Kinds Of Proposals Research Articles

The use of metadiscourse markers in applied linguistics research proposals written by Vietnamese MA students

This study aimed to investigate how the metadiscourse
 markers are used in Applied Linguistic research proposals written by
 Vietnamese MA students. Besides, it also examines what the most
 and least common types of metadiscourse markers are used in this
 kind of proposals. The study used the corpus consisting of Applied
 Linguistic research proposals written by a total of 20 students. The
 analysis of the type and frequency of metadiscourse markers used in
 the selected research proposals was based on Hyland’s (2005)
 model. With the support of the concordance computer programme
 namely Antconc, the occurrence of each metadiscourse marker
 found was calculated to find out the results. The finding of the study
 showed that interactive markers are more commonly used than
 interactional markers in Applied Linguistic research proposals. It is
 also seen that transition markers are the most common type of
 metadiscourse markers while evidential markers have the lowest
 frequency. This can be implied that Vietnamese students prioritize
 the interacitve metadiscourse markers over the interactional
 metadiscourse markers in Applied Linguistics research proposals
 due to the fact that it is the easiest way for the author to organise the
 text in order to make readers comprehend the whole text.

Rawls and the Global Original Position

Cosmopolitans including Charles Beitz, David Richards, Brian Barry, Thomas Pogge and Gillian Brock propose the device of an original global position to work out global principles of justice. However, John Rawls does not agree with this kind of proposal. In this paper, I add two key original contributions, which go beyond previous arguments by cosmopolitans and advance the current debates. First, to argue against Rawls’s objection to the global original position, I demonstrate the importance of the distinction between accepting a particular substantive principle and accepting the original position procedure. Second, in order to respond to cultural pluralism, I take a unique approach to show that the idea of the person as free and equal is a fundamental part of the global public culture by examining the most fundamental legal documents: the proto-constitutional documents in international law and the constitutions of the major states. I apply Samuel Huntington’s classification of civilisations to identify the major civilisations and their core states and show that the idea of the person as free and equal is implicit in the constitutions of most influential countries even though these countries are categorised in different civilisations.

A Novel ISO 26262-Compliant Test Bench to Assess the Diagnostic Coverage of Software Hardening Techniques against Digital Components Random Hardware Failures

This paper describes a novel approach to assess detection mechanisms and their diagnostic coverage, implemented using embedded software, designed to identify random hardware failures affecting digital components. In the literature, many proposals adopting fault injection methods are available, with most of them focusing on transient faults and not considering the functional safety standards requirements. This kind of proposal can benefit developers involved in the automotive market, where strict safety and cost requirements make the adoption of software-only strategies convenient. Hence, we have focused our efforts on compliance with the ISO 26262 automotive functional safety standard. The approach concerns permanent faults affecting microcontrollers and it provides a mapping between the failure mode described in part 11 of the Standard and the chosen fault models. We propose a test bench designed to inject permanent failures into an emulated microcontroller and determine which of them are detected by the embedded software. The main contribution of this paper is a novel fault injection manager integrated with the open-source software GCC, GDB, and QEMU. This test bench manages all the assessment phases, from fault generation to fault injection and the ISA emulation management, up to the classification of the simulation results.

The Lack of Attention Given by Neoendogenous Rural Development Practice to Areas Highly Affected by Depopulation. The Case of Andalusia (Spain) in 2015–2020 Period

Abstract How are the problems of depopulation being faced by the Local Action Groups (LAGs) and the LEADER approach? What kinds of proposals are being pointed out to tackle young people’s exodus, the economic depression, the physical and virtual distances, and the marginality from the political and economic centers by these local public-private partnerships to the areas having the more worrying situations? Andalusia, a southern region of Spain, has many municipalities with these severe devepopulation problems. According to this aim, the Local Development Strategies documents (LDSs) of the LAGs for 2015–2020, have been reviewed. The predominance of the top-down approach has limited the attention given to face the rural depopulation. It is relevant to note, as well, the reduced presence of specific objectives and projects to combat depopulation in these deep rural areas. The last finding is that these municipalities with extreme depopulation have been left aside; as no solution placed. Definitely, as empty areas to promote rural development. Depopulation concept and depopulation areas have been forgotten for neoendogenous rural development practices.

