Kinds Of Strategies Research Articles

Multi-Strategy Bald Eagle Search Algorithm Embedded Orthogonal Learning for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Coverage Optimization

Coverage control is a fundamental and critical issue in plentiful wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Aiming at the high-dimensional optimization problem of sensor node deployment and the complexity of the monitoring area, an orthogonal learning multi-strategy bald eagle search (OLMBES) algorithm is proposed to optimize the location deployment of sensor nodes. This paper incorporates three kinds of strategies into the bald eagle search (BES) algorithm, including Lévy flight, quasi-reflection-based learning, and quadratic interpolation, which enhances the global exploration ability of the algorithm and accelerates the convergence speed. Furthermore, orthogonal learning is integrated into BES to improve the algorithm’s robustness and premature convergence problem. By this way, population search information is fully utilized to generate a more superior position guidance vector, which helps the algorithm jump out of the local optimal solution. Simulation results on CEC2014 benchmark functions reveal that the optimization performance of the proposed approach is better than that of the existing method. On the WSN coverage optimization problem, the proposed method has greater network coverage ratio, node uniformity, and stronger optimization stability when compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Scaffolding emotional communication in an L2 discussion course: strategies for talking around the facemask

ABSTRACT Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, facemasks became obligatory in many educational contexts. In order to emotionally scaffold undergraduates in his English as a foreign language discussion course, the author inquired with students as to their ideas of strategies to convey emotions and communicate more effectively even when wearing facemasks. Suggestions were then reintroduced to the class, and students acted on these strategies each week. Data in the form of weekly learner journals were collected over the 14 lessons making up one semester, resulting in a corpus of around 20,000 words. This article describes the intervention and the kinds of strategies used in lessons. Results indicate that in their journals, participants primarily reflected on their degree of accomplishment of the strategies, experiencing feelings of difficulty and achievement as they used a variety of strategies above and beyond what was expected. Additionally, over the semester, they gradually became more aware of the strategy use of their peers, eliciting feelings of admiration, gratitude and motivation to further act upon the strategies. The article aims to provide food for thought for other teachers and researchers in supporting learners to develop their emotional literacy and, in this specific case, ‘talk around the facemask’.

Engaging With Race and Racism Through the Sensory: Four Pedagogical Instigations

Teaching and learning effectively, inclusively, and critically about the power and politics of race and difference remains a protracted yet important struggle. Race is an emotionally laden and provocative issue facing many societies, and the concomitant privilege and ideology that upholds it are oftentimes surpassed through processes and mechanisms of “invisibling.” In this article, I add to the plethora of debates and discussions concerning race as an organizing principle by showing how through the sensory, seemingly one of the most mundane, banal, and quotidian aspects of social life, can be a potent epistemological tool with which to teach how “race” can be reconstructed, negotiated, and maneuvered by social actors in the context of multicultural Singapore. Social formations of “race” undergo new ways of categorization, perpetuation, and judgment with the sensory as an emotive medium of recognition and placement. I foreground some of the pedagogical strategies I have employed that draw on emotions and the senses to instigate meaningful and critical class discussions, and the variegated classroom responses to the teaching of race and multiculturalism in everyday life. More specifically, I show how students as well as their respondents deploy emotions and the sensory in practices of inclusion and exclusion upon racial selves and others. A more creative and inclusive classroom and learning environment is therefore imperative to stimulate discussion, particularly alternative, critical, and meaningful ways of thinking about race. This, I contend, will necessitate a reflexive reconfiguration and maneuvering of power dynamics within the classroom setting, and our experience in teaching undergraduate students through particular kinds of strategies I have used during discussion groups have reaped interesting outcomes, both on the parts of the instructor as a reflexive participant and the students in the classroom.

