Kinds Of Forces Research Articles

Conceptual Coherence and Dominant Misconceptions in the Concept of Force among Higher Education Students through the Administration of the Force Concept Inventory

The paper reported here is a part of a larger 8000 student survey to determine the common misconceptions regarding Newtonian mechanics among Bhutanese students. The force concept inventory was used as a diagnostic instrument to probe students’ misconceptions regarding the concept of force in physics. The objective of the research was to determine the extent to which student scores demonstrated conceptual coherence, Newtonian thinking, and identify dominant misconceptions. Data was collected from university students majoring in physics (N = 40), year I and year IV pre-service teachers (N=155), by administering the questionnaire face-to-face. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results suggests that students are not able to consistently apply Newtonian mechanics, and none have reached the Newtonian thinking threshold. Dominant misconceptions were identified in relation to kinematics, Newton’s first, second, and third laws of motion, superimposition principle, and kinds of force. Pre-service teacher educators, university lecturers, and curriculum developers should invest time and resources in identifying and addressing the misconceptions.

A new multipolar order: combined development, state forms and new business classes

Abstract What are the key social forces and interests that underpin an emerging multipolar world? Existing research oscillates between the retreat of the liberal international order and the rise of the rest, which remains trapped in a form of geopolitical fetishism. These explanations tell us little about the kinds of forces that are driving a more fragmented and disordered global order. In this article, we suggest going beyond this by fleshing out the underlying social class relations that this new emerging order is based on. At the core of it is the emergence of a new business class—fraction of capital—that in turn sustains what we call competing regulatory geographies. The latter are internalized within state institutions and policies and have reconsolidated a combination of state and market-led industrial policy. Empirically, we also show how these dynamics unfold in key non-core states. In highlighting this particularly potent dynamic of the contemporary global order, this article calls for policy-makers to better recognize the internal contestation within states that shapes and is shaped by combined capitalist development.

Size-progressively-reduced FeCoNi@C nanoparticles spatially confined within polypyrrole-derived hollow carbon nanoboxes against electromagnetic contamination

Pyrolytic prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are usually faced with serious agglomeration problem, which restrains their application in the field of microwave absorption to some extent. Given that polymer-based encapsulating layer is propitious for resolving the above issue, herein, with the assistance of polypyrrole (Ppy), a series of carbon-coated FeCoNi alloy nanoparticles (FeCoNi@C) spatially confined within hollow carbon nanoboxes (HCNB) are successfully fabricated using FeCoNi PBAs@Ppy with core–shell structure as the precursors. By quantitatively manipulating the thickness of Ppy encapsulating layer, it is found that there exists a competitive correlation between two kinds of forces with opposite directions under high-temperature inert atmosphere, eventually resulting in distinguishable differences in the configurations of derivatives. Specifically, if the thermal-induced inward contraction (FC) of the inner FeCoNi PBAs core is stronger than the heterointerface interaction (FI) provided by interfacial carbon layer derived from the outer Ppy shell, the derivative will exhibit yolk-shell microstructure, and otherwise, the architecture with hollow configuration can be created. When the thickness of Ppy encapsulating layer is optimized, the resultant yolk-shell sample with moderate Ppy-derived carbon content (ca. 32.6 wt%) delivers a broad maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) value of 5.8 GHz and a desirable minimum reflection loss (RL) intensity of − 52.4 dB, which mainly benefit from its eligible impedance matching characteristic and the synergistic effect of dielectric and magnetic losses. It is believed that this work will enrich the pertinent researches about microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) with outstanding performance derived from polymer-encapsulated PBAs.

Misconceptions of High School Students on Motion and Force Using the Force Concept Inventory (FCI)

This research aims to identify high school students' misconceptions regarding motion and force using the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) instrument. This study used a quantitative method with respondents of 108 students in class XI science. Misconception data was obtained using FCI in the form of multiple-choice questions. There are 30 questions with five options. The results showed that a total of 46 out of 108 students (19.44%) answered 8 to 11 questions correctly, 41 students (37.96%) answered 5 to 7 questions correctly and the other 21 students (42.59%) only answered 2 to 4 questions correctly. The conclusion is students had misconceptions about the concepts of motion and force, especially on topics such as kinematics, Newton's laws, the principle of superposition, and kinds of force. This research implies the importance of understanding students' misconceptions in developing physics curricula and learning strategies in high schools. It is hoped that the research results can provide information to teachers about students' conceptual understanding so that appropriate learning strategies can be developed to correct students' misconceptions in learning.