Approaches to co-predication: Inherent polysemy and metaphysical relations

There is a growing interest in the phenomenon of co-predication, where a single NP appears with predicates that have incompatible selectional preferences. The phenomenon suggests that a single NP can stand for at least two entities and so that the truth-conditions of a co-predicative sentence are more complicated than what the surface structure indicates. In this paper, two different kinds of proposals concerning this issue are presented and discussed: conservative approaches that commit to there being just one entity that is referred by a co-predicative term; and non-conservative, but more intuitive approaches, that assign conjunctions of simple truth-conditional contents to co-predicative sentences. Meanwhile, it is argued that, although much is still unknown about co-predication, many approaches coincide in signalling that the different senses of the terms that co-predicate in a stable way are linked by particular metaphysical relations.

Opposition to Ethnic Territorial Autonomy in the Indian Parliament

ABSTRACT Why do central governments resist regional ethnic autonomy? Is it nationalism? A fear of lost revenues? Scholars rarely investigate these questions with fine-grained data on elite behavior. The author analyzes new data on Indian parliamentarians during that country’s federal reorganization in the 1950s. Legislators debated dozens of proposals for ethnic autonomy. What kinds of proposals met the most opposition? Contrary to existing theory, central legislators were not opposed to autonomy for revenue- or resource-rich areas. Religious and linguistic nationalism were influential but they did not create a direct relationship between ethnic differences and MPs’ stances on autonomy. Regional ethnic rivalries were a key driver of opposition to autonomy. Parliamentarians rebuffed proposals that threatened to undermine their constituents’ position relative to neighboring non-coethnics. These findings suggest new insights for the comparative study of ethnoterritorial politics.

Analysis of the Geographical-Information Impact on the Performance of ABS-CRE HetNets

In this paper, we analyze the performance of Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) that are operating under Almost Blank Subframes (ABS) and Cell Range Expansion (CRE) by taking into consideration the effect of geographical information. In order to achieve such analyses, we develope a simulator that incorporates data from a Geographic Information System (GIS); specifically, a set of parameters that define the morphology of buildings and streets in urban areas. We describe the implemented methods to estimate the received power, as well as the average throughput, over an area of interest. Our numerical results clearly demonstrate that the overall network performance significantly depends on geographical information; hence our main contribution consists in developing a simulator that incorporates such information in the analysis and evaluation of ABS-CRE HetNets, which allows proposing design guidelines to improve the performance of these networks in realistic scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of proposal has not been reported in previous works.

Aprender a comunicar ciencia aumenta la motivación del alumnado. “La Jornada Científica”, una propuesta didáctica en ESO

In this paper, we describe the “Scientific conference,” a didactic proposal consisting in organizing a scientific congress by secondary school students. The students work in a research project about topics that delve into some contents of the official curriculum with the purpose of communicating the results of this project the day of the celebration of the congress. This proposal will allow the development of several competences at the same time, in particular, the linguistic competence. The purpose of this study is to analyze if participation in this experience increases students’ intrinsic motivation towards Physics and Chemistry subjects. The “Scientific conference” has been put into practice with a group of students of 4th ESO at a public secondary school in Getafe (Madrid). It was a quantitative-approach study, by means of a pretest-posttest design with one experimental group. An instrument that enables gathering data related to students’ intrinsic motivation towards Physics and Chemistry subjects has been used. The results of the study showed that the didactic proposal improved students’ levels of intrinsic motivation and, in particular, their levels of interest and enjoyment of the subject. These results point out that this kind of proposal can be a good starting point for the improvement of students’ motivation towards science learning.

Justice, Feasibility, and Social Science as it is

Political philosophy offers a range of utopian proposals, from open borders to global egalitarianism. Some object that these proposals ought to be constrained by what is feasible, while others insist that what justice demands does not depend on what we can bring about. Currently, this debate is mired in disputes over the fundamental nature of justice and the ultimate purpose of political philosophy. I take a different approach, proposing that we should consider which facts could fill out a feasibility requirement. This search for the facts requires requires looking to the social sciences, but I argue that it turns out that the social sciences will not provide us with findings that rule out, nor even count against, the kinds of proposals that political philosophers actually make, whether ideal or non-ideal. At the least, to deny this requires adopting deeply controversial commitments within the philosophy of social science. Thus, I conclude that a feasibility requirement has little practical use for political philosophers. Disputes over that requirement ought to be replaced by other, more fruitful ways for political philosophers to address both the findings of social science and the debates over non-ideal theory or political realism.

