Kinds Of Honey Research Articles

Metabolomics and network pharmacology reveal the mechanism of Castanopsis honey against Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is one of the most virulent and infectious bacteria, severely threatening health and lives of people worldwide. Honey has been proven to have effective capability against GAS, but the underlying metabolites and mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the Castanopsis honey (CH) showed significant antibacterial ability compared to other seven kinds of honey and artificial honey. Furthermore, the antibacterial metabolites and their targets in CH were screened by combined method of metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. The results suggested that the activities of two antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and tyrosyl tRNA synthetase identified as the primary targets, were significantly inhibited by CH, which significantly increased the level of oxidative stress in GAS. The results revealed a possibly novel mechanism regulating the oxidative stress and inhibits the growth in bacteria, providing strong experimental evidence to support the further development of CH as a novel antibacterial agent.

ДИСКУРС ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЯ В ПОЛИКОДОВЫХ ТЕКСТАХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕДИА

The article presents the methods of communicative influence on recipients. A number of issues are considered, in which the methods of communication impact on recipients through media platforms are indicated. Polycode text in media platforms of different formats appears in the form of sensationalism, which is accompanied by a corresponding sound row and a picture. The aim of the work is to consider the communicative impact in the discourse of sensationalism of some media. Traditional and new medas enclose recipients in a communication framework (frames), thanks to which a picture of the world is formed, reflected in the media. Both traditional and new media served as materials for the consideration of the issue presented in the article. Of particular note is the polycode text presented in visual media, since such areas suggest a variety of ways to influence recipients with the help of music, frame changes, and the personality of the communicator. The methodological basis is the idea of the phenomenon of sensationalism discourse, which combines the semiotic aspect of the study of discourse. One of the important components in this kind of honey is the suggestive component, represented in the form of communication codes of a polycode text. The polycode text allows you to influence recipients and thus form their picture of the world. The discourse of modern media platforms is built on a culture of confrontation with each other, since new media touch on topics and often respond to them in a communicative way. New media appear in the form of a huge number of opinions due to the possibility of platforms in the utterance of each participant of communication, which forms a discourse of sensationalism.

Positive effects of dietary honey and aflatoxin B1 on serum enzymes, superoxide dismutase activity, β-glucuronidase enzyme activity, and colonic probiotic bacteria on rats

Dietary honey as a natural product can attenuate the inflammatory process and prevent several diseases. The current research aimed to assess some positive effects of dietary honey and aflatoxin B1 on serum enzymes, superoxide dismutase activity, β-glucuronidase enzyme activity, and colonic probiotic bacteria in rats. Four kinds of honey were coded as NSH, MOH, SIH, and PUH for Nigella sativa, moringa, pumpkin, and Sidr honey, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was daily administered orally for rats with a dose of 200 μg/kg until 90 days. The rat groups’ body weights at the beginning and end of the experiment ranged from 311.29 g to 327.55 g, and 302.97 g to 342.77 g respectively. Dietary honey decreased the values of some serum enzymes and protected the animals from AFB1 hepatotoxicity compared with the positive group (+). The concentrations of liver superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) among rat groups ranged from 19.55 u ·g in MOH+AFB1 rat group to 27.21 u·g in SIH+AFB1 rat group. Dietary honey was reported to defend the liver against aflatoxins and enhance the gut microflora as β-glucuronidase activity and colonic probiotic bacteria in rats.

In Vitro Prebiotic Effects and Antibacterial Activity of Five Leguminous Honeys.