The Decree Culture of Greek Sanctuaries (Delos, Delphi, the Amphiareion at Oropos and Elsewhere): The Epigraphic Dimension

Abstract: In this article, I explore the so-called “decree cultures” of selected Greek sanctuaries by studying the chronological distribution of inscribed public decrees at Delos, Delphi and the Amphiareion at Oropos. The employment of quantitative methods will allow for the careful analysis of the chronological distribution of decrees displayed within the sacred space and to compare them to public documents erected in civic spaces. Interesting questions to consider are whether local decree habits were consistent with or departed from broader practices in Greek sanctuaries, and what kind of forces and intentions lay behind the setting up of decrees in sanctuaries in the first place.

Divine trauma: Schizophrenia and unresolved realities in South India

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between schizophrenia, divine encounters, and therapeutics based on ethnographic research in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Contributing to a long history of single‐subject ethnographies in psychological anthropology, this article narrates the events leading up to the diagnosis and the emerging life worlds post‐diagnosis of an interlocutor I call Dhruv. I depart from symbolic constructions of the divine to an affective divine, a kind of force that enters and alters embodied existence. Following scholars who call for theories that move beyond Western metropolitan epistemologies, I draw upon the Bhagavad Gita, a poetic scripture from the Hindu tradition, as a form of psychological theory to contend how an encounter with the divine might be too much to bear, even traumatic. In doing so, the article offers an alternative entry point to the commonly held assumption of the therapeutic efficacy of divine encounters and religious sites in India.

China’s Transition to Collective Labor Relations: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Mechanisms

Abstract The article analyzes the development, characteristics, and tendency of China’s labor relations and the labor movement in recent years. It points out that China has begun the transition from individual labor relations to collective labor relations with the strike wave in the summer of 2010 as the main turning point. In the process of transformation, there are two kinds of forces and two ways to accomplish the labor movement. One is the top-down labor union movement led by the authorities within the system; the other is the bottom-up labor movement formed spontaneously by workers outside the system. The article particularly analyzes the emergence of, and mutual relationship between these two types of transition, as well as their influence and significance on China’s labor relations.

Mathematical immunology: processes, models and data assimilation

The immune system is a complex multiscale multiphysical object. Understanding its functioning in the frame of systemic analysis implies the use of mathematical modelling, formulation of data consistency criterion, estimation of parameters, uncertainty analysis, and optimal model selection. In this work, we present some promising approaches to modelling the multi-physics immune processes, i.e., cell migration in lymph nodes (LN), lymph flow, homeostatic regulation of immune responses in chronic infections.
 To describe the spatial-temporal dynamics of immune responses in lymph LN, we propose a model of lymphocyte migration, based on the second Newtons law and considering three kinds of forces. The empirical distributions of three lymphocytes motility characteristics were used for model calibration using the KolmogorovSmirnov metric.
 Prediction of lymph flow in a lymph node requires costly computations, due to diversity of sizes, forms, inner structure of LNs and boundary conditions. We proposed an approach to lymph flow modelling based on replacing the full-fledged computational physics-based model with an artificial neural network (ANN), trained on the set of pre-formed results computed using an initial mechanistic model. The ANN-based model reduces the computational time for some lymph flow characteristics by four orders of magnitude.
 Calibration of MarchukPetrov model of antiviral immune response for SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed. To this end, we used previously published data on the viral load kinetics in nasopharynx of volunteers, and data on the observed ranges of interferon, antibodies and CTLs in the blood. The parameters, which have the most significant impact at different stages of infection process, were identified.
 Inhibition of immune mechanisms, e.g., T cell exhaustion, is a distinctive feature of chronic viral infections and malignant diseases. We propose a mathematical model for the studies of regulation parameters of four exhausted T cell subsets in order to examine the balance of their proliferation and differentiation determined by interaction with SIRPa+ PD-L1+ and XCR+1 dendritic cells. The model parameters are evaluated, in order to study the reinvigoration effect of aPD-L1 therapy on the homeostasis of exhausted cells.