“A more accurate understanding of drug use”: A critical analysis of wastewater analysis technology for drug policy

The idea of identifying and monitoring urinary excretion of illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater has been seen by governments and international organisations as ‘promising’. It is claimed that such approaches will enable governments to effectively direct resources to priority areas, monitor the progress of demand and supply reduction strategies, as well as identify emerging trends. Drawing on poststructural approaches to policy analysis and insights from science and technology studies, we consider how the technology of wastewater analysis may be seen as a kind of proposal with productive capacity and constitutive effects. Through this analysis, we seek to raise ontopolitical questions about the production of data by interrogating the claims to ‘accuracy’ promoted in wastewater analysis, and illuminating the assumptions underpinning such pursuits. By taking an approach which sees method as performative rather than as descriptive of a pre-existing reality, we consider how wastewater analysis enacts realities into being in the drugs field. Taking Australia’s National Wastewater Drug Monitoring Program as a case example, we argue that wastewater analysis constitutes drug use as measurable, countable and comparable and, in doing so, enacts a homogenous drug using population in a bounded geographical space, with implications for drug policy. Furthermore, the claim to ‘accuracy’ constitutes people who use drugs as lacking in knowledge and unaware, and relates to a range of practices which work to continually re-produce people who use drugs as criminal, untrustworthy and in need of surveillance. Through this analysis, we seek to generate critical discussion about practices of ‘evidence-making’, the privileging of ‘scientific data’ in drug policy processes (especially as it relates to population prevalence of drug use), and the hitherto unexamined effects of wastewater analysis for drug policy.

Análisis socio-metafórico y culturas políticas: sobre el estudio del nacionalismo falangista

Partiendo de la idea de que el interés del análisis socio-metafórico reside en estudiar las metáforas en tanto pistas que nos acercan a valores, presupuestos, deseos y expectativas de quienes las producen y utilizan, este artículo propone centrar dicho análisis en un sujeto colectivo suficientemente rico y, a la par, convenientemente delimitado: las culturas políticas. Definidas, estas últimas, en la línea de lo propuesto por la denominada historia cultural de la política, la primera parte de este texto está dedicada a reflexionar sobre lo que el estudio metafórico puede aportar para una mejor comprensión de las mismas, proponiendo las principales potencialidades que este tipo de análisis guarda. A continuación, en la segunda parte, se aplica lo expuesto previamente a un estudio de caso concreto: el uso que la cultura política falangista hizo de las metáforas para definir a la nación española durante los efervescentes años de la guerra civil y de la inmediata posguerra (1936-1941), subrayando de qué modo la comprensión de Falange puede verse enriquecida gracias a este tipo de enfoque.

Pretreatment of vinasse from the sugar refinery industry under non-sterile conditions by Trametes versicolor in a fluidized bed bioreactor and its effect when coupled to an UASB reactor

BackgroundDuring hydrous ethanol production from the sugar refinery industry in Mexico, vinasse is generated. Phenolic compounds and melanoidins contribute to its color and make degradation of the vinasse a difficult task. Although anaerobic digestion (AD) is feasible for vinasse treatment, the presence of recalcitrant compounds can be toxic or inhibitory for anaerobic microorganism. Therefore, this study presents new data on the coupled of the FBR (Fluidized Bed Bioreactor) to the UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor under non-sterile conditions by T. versicolor. Nevertheless, for an industrial application, it is necessary to evaluate the performance in this kind of proposal system.ResultsTherefore, this study used a FBR for the removal of phenolic compounds (67%) and COD (38%) at non-sterile conditions. Continuous operation of the FBR was successfully for 26 days according to the literature. When the FBR was coupled to the UASB reactor, we obtained a better quality of effluent, furthermore methane content and yield were 74% and 0.18 m3 CH4/ kg CODremoval respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the possibility of using for an industrial application the coupled of the FBR to the UASB reactor under non-sterile conditions. Continuous operation of the FBR was carried out successfully for 26 days, which is the highest value found in the literature.

The politics of river basin organizations: institutional design choices, coalitions, and consequences

The idea that ecosystem management should be approached at the bioregional scale is central to the thinking on adaptive governance. Taken to the domain of water management, a bioregional approach implies the foundation of river basin organizations (RBOs), a notion that has been warmly welcomed by scholars and practitioners alike. However, it appears that river basin organizations come in various shapes and sizes, their intended foundation often leads to resistance, and their actual performance is understudied. Through this special feature we seek to advance the state of our knowledge in this respect. Through this introduction we lay the foundation for the case studies that follow in the special feature and for the conclusions. We do so by presenting a worked typology of river basin organizations. This typology helps us differentiate between various kinds of proposals that are all referred to as river basin organizations, but that are actually quite different in nature. In addition, in this introduction we present an approach to dissecting the inevitable political debates that ensue once a proposal to found a river basin organization is made, something that is often ill understood by the proponents of river basin organizations. After this, we explain the criteria that one could use to assess the performance of river basin organizations that actually come into being. Although the thinking in adaptive governance is strongly concerned with ecological effectiveness, we do show that other criteria can be applied too. Finally, we briefly introduce the various contributions to the special feature.

