Kinds Of Pheromone Research Articles

A multi-objective decomposition-based ant colony optimisation algorithm with negative pheromone

ABSTRACT Existing ant colony algorithms only have one kind of pheromone. They use non-dominated solutions to update it while not making use of dominated solutions, which can provide valuable information for guiding the subsequent foraging process. To make full use of dominated solutions, we create a new kind of pheromone temporarily called a negative pheromone and propose a new ant colony optimisation algorithm called NMOACO/D, which combines MOEA/D-ACO with the negative pheromone. Many experiments have been carried out in this study to compare NMOACO/D with MOEA/D-ACO and other algorithms on several bi-objective travelling salesman problems. We demonstrate that NMOACO/D outperforms the MOEA/D-ACO and six different recently proposed related algorithms on all nine test instances. We also evaluate the effect of negative pheromone on the performance of the NMOACO/D. The results in this paper show that correctly making use of the information related to dominated solutions can further improve the ant colony algorithm performance.

Pheromone deposition/updating strategy in a network: using ant colony optimization (ACO) approach

The study and understanding of the social behavior of insects has contributed to the definition of some algorithms that are capable of solving several types of optimization problems. The most important and challenging problems that the ants encounters when routing through a network arc, is their ability to searching for the path with a shorter length as well as to minimize the total cost incurred in the process of routing through the network. In this paper, we introduced some features to the existing Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to help tackle this problem. First, we defined two kinds of pheromone and then we also defined three kinds of heuristic information to guide the searching direction of ants for this bi-criteria problem. Each of the ants uses the heuristic types and the pheromone types in each iteration based on the probability, controlled by two parameters. These two parameters are adaptively adjusted in the process of the algorithm. Second, we used the information of the partial solutions to modify the bias of ants so that inferior choices will be ignored. Finally, we tested the performance of the experimental results of the algorithm in an application under different Deadline constraints and the performance of the algorithm prove to be more promising, for it outperformed the performance of most of the algorithm we downloaded on line.Keywords: Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, Pheromone Deposition, Pheromone Updating strategy, Cost Minimization, Network Routing, Optimization problem.

A TWO-STATE ANT COLONY ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING THE MINIMUM GRAPH BISECTION PROBLEM

The graph bisection problem is an important problem in printed circuit board layout and communication networks. Since it is known to be NP-complete, approximation algorithm have been considered. In this paper, we propose a so-called two-state ant colony algorithm for efficiently solving the problem. In the proposed algorithm two kinds of pheromone and two kinds of heuristic information are introduced to reinforce the search ability. The proposed algorithm is tested on a large number of instances and is compared with a heuristic algorithm and a genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is superior to its competitors.

An Aggregation Pheromone of the German Cockroach Blattella germanica L. (Orthoptera : Blattellidae) : I. Site of the Pheromone Production

Gregariousness has been found in the german cockroach, Blattella germanica L. Young nymphs of the german cockroach aggregate when they are resting. When newly hatched nymphs reared in solitary, the growth and development were delayed. The gregariousness is considered to be favourable for the existence of this insect. The facts that the aggregation was observed even in darkness and that the antennae played an important role for the aggregation suggest that chemical stimuli would be responsible. Active principle responsible for the aggregation was found both in the faeces and in ether washing of the body surface. Ether washing of the posterior portion of the abdomen showed higher activity than the other portions. These results indicate that the active principle would be produced either externaly or internaly in the region of the anus. As the result of histological studies, it was found that the epithelium of the rectum forms six rectal pads consisting of single layer of cells showing glandular nature. Filter papers conditioned with the german cokroaches whose abdominal tips had been amputated did not elicit the response for the aggregation, while those impregnated with methanol extract of the rectums dissected did. It is concluded that the active principle seems to be secreted from the rectal pad cells into the lumen of the rectum when faecal materials are passing, and then excreted with the faeces. The active principle found in the body surface was considered to be of the same origin as found in the faeces, and it adsorbed onto the body surface by its lipid nature. This active principle playing as an attractant for the aggregation seems to be a new kind of pheromone. We offer the term "aggregation pheromone" to this pheromone.