A novel in verse: poetics of intermediate form

At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, the genre system restructuring and the leading role of the novel in the literary process leads to the novelization of genres and the emergence of hybrid forms, the internal measure of which is determined by the interaction of different kinds of strategies and techniques. The object of the article is a novel in verse as a result of the novelization of the lyric epic poem, whose status since its emergence has been problematic for both literature and literary studies. The article provides a brief overview of the novel in verse history, the variety of its definitions and themes, it analyses its leading genre features, and attempts to show how the novel and lyric transform each other within this form. The novel in verse is regarded as a literary genre, where the complex multilevel interaction of the prose and poetic word under the influence of the processes of the ready-made word decay and novelization becomes a genre-forming principle. It is concluded that the result of such complex inter-genre interaction is a change in the understanding of the poetic, and the phenomenon of the genre itself accompanies the novel formation, participating in its search for its internal measure, and reflects literature large-scale search for a “reconciliatory” form in the conditions of the value crisis.

Students’ Learning Strategies in Oral Productions Across Speaking Proficiencies

Speaking skills are generally perceived as the measurement of the success of English Language Teaching (ELT), yet these skills are considered very hard to achieve. In fact, there have been different levels of speaking proficiencies among students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the oral production learning strategies used by high and low proficiency English Education students. The design of this study was descriptive qualitative. Ten third semester English Education students of Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang were included. In collecting the data, the researchers used three instruments, especially a speaking test, documentation, questionnaires, and interview. The results show that the students with high speaking proficiency have higher motivation and use all kinds of strategies in the same frequency. Meanwhile, the students with low speaking proficiency use metacognitive, cognitive, and memory strategies. However, they did not use these strategies with the same frequency, where the lowest percentage of strategies used were affective and compensatory. The results suggest that students should choose learning strategies based on their needs. Students should use all learning strategies to improve their speaking skills. The implications and suggestions of the research are also discussed.

Optimal Investment Strategy for α-Robust Utility Maximization Problem

In reality, investors are uncertain about the dynamics of risky asset returns. Therefore, investors prefer to make robust investment decisions. In this paper, we propose an α-robust utility maximization problem under uncertain parameters. The investor is allowed to invest in a financial market consisting of a risk-free asset and a risky asset. The uncertainty about the expected return rate is parameterized by a nonempty set. Different from most existing literature on robust utility maximization problems where investors are generally assumed to be extremely ambiguity averse because they tend to consider only expected utility in the worst-case scenario, we pay attention to the investors who are not only ambiguity averse but also ambiguity seeking. Under power utility, we provide the implicit function representations for the precommitted strategy, equilibrium strategy of the open-loop type, and equilibrium strategy of the closed-loop type. Some properties about the optimal trading strategies, the best-case and worst-case parameters under three different kinds of strategies, are provided. Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12071147, 12171169, 12271171, 12371470, 71721001, 71931004, 72371256], the Shanghai Philosophy Social Science Planning Office Project [Grant 2022ZJB005], Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant 2022QKT001], the Excellent Young Team Project Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China [Grant 2023B1515040001], the Philosophy and Social Science Programming Foundation of Guangdong Province [Grant GD22CYJ17], the Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China [Grant 2022A1515011472], and the 111 Project [Grant B14019].

A Love Triangle? Mapping Interactions between International Human Rights Institutions, Meta and Its Oversight Board

Abstract Three years ago, the Oversight Board commenced its work ‘to make principled, independent, and binding decisions … based on respect for freedom of expression and human rights’ for Meta’s platforms Facebook and Instagram. From the very beginning, the vocabulary employed to talk about the Oversight Board was laden with court metaphors. Wary that these metaphors have stirred legal analysis into a specific direction, we move away from trying to fit the Oversight Board within established institutional categories. Instead, we shift the focus from institutions to interactions – that is, to the ‘in-between’. Rather than continuing to debate what the Oversight Board is, we focus on what the Oversight Board does. Our study maps different stages and modes of interaction between Meta, the Oversight Board and international human rights institutions. We show how different actors carefully craft entry points for constructing their respective semantic authority and what kind of strategies they pursue to contest semantic authority of others. Thereby, we uncover the first traces of emerging conversations between Meta, the Oversight Board and international human rights institutions and highlight who is included and excluded and who refuses to participate or to respond. With our intervention, we intend to offer empirically grounded insights into the dynamics at play and paint a more detailed picture of the various roles that novel actors, such as Meta and the Oversight Board, are beginning to assume in the protection of international human rights online.