Investigando en historia de la psicología: contribuciones metodológicas

<p>Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar discusiones metodológicas acerca de la investigación en Historia de la Psicología. Utiliza como eje orientador de la comprensión de la historia, las perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas de la Nueva Historia. Ésta, en su crítica a la historia tradicional, propone el análisis de las condiciones de construcción de los hechos. Una de sus consecuencias fue la ampliación del campo del documento histórico, con la utilización de otras fuentes distintas a los textos oficiales. En la Historia de la Psicología, esa ampliación significó la preocupación por el carácter científico de las investigaciones históricas y la reflexión sobre los modos de pensar y hacer Psicología, considerando el contexto y las voces de aquellos que ayudaron a construirla como conocimiento y práctica profesional. En el caso de Brasil, diferentes iniciativas y laboratorios han reafirmado la importancia del debate sobre la organización sistemática y el análisis cuidadoso del material de investigación. Aquí se hace referencia brevemente a algunos ejemplos de investigación para la demostración de este tipo de propuesta.</p>

Theoretical Construction of Job Satisfaction in Medical Professionals Working for Mexican Companies

Abstract: Occupational Health physicians coexist in a work environment where they perform activities other than the ones developed by other doctors. Hence, there is interest in analyzing the theoretical construction of their job satisfaction. Inductive and qualitative study was conducted based on grounded theory and with the support of the software Atlas-ti. As a result of carrying out in-depth interviews and through the open, axial and selective coding process, 12 categories and five dimensions were integrated. They shaped the final definition of job satisfaction of these professionals. The conclusions showed that they are currently satisfied, although they were not satisfied at the beginning of their work life.Keywords: Theoretical Construction, Occupational Health Physicians, Grounded Theory, Job SatisfactionIntroductionThe International Labor Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) established in 1950 and updated in 1995, that the purpose of the work of professionals engaged in occupational health in enterprises is to adapt work to man and each man to his activity (ILO, 1998; 1985).ILO specifies in its Convention 161, Chapter II that the work of these professionals should, among others, aim to: Uncover the factors in work environments and work practices that may affect the health of workers; participation in the development of programs to improve work practices and to monitore the work-related health of employees.This means that the job of these doctors requires a wide range of knowledge and skills, many of which were not learned during their medical training therefore they should receive specialized training. Moreover, although they are part of the medical profession, they differ because they do not work in a hospital along with. That is why it is considered a unique and complex group and therefore, the interest to explore and analyze the theoretical construction that they drew on their job satisfaction.In terms of job satisfaction, it is defined as a worker's attitude towards their job in terms of the perception of it (Cuadra and Veloso, 2007).GALLUP (2013) reports that in Mexico only 12% of workers are fully satisfied and engaged to their jobs; and that 28% of them definitely dislike their work.Job satisfaction, referenced in a review of surveys for quality of work life (2006-2010), performed annually in Spain, Rico (2012), found that it was higher in women and it was increased by: Job stability; employee's involvement in the company, a good business climate and the balance between work and family life.Qualitative studies on job satisfaction that consider the emic posture, that is the point of view of the actors, also show indicators, but they have different kind of proposals. For example, the study on a French company dedicated to wine and liquors, found that workers at the lower hierarchical level are the ones who perceived the most dissatisfaction because of inadequate salaries; the middle level workers searched mainly their professional development and the intention of a promotion to a higher executive level; and the highest level functionaries considered the non financial satisfactors and their status more important (Galanou et al., 2011).Another qualitative research applied to health personnel in nursing (Cousins and O'Donnell, 2011), concluded that having a greater professional responsibility, such as the power to prescribe drugs, increases the level of stress but also increases the job satisfaction, for being able to work with autonomy and independence. Both, nurses from Alberta, Canada as well as the Spanish building workers, consider their job fun (Reutter and Ford, 1996), because they have wide a variety of tasks and they feel valued, although the latter recognized that their work load is heavy and sometimes highly dangerous (Navarro-Astor et al., 2012).In this study, we applied Grounded Theory that is meant to build theory rather than test theory. …

