries discourse around the world

One of the most wide‐ranging and sophisticated critiques of creative industries policy argues that it is a kind of Trojan horse, secreting the intellectual heritage of the information society and its technocratic baggage into the realm of cultural practice, suborning the latter’s proper claims on the public purse and self‐understanding, and aligning it with inappropriate bedfellows such as business services, telecommunications and calls for increases in generic creativity. Reviewing the broad adoption of the concept in policy discourse around the world, this paper suggests that rather than a Trojan horse, it might be better thought of as a Rorschach blot, being invested in for varying reasons and with varying emphases and outcomes. Based on spatial analysis, then, the critique may need modification. Temporally as well, the critique may have been overtaken by later developments taking policy emphases ‘beyond’ the creative industries.

Borderline, Bipolar, or Both?

Of all of the diagnostic dilemmas that confront psychiatry today, the resolution of the controversy surrounding the interrelationship of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder is an especially vehement one. The controversy goes, indeed, to the heart of modern psychiatry, reflecting its quest to find diagnostic schema that have clinical utility and that also map correctly, and with some real precision, to brain function. With recent advances in the cognitive neurosciences, functional neuroimaging, and molecular neurogenetics, we are finally poised to identify and elaborate such diagnostic schema. 1‐4 And as noted in the articles on both sides of this Clinical Controversy—one by Joel Paris and the other by Daniel Smith and his colleagues—doing so is vitally important with regard to BPD and bipolar disorder because of their prevalence and high morbidity. In order to savor fully the challenge that these authors face, it is necessary to understand the historical context in which the relevant issues arise. Traditionally in personality research, there have been deep, systematic divisions between the psychodynamically and somatically oriented theoretical camps. Some psychodynamically oriented practitioners view the encroaching observations of the neurosciences as a kind of Trojan horse. The pleasing offering, the promise of an etiological explanation and efficacious somatic intervention, belies the true agenda of the neurosciences: to purge the field of personal narrative. Some somatically oriented practitioners belittle efforts to identify systematically the environmental antecedents and catalysts that shape behavior, characterizing those efforts as a hollow pursuit that places an arbitrary, post hoc meaning upon deterministic,

Frontiers in interventional cardiology.

n more than 20 years since the first percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures, the field of interventional cardiology has proliferated beyond all expectations. Now more than 1 million procedures are performed worldwide each year. Stenting has revolutionized the field, which previously relied on balloon dilatation in the majority of patients. With 50% of patients now undergoing stent implantation, the groundwork is laid for further important advances. In this article, we discuss the 4 most important new advances in the field of interventional cardiology: platelet inhibition, prevention of restenosis, stent evolution, and angiogenesis.

Tourism and gambling

Gambling by tourists occurs in many places around the world. More regions and countries are establishing casinos, regarded as attractions. How are gambling and tourism related? Why and how do casinos attract tourists? The characteristics of gambling games can be compared with the gambles of normal life, to help explain why such games are popular. Aligning that analysis with two types of tourism, wanderlust and sunlust, leads to a conclusion that the former type is not prone to gambling games. Evidence from several countries also suggests that the proximity to a political border with a neighbouring country or province that outlaws casinos can be a factor behind the success of tourist destinations offering gambling facilities for sunlust tourists. To overcome objections by local residents to proposals for establishing gambling facilities, pro-casino lobbies appear to use “tourism” as a kind of Trojan Horse, disguising the point that the major gambler market is in the local population. New Zealand is a recent case where this appears to be happening.