Inclusive Education and Practices of 21st-Century Teachers in Sindh

Education is the right of every individual, regardless of race, creed, gender, abilities, or skills, and children with and without special needs as well. As a long time has passed, those who are concerned and working in the field of education still face serious questions like what kind of strategies or methodologies should be adopted or adapted to provide education to differently abled children and ordinary children in the same context. It is necessary to find out the teachers' practices towards the implementation of inclusive education in Sindh. The key purpose of this study was to identify the practical challenges faced by teachers towards the successful implementation of inclusive education in public primary-level schools in Sindh. The population of the current study was the public primary-level schools of the city of Nawabshah, Sindh. A self-designed questionnaire was developed and distributed among the 16 public primary-level schools (8 boys and 8 girls), and one senior teacher and two students from each school were selected as a sample for the study. The questionnaire consisted of 15 items related to teachers' practices for implementing inclusive education in their respective schools, and five items pertain to concerned students. The SPSS software was utilized for data analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the teachers of public primary schools were unaware of the teaching practices of differently abled children. Moreover, they never attended seminars or conferences and did not undergo any training regarding the implementation of inclusive education. The study recommended that a chapter regarding the concept of inclusive education, including teaching practices, be included in teachers' training manuals so that teachers are aware of the concept of inclusion or inclusive education and teaching practices regarding an inclusive classroom. Moreover, there were some hindrances in policy, school leadership, adequate teaching and learning material, and curriculum.

EFL Students’ Strategies In Dealing With Speaking Anxiety In Post Pandemic Class

The purpose of the study was to find out the strategies that the EFL students use to reduce their speaking anxiety in post pandemic class. This research is a qualitative type of research that uses qualitative descriptive method to collect the necessary data in the hope of knowing the strategies used by students in dealing with their speaking anxiety. The participants of this study included students who were in the class of XI Bahasa at SMA Negeri 1 Pangkep. In this study, there were two instruments used, namely interviews which were carried out in two stages as the main instrument and an observation activity involving two observers. The observation was carried out in the classroom while the learning activity was conducted, and the interview sessions were carried out outside of their classroom. By using a purposive sampling technique, six student representatives were selected to be interviewed. The results of the study revealed that there were seventeen methods used by students to overcome their speaking anxiety which were then categorized into six different kinds of strategies. These six strategies according to the research finding are consisting of memory strategy, cognitive strategy, compensation strategy, metacognitive strategy, affective strategy and social strategy.

Nocturnal Seafaring: the Reduction of Visibility at Night and its Impact on Ancient Mediterranean Seafaring. A Study Based on 8–4th Centuries BC Evidence

AbstractThe practice of nocturnal navigation in the Mediterranean Sea could be inferred from both archaeological and written records. While there is sufficient proof that the ships and their crew were quite familiar with nighttime sailing, current scholarship has not satisfactorily investigated how the reduction of visibility could have affected the nautical practice. For this reason, the aim of this contribution is twofold: (1) to evaluate to what extent visibility was reduced at night, and (2) to understand what kind of strategies (if any) could be put in place to overcome the difficulties of a low level of visibility. Amongst the strategies, we will also assess the impact on visibility of fixed and portable lighting devices, such as torches and pierced amphoras, as documented by the archaeological and literary evidence.

Arena-Independent Finite-Memory Determinacy in Stochastic Games

We study stochastic zero-sum games on graphs, which are prevalent tools to model decision-making in presence of an antagonistic opponent in a random environment. In this setting, an important question is the one of strategy complexity: what kinds of strategies are sufficient or required to play optimally (e.g., randomization or memory requirements)? Our contributions further the understanding of arena-independent finite-memory (AIFM) determinacy, i.e., the study of objectives for which memory is needed, but in a way that only depends on limited parameters of the game graphs. First, we show that objectives for which pure AIFM strategies suffice to play optimally also admit pure AIFM subgame perfect strategies. Second, we show that we can reduce the study of objectives for which pure AIFM strategies suffice in two-player stochastic games to the easier study of one-player stochastic games (i.e., Markov decision processes). Third, we characterize the sufficiency of AIFM strategies through two intuitive properties of objectives. This work extends a line of research started on deterministic games to stochastic ones.