Evaluación por competencias: contextos de origen y contradicciones pedagógicas

Este artículo presenta los contextos de origen del concepto competencia con el propósito de establecer una versión ampliada que permita reconocer su génesis en la lingüística, su desarrollo en la psicología cognitiva y su inserción al discurso neoliberal en la planificación de los sistemas escolares, desde el Estado hasta las empresas privadas. De esta manera, se propone un ámbito pedagógico que evidencia las contradicciones y posibilidades de este proyecto educativo, en el reconocimiento de la importancia de la evaluación para consolidar tales propuestas. Así, se plantea reemplazar la calificación por la evaluación, las competencias por la actuación, las fronteras disciplinares por la transdisciplinariedad, los tiempos curriculares por el de la indagación, el mundo neoliberal por el de la vida.

Study on Charging Business Operation Model of Electric Vehicle

For the bottleneck of electric vehicle short range and energy supply inconvenience to restrain the fast development of electric vehicle, from the perspective of the electric vehicle power charging model, through analyzing the current situation and developing trend of electric vehicle charging facilities, consulting the existing electric vehicle charging model of advice, and borrowing from the mature business operation model of other domestic industry, one kind of proposal of suitable for the domestic electric vehicle current situation of power supply mode is analyzed. The proposal can provide reference for domestic electric vehicle scale and rapid development.

Analysis of E-Mail Security Events and its Solutions

With the rapid development of internet, E-mail has already been an indispensable tool of communication. However, because of some inherent technological insufficiencies, users’ weak sense of security and attacks from hackers, E-mail using is facing with many challenges such as virus-carrying E-mails and E-mail bombs, which results in severe consequences in terms of E-mail security. On the basis of studies of severe E-mail security events in recent years and with the application of technologies on information security, this paper attempts to give two kinds of proposals to solve problems concerning E-mail security from the perspectives of government, company, university and individual respectively. The first is a general proposal for all E-mail users and the second is a proposal on improving information security technology.

Language learners privilege structured meaning over surface frequency.

Although it is widely agreed that learning the syntax of natural languages involves acquiring structure-dependent rules, recent work on acquisition has nevertheless attempted to characterize the outcome of learning primarily in terms of statistical generalizations about surface distributional information. In this paper we investigate whether surface statistical knowledge or structural knowledge of English is used to infer properties of a novel language under conditions of impoverished input. We expose learners to artificial-language patterns that are equally consistent with two possible underlying grammars--one more similar to English in terms of the linear ordering of words, the other more similar on abstract structural grounds. We show that learners' grammatical inferences overwhelmingly favor structural similarity over preservation of superficial order. Importantly, the relevant shared structure can be characterized in terms of a universal preference for isomorphism in the mapping from meanings to utterances. Whereas previous empirical support for this universal has been based entirely on data from cross-linguistic language samples, our results suggest it may reflect a deep property of the human cognitive system--a property that, together with other structure-sensitive principles, constrains the acquisition of linguistic knowledge.

Religiously Conservative Citizens and the Ideal of Conscientious Engagement: A Comment on Wolterstorff and Eberle

Nicholas Wolterstorff and Christopher J. Eberle have defended the view that the ethics of liberal citizenship allows citizens to publicly support the passage of coercive laws based solely on their religious convictions. They also develop positive conceptions of virtuous citizenship that place moral limits on how citizens may appeal to their religion. The question I address in this essay is whether the limits they impose on citizens’ appeals to their religion are adequate. Since Eberle’s “ideal of conscientious engagement” provides us with the most extensive statement of these limits, it is the primary focus of my attention here. My conclusion is that in its current form, Eberle’s ideal is not constraining enough. In the first section, I argue that Eberle’s ideal does not require citizens to be self-critical enough about their religious and political commitments. In the second section, I highlight a conflict between Eberle’s ideal and the need for citizens to respect the religious freedom of their fellow citizens. I argue that the way to resolve this conflict is to adopt a more fine-grained conception of religious reasons and to hold that citizens should not rely on religious reasons of certain kinds. In the final section, I argue that laws punishing or discouraging homosexual conduct (which Eberle’s ideal would apparently allow) violate what Wolterstorff calls “the Idea of liberal democracy” and so are not the kind of proposal that virtuous citizens can defend.