Honey is a natural remedy for various health conditions. It exhibits a prebiotic effect on the gut microbiome, including lactobacilli, essential for maintaining gut health and regulating the im-mune system. In addition, monofloral honey can show peculiar therapeutic properties. We in-vestigated some legumes honey's prebiotic properties and potential antimicrobial action against different pathogens. We assessed the prebiotic potentiality of honey by evaluating the antioxidant activity, the growth, and the in vitro adhesion of Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus intact cells. We also tested the honey's capacity to inhibit or limit the biofilm produced by five pathogenic strains. Finally, we assessed the anti-biofilm activity of the growth medium of probiotics cultured with honey as an energy source. Most probiotics increased their growth or the in vitro adhesion ability to 84.13% and 48.67%, respectively. Overall, alfalfa honey best influenced the probiotic strains' growth and in vitro adhesion properties. Their radical-scavenging activity arrived at 83.7%. All types of honey increased the antioxidant activity of the probiotic cells, except for the less sensitive L. plantarum. Except for a few cases, we observed a bio-film-inhibitory action of all legumes' honey, with percentages up to 81.71%. Carob honey was the most effective in inhibiting the biofilm of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus; it retained almost entirely the ability to act against the bio-film of E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus also when added to the bacterial growth medium instead of glucose. On the other hand, alfalfa and astragalus honey exhibited greater efficacy in acting against the biofilm of Acinetobacter baumannii. Indigo honey, whose biofilm-inhibitory action was fragile per se, was very effective when we added it to the culture broth of L. casei, whose supernatant exhibited an anti-biofilm activity against all the pathogenic strains tested. Conclusions: the five kinds of honey in different ways can improve some prebiotic properties and have an inhibitory biofilm effect when consumed.

Analysis of physicochemical components and antioxidants of four kinds of Guizhou honey

The physicochemical profile composition of four different types of honey samples and their antioxidant activity were analyzed. The physicochemical properties, including fructose, glucose, sucrose, total phenols (TP), flavonoids, insoluble matter, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), amylase, sucrase, and 17 amino acids, and antioxidant power, were determined in four kinds of honey from Guizhou. The results showed significant differences in the physicochemical composition and antioxidant power of different honey samples. Among them, compared with other honey samples, Coptis chinensis Franc honey showed more TP and total phenolic content and a stronger antioxidant capacity. The correlation analysis showed that 5-HMF was negatively correlated with antioxidant indicators, TP, flavonoids, and multiple amino acids, implying that 5-HMF may affect the quality and biological activity of honey. Various amino acids were significantly correlated with antioxidant activity, TP, and flavonoids. Principal component analysis revealed that multiple amino acids played a major role in the first principal component (PC1), which may suggest that amino acids are an important factor in the quality of honey. Taken together, these findings provide a reference for further research on honey quality from different sources and its associated health effects.

Identification of novel unique mānuka honey markers using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics

Mānuka honey is a valuable commodity produced by bees foraging the flowers of Leptospermum scoparium, a bush native to New Zealand and Australia. Due to its high value and proven health benefits, authenticity fraud in the sale of this food is a significant risk, as recounted in the literature. Four compulsory natural products must be present at minimum concentrations to authenticate mānuka honey (3-phenyllactic acid, 2′-methoxyacetophenone, 2-methoxybenzoic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid). However, spiking other kinds of honey with these compounds and/or the dilution of mānuka honey with other varieties may result in fraud going undetected. In this work, liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry and a metabolomics-based strategy has allowed us to tentatively identify 19 natural products –putative mānuka honey markers–, nine of which are reported for the first time. Chemometric models applied to these markers allowed the detection of both spiking and dilution fraud attempts of mānuka honey, even at 75% mānuka honey purity. Thus, the herein-reported methodology can be employed in the prevention and detection of mānuka honey adulteration even at low levels, and the tentatively identified markers presented in this work proved valuable for mānuka honey authentication procedures.

Identification of the botanical origins of honey based on nanoliter electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The botanical origins of honey are important for the quality control and commercialization of honey. In this research, we established a nanoliter electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Nano-ESI-MS) method to identify Castanopsis honey (CH), Eurya honey (EH), Dendropanax dentiger honey (DH), and Triadica cochinchinensis honey (TH). In total, 38 compounds were identified based on the collision-induced dissociation experiments by Nano-ESI-MS with 16 differential compounds and 7 quantified as potential differential markers. These four types of honey were distinguished from each other by their mass spectrometry data combined with multivariate analysis with three out of the 7 differential markers, i.e., phenethylamine, tricoumaroyl spermidine, and (+/–)-abscisic acid, identified as potential markers for CH, EH, and DH, respectively. Both the qualitative and quantitative results derived from Nano-ESI-MS were further verified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Our studies provided the significant potential of the Nano-ESI-MS method in the identification of the botanical origins of different kinds of honey.