Electrochemical catalyst 4-Acetamido-TEMPO oxidation degumming of scutched flax tow (SFT): Promoting of lignin depolymerization and restraining of cellulose degradation

Bast fiber degumming can be achieved in TEMPO/NaClO/NaBr, TEMPO/laccase system, however, large amounts of harmful chemicals and/or expensive enzymes used in these systems caused high pressure on the environment and economic cost. To solve this problem, electrochemical catalyst TEMPO system (ECTS) was established for the degumming of scutched flax tow. Results showed that successful degumming could be achieved under the assisting method which could provide shearing force to the system (e.g., stirring, shaking, etc.), but could not be achieved with assisting method providing other kinds of force (e.g., ultrasound, electrode covering, etc.). The use of proton exchange membrane could improve the degumming efficiency. The reaction efficiency of ECTS decreased in the order of NHPI > 4- Acetamido -TEMPO > TEMPO; working electrode material of titanium ruthenium iridium > graphite > glassy carbon; and the rising of working electrode area. Under the optimal reaction condition (5 × 5 cm2 graphite flake working electrode, shaking speed 700 rpm, 0.2 mol/L 4- Acetamido -TEMPO, 0.25 mol/L electrolyte, pH 11.0, 2.1 V, 120 min, 85 °C), the cellulose content, lignin content, tenacity of the resulted SFT reached 82.3%, 1.8% and 1200 N/g, respectively. The waste water COD value of ECTS was 61.7% lower than that of TEMPO/NaClO/NaBr degumming, and similar with that of TEMPO/laccase degumming.

Sustainable digitalisation and implementation of ISO standards for facilities management

PurposeThis viewpoint paper aims to discuss sustainable digitalisation of facilities management (FM) through the implementation of the newly recognised International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards within the ISO 41000 series.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint paper provides a review of the literature of the recent ISO documents and academic study. The content is also dependent on the authors’ opinions and interpretation.FindingsFM is currently shifting emphasis towards a strategic focus through the adoption of the new recognised international ISO standards that consider sustainable digitalisation in business decisions. However, the FM sector is encountering potential risks to the implementation of the new recognised international ISO standards. Digitalisation is one kind of force that has shaped the management of the built environment and FM recently and rapidly, especially in the Covid-19 period. This is impacting the FM industry. As standardisation aims at establishing a constantly evolving baseline of proven practices, standardisation can be considered a part of sustainable FM. It is believed that standardised and strategic level support is crucial for the smooth adoption of sustainable FM practices and processes. Standards such as the ISO standards, applied to the global FM industry, help in objectively quantifying the added value of FM to the core business. Advanced technology and digitalisation can contribute to the sustainability of any profession and industry, but it also requires a community to tackle the problems.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the FM industry by making recommendations for improvement in the use of digitalisation. In summary, the significant finding of this viewpoint paper is that digitalisation offers both possibilities and problems in the application of the new recognised international ISO standards within the FM industry.

PREACHING TO GOD, THE CHURCH, AND THE POWERS ACCORDING TO CHARLES L. CAMPBELL: AN IMPERIAL READING ON THE LETTERS OF COLOSSIAN AND EPHESIANS

This paper explores the issue of preaching to God, the Church, and the powers presented by Charles L. Campbell, where we learn that reading and interpreting Colossians and Ephesians (and indeed the whole New Testament) through the lens of Empire opens up the depths of interpretation and understanding which is not obvious, otherwise. What the New Testament writers penned spoke to the world around them, including the visual cues (art, temples, monuments, coins, festivals), values, politics, economics, faith (especially Emperor cult worship), and the realities of daily life within the Roman Empire. The New Testament writers understood the existence of the three powers (God, the Church, and the spirits or powers). Their daily lives were shaped by all kinds of forces that befall them, and the reality of these forces permeates their writing. The ultimate purpose is we are invited to examine (discern), enumerate, and speak loudly against the rulers, spirits in the air, and the governments of injustice that rule in this world with the power of the one ruler, the Way, which has another Kingdom overcoming the imperial Empire.