Pengaruh Slow Music Terhadap Kemampuan Menyimak Bahasa Inggris

There are various kinds of strategies and methods in language learning. Music is one the strategy that can be applied. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of slow music on students' English listening skills. The method of this research is Classroom action research. The subjects of this research were 27 students of the History and Sociology Department of IKIP Budi Utomo. The results of this research explain that the application of slow music has a significant and positive impact on listening ability for the students of History and Sociology Department of IKIP Budi Utomo. Students' response and activeness in learning is very good, their accuracy in pronouncing the words, understanding native speech, and their English vocabulary have increased. Students become more focused in learning because they participate in the teaching and learning process happily without feeling afraid or burdened.

Analysis Of Strategies Used To Translate Idiomatic Sentences From Indonesian To English Found In Folklore’s Book Of Malin Kundang

This descriptive qualitative study mainly describes the translation idiomatic sentence found in Folklore’s book of Malin Kundang. However, the process of translating is not as simple as switching the meaning of word for word based on the literal context. Idioms are one of the most problematical components of language. Idioms cannot be easily to translate because their meaning is unpredictable. This study is aimed (1) finding out the idiom expressions in Folklore’s book of Malin Kundang, (2) finding out the meaning of the idiom expressions in Folklore’s book of Malin Kundang, and (3) the kinds of strategies which are used in translating the idiomatic expression in Folklore’s book of Malin Kundang. The data were collected by reading the Folklore’s book of Malin Kundang in Indonesian version and listing all the idioms found in the source text and their translation in the target text, displaying each of them into tables.

Work-related stress, stress reactions and coping strategies in ambulance nurses: A qualitative interview study.

To describe experiences of work-related stress, stress reactions and coping strategies among registered nurses (RNs) in the ambulance service (AS). A descriptive and qualitative design. Participants were recruited from eight different ambulance stations from different geographical locations in central Sweden. Data were collected from 14 RNs during the period from January 2022 to May 2022 using a semi-structured interview guide. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data using an abductive approach. Three categories describe the RNs' experiences; (1) Situations that cause work-related stress, (2) Reactions and feelings that occur and (3) Management of work-related stress. These three main categories included a total of 12 subcategories. Work-related stress was experienced when participants were a part of traumatic events or experienced insufficient cooperation or a disturbing event in the work environment. The different causes lead to different kinds of reactions with feelings of frustration, fear and loneliness being prominent. To manage the work-related stress, RNs used different kinds of strategies and support from colleagues or lack thereof seemed to have a major impact. Findings revealed the importance of having competent colleagues in the AS. Working with a competent colleague can reduce experiences of stress and prevent feelings of loneliness. It is important for the AS to provide stress-reduction support, to promote cooperation and to maintain and develop RNs' professional competence to ensure quality care and patient safety in the AS.

Evaluation of Paramedical Student’s Knowledge on COVID-19: A Comparative Study

Background & Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the world community with its greatest challenges so far. Paramedics play a crucial role in providing pre-hospital care to patients who require urgent medical attention in clinical settings. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge on COVID-19 among health assistant (HA) students studying in different paramedical colleges in Janakpurdham. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed utilizing a structured questionnaire to acquire responses from HA Students studying in different colleges of Janakpurdham in the months of April and May 2022. Descriptive analysis was applied to calculate the frequencies and proportions. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: Out of total 360 students, 280 were enrolled. The majority of students were under 20 years old. All of the students were aware of the COVID-19 infection at National Human Resource Development Academy (NHRDA) and Mithila Technical Academy (MTA) colleges, with the exception of 3.61% Care Medical Center (CMC) students. A large percentage of students (52.80% boys , 47.19% girls) responded that the respiratory tract is the primary route by which COVID-19 infections are spread, followed by the students from NHRDA and CMC. Most of the students from all colleges received satisfactory scores on the COVID-19 knowledge test. There was negative association of score of knowledge between 1st, 2nd and 3rd year students of CMC and MTA (p=0.96 and p=0.11) respectively. However, there was positive association of score of knowledge between 1st, 2nd and 3rd year NHRDA students (p=0.01). Conclusion: The majority of college students studying at different colleges had satisfactory knowledge, while a moderate number of students had poor and just a few had good knowledge scores on the COVID-19. In order to increase knowledge, various kinds of strategies, regulations, and initiatives should be accomplished and implemented effectively throughout the lower to higher level education.