Synthesis of cellulose nanofibers-based ImSalophen@Fe3O4 as a green sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols followed by quantification via high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection

An effective, sensitive, relatively-fast and cost-effective method was developed to determine four types of selected chlorophenols (CPs) including 4-cholorophenol, 2,4-dicholorophenol, 2,5-dicholorophenol and 2,4,6-tricholorophenol in several kinds of honey, black tea and bovine milk samples through applying Cellulose Nano-Fiber (CNF)-ImSalophen@Fe3O4. CNF-ImSalophen@Fe3O4 has been synthesized using a very simple, easy, cost-effective, efficient and fast method. First, a magnetic CNF was used as the substrate. Next, imidazole was created on the surface of the magnetic CNF. Thereafter, the Cl-Salophen Schiff base was accommodated on the prepared magnetic CNF-Im. The prepared sorbent was used for the extraction of selected analytes. The extracted analytes were desorbed via organic solvent and analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The strong interactions between the sorbent and the selected analytes (intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions) made this sorbent capable of high extraction performance and capacity. Under the optimized condition, the method linearity was in the range of 0.2–500 µg/L for the selected analytes in water. The calibration curves showed a determination of coefficient higher than 0.9986. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were calculated to be between 0.05–0.14 µg/L and 0.16–0.46 µg/L, respectively. In order to calculate the method precision, the inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were determined to be between 3.2 and 4.7 % in three selected concentrations. Furthermore, the enrichment factors were found to be 36, 31, 33 and 37 for 4-cholorophenol, 2,4-dicholorophenol, 2,5-dicholorophenol and 2,4,6-tricholorophenol, respectively. Moreover, the calculated absolute recoveries were between 62 and 74 %. The proposed method was also employed for the analysis of various real samples such as honey, bovine milk and black tea. The obtained recoveries indicated that the method was useful and applicable in complicated real samples.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN JENIS MADU TERHADAP MASKULINISASI IKAN GUPPY (Poecilia reticulata) MELALUI TEKNIK PERENDAMAN INDUK BUNTING

Sex reversal or gender inflection is a technique aimed at causing the male development of the female sex (masculinization) and masculine gender to females. One of the most often employed intricate sex techniques is masculinity. Generally, the production of single male sex cells involves taking advantage of the hormone steroid as well as natural substances. The purpose of the study is to know the effectiveness of a different kind of honey in the inbreeding of a guppy mother stem stem (Poecilia reticulata) with the percentage of male fish. The study was carried out in fish reproductive laboratories, the department of agriculture, the university of Mataram in April-Juni 2022. The study employed experimental methods of a complete random model (ral) with 4 treatments, namely P0 (control), P1 (forest honey), P2 (cattle honey), and P3 (mangrove honey). Treatment is repeated three times each. An analysis of the gender percentage carried with analysis of variance (anova) and Duncan's test. The take notes that the percentage of the male fish in forest honey, cattle honey, and mangrove honey are produced in successive percentage of the male fish at 84%, 83%, and 95%. The results of a 100% survival rate rate on all treatment, the absolute heavy growth shows the same conservative value of.38-0.39g, and the specific growth of weight indicates a value of 2.86-2.87%. It can thus be deduced that treatment with the use of mangrove honey is the treatment of the highest effectiveness in the direction of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fish.

Hyperspectral Microscopy Technology to Detect Syrups Adulteration of Endemic Guindo Santo and Quillay Honey Using Machine-Learning Tools.

Honey adulteration is a common practice that affects food quality and sale prices, and certifying the origin of the honey using non-destructive methods is critical. Guindo Santo and Quillay are fundamental for the honey production of Biobío and the Ñuble region in Chile. Furthermore, Guindo Santo only exists in this area of the world. Therefore, certifying honey of this species is crucial for beekeeper communities-mostly natives-to give them advantages and competitiveness in the global market. To solve this necessity, we present a system for detecting adulterated endemic honey that combines different artificial intelligence networks with a confocal optical microscope and a tunable optical filter for hyperspectral data acquisition. Honey samples artificially adulterated with syrups at concentrations undetectable to the naked eye were used for validating different artificial intelligence models. Comparing Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Support vector machine (SVM), and Neural Network (NN), we reach the best average accuracy value with SVM of 93% for all classes in both kinds of honey. We hope these results will be the starting point of a method for honey certification in Chile in an automated way and with high precision.

Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Two Types of Honey against Escherichia coli through Interfering with Bacterial Membrane Permeability, Inhibiting Proteins, and Inducing Bacterial DNA Damage.

Honey is a sweet natural food produced by bees from flower nectar or some part of plant secretions that exhibit antimicrobial activity against many microorganisms. It has been used as traditional therapy for skin infections. Antibiotics play an essential role in managing wound infection; however, some pathogenic bacteria have begun to possess resistance against them, which may cause chronic infections and severe adverse effects. This study investigates the antibacterial activities and mechanism of action of Yemeni Sidr honey (SH) and Manuka honey (MH) against Escherichia coli. The inhibitory effects of SH and MH using the disk diffusion method on bacterial growth were remarkable at 700 mg/disk. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were similar for both kinds of honey. However, MH showed a better bactericidal effect (30%) than SH (50%). The antimicrobial mechanism of action showed that SH substantially impacted the bacterial membrane’s permeability and increased the potassium and protein leakage rate. On the contrary, MH demonstrated remarkable inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, while both kinds of honey caused bacterial DNA damage. These data reveal that SH and MH could be used as a remedy for skin infections and might be further developed as a promising dressing for bacterial wound infections.

The Potential of Honey as a Prebiotic Food to Re-engineer the Gut Microbiome Toward a Healthy State.

Honey has a long history of use for the treatment of digestive ailments. Certain honey types have well-established bioactive properties including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, honey contains non-digestible carbohydrates in the form of oligosaccharides, and there is increasing evidence from in vitro, animal, and pilot human studies that some kinds of honey have prebiotic activity. Prebiotics are foods or compounds, such as non-digestible carbohydrates, that are used to promote specific, favorable changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human health and well-being, with disturbances to the balance of these organisms linked to gut inflammation and the development and progression of numerous conditions, such as colon cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and mental health issues. Consequently, there is increasing interest in manipulating the gut microbiota to a more favorable balance as a way of improving health by dietary means. Current research suggests that certain kinds of honey can reduce the presence of infection-causing bacteria in the gut including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Clostridiodes difficile, while simultaneously stimulating the growth of potentially beneficial species, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. In this paper, we review the current and growing evidence that shows the prebiotic potential of honey to promote healthy gut function, regulate the microbial communities in the gut, and reduce infection and inflammation. We outline gaps in knowledge and explore the potential of honey as a viable option to promote or re-engineer a healthy gut microbiome.

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of uniflorous honey from a medicinal plant, Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., and characterization of its chemical profile with UPLC-MS/MS

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAccording to the Compendium of Materia Medica, honey has been used as a traditional medicine in treatment against mucositis, tinea, hemorrhoids and psoriasis. In complementary medicine, due to its significant antimicrobial activity, honey has been widely used as a remedy for skin wounds and gastrohelcosis for thousands of years. Aim of the studyThis study is aimed at exploring the antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of honey sourced from medicinal plants, and revealing the composition-activity relationship, to facilitate their complementary and alternative application in the therapy of bacterial infectious diseases. Materials and methodsEight kinds of medicinal plant-derived uniflorous honey, native to China, were gathered. Their antimicrobial activities were evaluated in vitro, and then in vivo with the systemically infected mouse model and the acute skin infection model. SYTOX uptake assay, scanning electron microscopy, DNA binding assay, and quantitative real-time PCR, were carried out to elucidate the antibacterial mechanisms. This was followed by an investigation of the componential profile with the UPLC-MS/MS technique. ResultsIt was found that Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. (figwort) honey (S. ningpoensis honey) exhibited broad-spectrum and the strongest antibacterial potency (MICs of 7.81–125.00%, w/v), comparable to manuka honey. In the in vivo assays, S. ningpoensis honey significantly decreased the bacterial load of the muscles under the acute MRSA-infected skin wounds; the sera level of TNF-α in the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa-infected mice decreased by 45.38% and 51.75%, respectively, after the treatment of S. ningpoensis honey (125 mg/10 g). It was capable of killing bacteria through disrupting the cell membranes and the genomic DNA, as well as down-regulating the expression of genes associated with virulence, biofilm formation and invasion, including icaA, icaD, eno, sarA, agrA, sigB, fib and ebps in S. aureus, and lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR and algC in P. aeruginosa. Apart from H2O2, some other nonperoxide compounds such as adenosine, chavicol, 4-methylcatechol, trehalose, palmitoleic acid and salidroside, might play a vital role in the antibacterial properties of S. ningpoensis honey. ConclusionsThis is the first study to thoroughly investigate the antibacterial activity, mode of action, and componential profile of S. ningpoensis honey. It suggested that S. ningpoensis honey might be a potential supplement or substitute for manuka honey, for the prevention or treatment of bacterial infections. It will facilitate the precise application of medicinal plant-sourced honey, provide a new thread for the development of antibacterial drugs, and assist in the distinction of different kinds of honey.