Theonyms of the Highest Pantheon in Folklore Texts of the Altaians

This article reveals the semantics and origin of theonyms of the highest pantheon of the pagan tradition of the Altaians (Teleuts, Telengits, Altai-Kizhi, Chalkans, Tubalars, and Kumandins) on the basis of folklore material. The relevance of the study is associated with an increased interest in Tengrian religion among the modern peoples of the Altaic language family. The innovative character of the research lies in the application of the ethnolinguistic onomastic approach to the study of theonyms of the Altaians. The main research method is a descriptive method based on the contextual and semantic analysis of theonyms. Particular attention is paid to the internal form and origin of theonyms. The author concludes that the highest pantheon among the Altaians was formed on the basis of the cult of the sky and represents the personification of the heavenly elements, which is akin to many developed mythological systems of antiquity. Teheri ‘Sky’ stands out as the Supreme God belonging to the Upper world. The subject of deification in Altai folklore was the idea of natural elements and cosmic phenomena, which are a kind of force that can affect a person’s life. The personification of various qualities and parts of the sky was reflected in various names of celestial deities, the constituent parts of which contain the lexeme Teheri ‘Sky’. Some theonyms appeared because of the personification of celestial phenomena: thunder, lightning, and hail. The author notes that the process of identifying various deities embodying various attributive qualities and characteristics of the supreme god seems to be a historically later stage in the development of polytheism than the time of the appearance of the idea of the one god Teheri ‘Sky’. With the adoption of the ideas of other world religions (Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity) and shamanism with its polytheism in the culture of the Turkic-Mongolian peoples, the status of the deities of the Upper World was ranked, including the status of the supreme god Teheri ‘Sky’, which was replaced by other theonyms.

Different effects of external force fields on aging Lévy walk.

Aging phenomena have been observed in numerous physical systems. Many statistical quantities depend on the aging time ta for aging anomalous diffusion processes. This paper pays more attention to how an external force field affects the aging Lévy walk. Based on the Langevin picture of the Lévy walk and the generalized Green-Kubo formula, we investigate the quantities that include the ensemble- and time-averaged mean-squared displacements in both weak aging ta≪t and strong aging ta≫t cases and compare them to the ones in the absence of any force field. Two typical force fields, constant force F and time-dependent periodic force F(t)=f0sin⁡(ωt), are considered for comparison. The generalized Einstein relation is also discussed in the case with the constant force. We find that the constant force is the key to causing the aging phenomena and enhancing the diffusion behavior of the aging Lévy walk, while the time-dependent periodic force is not. The different effects of the two kinds of forces on the aging Lévy walk are verified by both theoretical analyses and numerical simulations.

Intercultural Education in Trying Times - Cases of Rabindranath Tagore and Janusz Korczak -

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) and Janusz Korczak (1878(9)-1942), an Asian and a European, developed their educational approaches and initiated their educational experiments as colonized subjects, living under foreign occupation. In their works, created in such circumstances, they both stress the importance of freedom and independence (spiritual, cultural, intellectual, political etc.), equality, tolerance, forgiveness, compassion, and sympathy as the constituting principles of the proposed models of education which were universal in spirit. But most of all, both underlined the supremacy of mutual respect and sensitive, respectful communication over every kind of force, whether psychological or physical. The aim of the paper is to reflect on selected educational ideas of these two 20th century personalities of Asia and Europe to show that the educational methods of both Tagore and Korczak realised the constitutive principles of culture, with an attempt to suggest possible reasons for their impact in both Korea and Poland.

A Conversation with … Cecilia Aragon PhD, Champion Aerobatic Pilot, on Grace Under Pressure.

A Conversation with … Cecilia Aragon PhD, Champion Aerobatic Pilot, on Grace Under Pressure.

Study of the surgical needle and biological soft tissue interaction phenomenon during insertion process for medical application: A Survey.

The insertion of the surgical needle in soft tissue has involved significant interest in the current time because of its purpose in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and percutaneous events like biopsies, PCNL, and brachytherapy. This study represents a review of the existing condition of investigation on insertion of a surgical needle in biological living soft tissue material. As observes the issue from numerous phases, like, analysis of the cutting forces modeling (insertion), tissue material deformation, analysis of the needle deflection for the period of the needle insertion, and the robot-controlled insertion procedures. All analysis confirms that the total needle insertion force is the total of dissimilar forces spread sideways the shaft of the insertion needle for example cutting force, stiffness force, and frictional force. Various investigations have analyzed all these kinds of forces during the needle insertion process. The force data in several measures are applied for recognizing the biological tissue materials as the needle is penetrated or for path planning. The deflection of the needle during insertion and tissue material deformation is the main trouble for defined needle placing and efforts have been prepared to model them. Applying existing models numerous insertion methods are established that are discussed in this review.