No time to read? How precarity is shaping learning and teaching in the humanities

Humanities educators are frequently frustrated by students’ poor engagement in reading. The contemporary student experience is characterised by disruption and precarity. Similarly, is that of teachers who work in casual employment. This discussion is located within broader conversations around the neoliberal university, but aims to make more visible ways that teaching and learning are increasingly shaped by precarity, and consequences for the humanities. It describes what precarity in higher education looks like and considers the kinds of strategies that students and their teachers are positioned to develop by virtue of engaging in education under such conditions, amid chaos, making these meaningful through the learning theory of connectivism. This discussion points to some examples of humanities-based pedagogical innovations that seek to strengthen reading skills, while also acknowledging the changing circumstances of students to point towards avenues for ongoing consideration, reflection, and innovation in the humanities.

Controlling Class Layout for Deep Ordinal Classification via Constrained Proxies Learning

For deep ordinal classification, learning a well-structured feature space specific to ordinal classification is helpful to properly capture the ordinal nature among classes. Intuitively, when Euclidean distance metric is used, an ideal ordinal layout in feature space would be that the sample clusters are arranged in class order along a straight line in space. However, enforcing samples to conform to a specific layout in the feature space is a challenging problem. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel Constrained Proxies Learning (CPL) method, which can learn a proxy for each ordinal class and then adjusts the global layout of classes by constraining these proxies. Specifically, we propose two kinds of strategies: hard layout constraint and soft layout constraint. The hard layout constraint is realized by directly controlling the generation of proxies to force them to be placed in a strict linear layout or semicircular layout (i.e., two instantiations of strict ordinal layout). The soft layout constraint is realized by constraining that the proxy layout should always produce unimodal proxy-to-proxies similarity distribution for each proxy (i.e., to be a relaxed ordinal layout). Experiments show that the proposed CPL method outperforms previous deep ordinal classification methods under the same setting of feature extractor.

Showing proper appreciation for board, other volunteers helps keep them engaged and motivated

As an executive director who can be disciplined and/or fired by your board, you might not view board members the same as you do your other volunteers. But when it comes to keeping them encouraged and motivated to continue their service to your organization, some of the same kinds of strategies and approaches for showing your appreciation may apply to both.

What is a Smart Destination in Practice? The Interpretation of DMO Managers from Spanish World Heritage Cities

ABSTRACT This work intends to identify how Spanish World Heritage Cities (SWHC) are interpreting and implementing the Smart Destination Spanish Model (SD). The model has been created as a new paradigm of tourist management, and it is being sponsored by the Spanish public administration in different destinations, including Spanish World Heritage Cities. SWHC are historic, major tourist destinations with a large number of visitors. A sequence of qualitative methods has been used, consisting of documentary analysis with semi-structured interviews. The destination managers from each of the 15 cities that take part of the World Heritage Cities Spanish Group have been interviewed. In addition, an executive of the government-owned Tourism Innovation and Technologies company (SEGITTUR) has been also interviewed. The results do highlight the momentum that the model has reached, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, and serve to identify what kind of strategies have been put in practice.

A reinforcement learning algorithm acquires demonstration from the training agent by dividing the task space

Although reinforcement learning (RL) has made numerous breakthroughs in recent years, addressing reward-sparse environments remains challenging and requires further exploration. Many studies improve the performance of the agents by introducing the state-action pairs experienced by an expert. However, such kinds of strategies almost depend on the quality of the demonstration by the expert, which is rarely optimal in a real-world environment, and struggle with learning from sub-optimal demonstrations. In this paper, a self-imitation learning algorithm based on the task space division is proposed to realize an efficient high-quality demonstration acquire while the training process. To determine the quality of the trajectory, some well-designed criteria are defined in the task space for finding a better demonstration. The results show that the proposed algorithm will improve the success rate of robot control and achieve a high mean Q value per step. The algorithm framework proposed in this paper has illustrated a great potential to learn from a demonstration generated by using self-policy in sparse environments and can be used in reward-sparse environments where the task space can be divided.