Functional Yogurt Fortified with Honey Produced by Feeding Bees Natural Plant Extracts for Controlling Human Blood Sugar Level.

The human blood sugar level is important and should be controlled to avoid any damage to nerves and blood vessels which could lead to heart disease and many other problems. Several market-available treatments for diabetes could be used, such as insulin therapy, synthetic drugs, herbal drugs, and transdermal patches, to help control blood sugar. In a double-blind human study, four kinds of honey from bees fed on acacia, sea buckthorn, chlorella alga, and green walnut extracts were used in fortifying yogurt for controlling human blood sugar. The impact of a previously fortified honey was investigated on blood levels and other parameters of healthy individuals in a human study with 60 participants. The participants received 150 mL of yogurt mixed with 30 g of honey every morning for 21 days. Before and after the study period, the basic blood parameters were tested, and the participants filled out standardized self-report questionnaires. Acacia honey was the traditional honey used as a control; the special honey products were produced by the patented technology. The consumption of green walnut honey had a significant effect on the morning blood sugar level, which decreased for every participant in the group (15 people). The average blood sugar level at the beginning in the walnut group was 4.81 mmol L−1, whereas the value after 21 days was 3.73 mmol L−1. The total decrease level of the individuals was about 22.45% (1.08 mmol L−1). Concerning the sea buckthorn and chlorella alga-based honey product groups, there was no significant change in the blood sugar level, which were recorded at 4.91 and 5.28 mmol L−1 before treatment and 5.28 and 5.07 mmol L−1 after, respectively. In the case of the acacia honey group, there was a slight significant decrease as well, it was 4.77 mmol L−1 at the beginning and 4.27 mmol L−1 at the end with a total decrease rate of 10.48%. It could thus be concluded that the active ingredients of green walnut can significantly decrease the blood sugar level in humans. This study, as a first report, is not only a new innovative process to add herbs or healthy active ingredients to honey but also shows how these beneficial ingredients aid the honey in controlling the human blood sugar level.

DNA-Based Method for Traceability and Authentication of Apis cerana and A. dorsata Honey (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Using the NADH dehydrogenase 2 Gene.

Honey is a widely used natural product and the price of honey from Apis cerana (ACH) and A. dorsata (ADH) is several times more expensive than the one from A. mellifera (AMH), thus there are increasing fraud issues reported in the market by mislabeling or mixing honeys with different entomological origins. In this study, three species-specific primers, targeting the NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) region of honeybee mitochondrial DNA, were designed and tested to distinguish the entomological origin of ACH, ADH, and AMH. Molecular analysis showed that each primer set can specifically detect the ND2 region from the targeted honeybee DNA, but not from the others. The amplicon size for A. cerana, A. dorsata and A. mellifera were 224, 302, and 377 bp, respectively. Importantly, each primer set also specifically produced amplicons with expected size from the DNA prepared from honey samples with different entomological origins. The PCR adulteration test allowed detection of 1% of AMH in the mixture with either ACH or ADH. Furthermore, real-time PCR and melting curve analysis indicated the possible discrimination of origin of honey samples. Therefore, we provide the newly developed PCR-based method that can be used to determine the entomological origin of the three kinds of honey.

Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles from turmeric and kinds of honey: characterisations, antioxidant and photocatalytic dye degradation activities

The environmentally compatible and cost-effective green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) was performed starting from bioactive natural materials, i.e., blossom, pine, chestnut honey, and turmeric extracts. The sizes, surface charges, morphologies, band gap energies, antioxidant, and photocatalytic activities of the synthesised nanoparticles were examined comparatively. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the crystallinity and purity of CeO2-NPs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicated that the CeO2-NPs synthesised have spherical shapes. Particle sizes of honey originated NPs changed as 1.23, 2.61, 3.02 nm for the blossom, chestnut, and pine honey, respectively. NPs obtained from turmeric extract had 6.08 nm particle size. The isoelectric points of CeO2-NPs were about 4 when the starting material was blossom and pine honey. For the chestnut honey and turmeric as starting material, the isoelectric points of NPs were about 6 and 9.5, respectively. The band gap energies changed between 2.80-3.21 eV. All green synthesised nanoparticles exhibited high antioxidant activities according to the DPPH method, changing between 32.4 and 64.5 μg ml−1 as IC50 values. Activity values increased in the order of blossom, pine, chestnut honey, and turmeric. All synthesised NPs reflected the literature antioxidant rankings of the starting natural materials. Thanks to the strong redox property of the CeO2-NPs, high degradation efficiencies (between 83.9 and 93.4%) were obtained for MB under UV light irradiation. The natural starting materials used created differences in the physical and activity properties of the NPs. Green synthesis of CeO2-NPs with new natural materials will expand their usage areas.

Antimicrobial Properties of Different Kinds of Honey and its Benefits

Antimicrobial Properties of Different Kinds of Honey and its Benefits

Synergistic antimicrobial activity of honey combined with silver nanoparticles topically applied in experimentally infected wounds in Wistar albino rats

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show ample antibacterial activities when combining with honey. Aim and Objective: The study was designed to determine the antibacterial activity of different kinds of honey against the common wound pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Bacterial strain was used to inoculate the wound. S. aureus ATCC-25923 was used in the study. Results: Wound infection examination was done by total count of bacterial load. In all three groups, better percentage of the wound closer, histological, blood, and tissue parameters identified in honey combine with AgNPs, showed a synergistic effect. Conclusion: Honey and AgNPs showed synergistic effect. It is recommended to apply both the products together.

Barevnost a obsah některých kovů v medu

The paper highlights the correlations between the results of instrumental colour measurement and the content of certain metals in kinds of honey. Sufficiently close correlations may lead to the development of procedures for the rapid determination of the content of these metals in honey by colour measurement without the need for more demanding sample preparation.

Antagonistic effect of Bacillus subtilis isolated and identified from different honey species against Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens

The search for alternative methods for treating and preventing bee dysbacteriosis is a priority for beekeeping as a branch of veterinary medicine. Lime honey, buckwheat honey, flower honey, forest honey, and acacia honey were tested to evaluate their antagonistic effect against a test culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae species. The study was conducted in several stages: 1. Determine the activity of honey microflora against a pure culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens; 2. The identification and isolation of Bacillus subtilis – bacteria-antagonists against Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens; 3. Determine the antagonistic effect of pure culture of Bacillus subtilis against a pure culture of enterobacteria of Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens. The antagonistic action of honey microorganisms and the determination of the most effective honey species were established by the diffusion method in agar wells. Staining of typical colonies from different types of honey revealed bacillary colonies of Gram-positive bacilli with endospores. Isolation of clean culture was conducted by a method of Gold. The cultural, tinctorial, and morphological signs of bacteria have been consistently determined in all investigated kinds of honey and coincided with characteristics of the Bacellaceae family. Specific belonging of bacteria-competitors was identified by biochemical typing. After determining their physiological properties in reactions and tests (activity of catalase, oxidase, urease, the ability to grow at different temperatures and to ferment carbohydrate substrate), the distinguished stamms of microorganisms from the investigated kinds of honey belong to the type of Bacillus subtilis. The repeated estimation of antagonistic action of pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis (isolated from each type of honey) against a pure culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae species confirmed their high activity. This type of microorganisms can represent the alternative component in probiotics at the therapy of dysbiosis of bees.