Cooking at Home.com

Abstract: We all know that food is necessary for all living beings to survive provides us energy to do work and in maintaining good health. Not every human being knows to make food he or she has to take help from other persons or newspaper and various other resources to know the recipe of food. With the help of technology and science we can easily get the recipe of certain food online. This will help human beings to make different kind of force without help of others and without any cost. In this project HTML, CSS, SASS, AWS, node, JavaScript technology used tools and services are used to make the recipe available to person. Keywords: cooking, home, food preparation, diet, health.

A quantum chemical study of the interaction of carboxylic acids with DMSO

Quantum chemical computational methods, which use quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics theory, have developed rapidly in the past few decades, and quantum chemical computation has penetrated almost all fields of chemistry. Hydrogen bonds are ubiquitously common weak intermolecular interactions. Moreover, the bonding mechanism of hydrogen bonds is considered to be different from that of chemical bonding. Because of the difficulty of experimental studies, a more accurate calculation of hydrogen bonding from theory is a more convenient and direct method to understand hydrogen bonding. Density functional theory (DFT) is the most widely used general function in quantum chemical calculations, giving accurate results for most chemical systems. In this paper, the geometries of the hydrogen-bonded dimer complex of acetic acid and DMSO was structurally optimized and potential energy surface was determined. The geometries of four related hydrogen-bonded dimer complexes were fully optimized using the M06-2X/6-311++G (3d, 2p) exchange-correlation functional with DFT-D3(BJ) empirical dispersion correction. We found that hydrogen bonding is a mixture of electrostatic interactions and covalent bonding, and that hydrogen bonding is a kind of force with different percentages of electrostatic and covalent character, rather than a special force independent of chemical bonding. Thus, more clearly defining our inherent classification of forces between substances provides a new perspective for our future study of weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding.

Intra-Annual Sea Level Fluctuations and Variability of Mesoscale Processes in the Northern Japan/East Sea From Satellite Altimetry Data

Intra-annual sea level fluctuations and variability of mesoscale processes based on eddy kinetic energy (EKE) were studied in the northern (northward of 41 N) Japan/East Sea (JES) using data from satellite altimetry for 1993–2020. Decomposition to empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) was performed of the high-pass filtered, with the cut-off period of 250 days, sea level anomalies. The leading mode accounting for the major fraction of the variance yielded sea level fluctuations which were simultaneous in the entire sea and occurred in the range from 70 to 250 days without any preferable timescale. EKE in the northern sea was also expanded to EOF and yielded the leading mode capturing mesoscale variability within the Primorye (Liman) Current and the Tsushima Warm Current. The seasonal signal was found in the simultaneous intra-annual sea level fluctuations, which matches that of EKE, and, as found in the earlier studies, of the mean currents. The sea level rises, the mean currents intensify and EKE increases in summer and fall and the opposite changes occur in winter and spring, with the seasonal extremes in October/November and March/April, respectively. This is in line with the EKE generation by instability of the mean currents. The intra-annual sea level fluctuations and EKE manifest rich variability on quasi-biennial, interannual and decadal timescales. However, in contrast with the seasonal signal, the low-frequency variability does not match, implying different kinds of forcing, probably by local wind in the northern JES and by the transport variations in the Korea – Tsushima Strait (KTS) in the southern JES. Intra-annual simultaneous SLA reveal changing relationship with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO): both were in-phase in 1993–1994 and from late 2007 to 2013 and out-of-phase from 1997 to 2002, while there was no specific relationship in other times. However, the relationship of these SLA with the interannual KTS transport variation seems inconclusive.

Force and energy analysis of single-piston free-piston expander—linear generator

The movement of piston in free-piston expander-linear generator (FPE-LG) mainly depends on the dynamic force balance among four kinds of forces (air impetus, air resistance, electromagnetic resistance and frictional resistance). In this paper, the Newton's Second Law and the first law of thermodynamics are used to analyze the single-piston FPE-LG, the change of four kinds of forces and work produced by the four kinds of forces are analyzed. Nominal work-electricity conversion loss coefficient is proposed for the firs time to represent the energy loss. The experiment results show that the work produced by four forces from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC) are higher than those from BDC to TDC. The minimum proportion of air resistance energy consumption is also more than 50%, the proportion of electromagnetic resistance energy consumption is less than 20%, and the proportion of frictional resistance energy consumption is more than 20%. Therefore, the total nominal work-electricity conversion loss can be effectively reduced by increasing intake time or intake pressure.