Kind Of Discrimination Research Articles

Music support for gender equality campaigns

Can music be a force for gender equality? With the development of time, people’s attention to gender equality has gradually increased, and many efforts have been made to change the various kinds of discrimination that have existed for a long time. What role does music play in these efforts? This thesis explores the role of music in promoting gender equality, gives examples of musicians and musical works that have had a significant impact on gender equality, and analyses how these examples have challenged and changed gender stereotypes. Through case studies and literature analysis, the paper also explores the role of music education in fostering gender equality awareness, analysing in-depth the various parts of the music industry from a number of perspectives, including creation, performance, advocacy and education. It is found that music not only reflects social change, but also positively contributes to the process of gender equality. These findings are intended to inform future research and practice and to promote the further development of the potential of music as a tool for social change.

Private discrimination, marriage markets, and caste

AbstractAnti‐discrimination laws draw a distinction between two kinds of discrimination by non‐state actors. Intimate choices are protected even if they are morally wrong. For example, even if it is morally wrong to discriminate on the basis of race in deciding whom to date, marry or befriend, anti‐discrimination laws permit these acts. By contrast, commercial decisions are commonly regulated. I argue that the reasons for regulating commercial decisions also extend to an intermediate case, commercial facilitators of marriage choices. In the context of the caste system, I argue that commercial facilitators should be banned from allowing customers to filter by caste. The argument is based on two considerations. First, this could mitigate the harmful effects of such discriminatory marriages choices in the (re)production of the oppressive caste system. Second, even if the ban fails in changing behaviour, it serves as an expressive goal of communicating the state's opposition to the caste system.

Female blind baseball players against gender discrimination: the "red diamonds" experience.

Sport has the well-known power of improving body awareness, self-esteem, and social interaction, thus promoting quality of life and psychophysical wellbeing. Specifically referring to adapted disciplines, habitual practice often becomes an effective integration and self-efficacy booster. Among disabilities, visual impairment deeply alters body image perception, autonomy, and environmental/social interaction heavily reducing sport or leisure involvement opportunities. In particular, visually impaired women represent one of the most vulnerable categories to gender and disability discrimination. Moreover, even when congenitally sightless, they perceive social pressure of mainstream beauty ideals, mostly spread by media, comparable to their sighted peers. On these premises and the previously demonstrated psychophysical benefits of Italian blind baseball practice on this target population, the present study aimed to deepen the social and educative potentialities of such adapted sport applying a more sociological research approach. The "red diamonds" event, namely, the first ever female blind baseball match, was the setting for the administration of our structured online survey. In detail, our survey comprised different evaluation tools such as the 18-item Psychological Well-Being Scale, the 12-item Short Form questionnaire, the Dresden Body Image questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and sociological model designed questions. Quality of life, psychological wellbeing, self-esteem, body image, and perceived female sport psychological violence were investigated in the whole women sample (n = 33) voluntarily adhering to the game. Survey results revealed no statistically significant differences between visually impaired players (n = 13; mean age: 32.84 ± 12.05 years) and sighted on-field subjects (i.e., coaches, assistants, and referees; n = 20; mean age: 47.15 ± 12.31 years) in almost all the inquired variables, thus remarking the social and functional benefits of adapted sport through the "dual embodiment" and empowerment phenomenon. Given that the event was inspired by and performed on the World Day against women violence, our study deepened not only the topic of disability discrimination but also the currently alarming gender-related one. In such a context, the present research might provide interesting cues for further investigations on disability and gender disparities in sports, hence spreading interest in this under-investigated field. In perspective, the "red diamonds" experience could also contribute to inspiring and progressively developing educative tools against any kind of discrimination by promoting integration and social growth through regular sports practice.

The Transformers: The Conflicts between Humans and Cyborgs and the Resulting Discrimination

In this study, I want to analyze a movie that came from a series made by Hasbro, which is titled Transformers. In my study, I found out that the conflict between the human characters and the cyborg characters in the movie revolve around discrimination which is caused by the conflict itself. I would also like to explore what are the kinds of discrimination within the movie so that I can determine the cause of it and with the research, to learn about not to discriminate. For the analysis of my study, I will use the theory of Posthumanism by Cary Wolfe, which implies that the process of Posthuman transformation includes cyborg enhancements to improve the capabilities of human beings. I also found that from these so-called cyborg enhancements, comes discrimination from the people who think negatively towards the process of the enhancements, and thus discriminate against them.

GENDER DISCRIMINATION

Over the course of the last several years, there has been a significant amount of attention paid to the grave issue of women in India misusing the judicial system. The fact that women in India are often subjected to discrimination and do not have equal rights and opportunities contributes to the existence of gender bias in many aspects of Indian society. However, the fact that women often take advantage of the judicial system just helps to exacerbate the gender bias that already exists. Throughout the history of the legal system, there have been several instances of women attaining their objectives, sometimes at the expense of men. This behaviour is not only inappropriate from a moral standpoint, but it also goes against the Constitution. In the Indian Constitution, there is no section that specifically addresses the issue of gender equality. Over the course of its history, the Constitution has been subjected to several amendments in order to ensure that women are afforded equal legal protection. It is a fundamental human right to ensure that women are protected from any kind of discrimination, regardless of circumstances. Despite this, prejudice against women continues to exist in many aspects of society, such as the marriage market, the job, and educational institutions. In India, the most prevalent instances of women misusing the judicial system are those that include domestic violence and offences involving dowries. According to Indian law, crimes that include dowries are considered to be of a criminal character and entail criminal consequences. Instead, women often create charges of dowry harassment against their husbands or in-laws in order to achieve what they want in a divorce or property dispute. This is done in order to get what they want. Because of this misuse, men are deprived of the rights that are rightfully theirs, in addition to eroding the value of the law. To add insult to injury, when confronted with charges of domestic violence, law enforcement officers often do nothing, so allowing the perpetrators of the abuse to take the blame. This violates not just the rights of the victims but also sends the message that violence against women is acceptable. One of the most significant issues that has to be addressed is the fact that women in India are misusing the judicial system. In accordance with the provisions of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees gender equality, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure that women are afforded equal rights and opportunities. It is imperative that we take precautions to prevent women from exploiting the legal system and to ensure that they are afforded enough protection against discrimination on the basis of their gender. Furthermore, individuals who are culpable for this crime should be subjected to the full force of the law, and victims of gender-based violence should get proper assistance and protection while they are victims.

Digital Empowerment:Transforming Rural Women through Digital Marketing Skills in the District of Fatehgarh Sahib

Women empowerment means giving equal power and opportunities to women as men without any kind of discrimination. The role of NGOs has shifted from merely ‘gap-filling’ to ‘capacity building and empowerment’. Mehar Baba Charitable Trust, Bassi Pathana, Punjab, India has beenselected by CFLI1for the project. This project has helped women in many ways to lead from the front and be part of decision-making at the local level. This project aimed at empowering rural women in Fatehgarh Sahib through the acquisition of digital marketing skills.The study is based on primary and secondary sources of data collection. The present study analyses and evaluates the implementation of the project and itsimpact on the society. The findings highlight that involving stakeholders from the mobilization to follow-up processes has a long-term impact on society as a whole. Women broke the chains of their traditional roles and stepped out of their four walls to learn new skills and set an example for other women in society. By assessing the current knowledge and challenges faced by these women, a tailored training program was developed and implemented. Additionally, it explored the role of mentorship and support networks in sustaining their success. The findings from this research will inform future scalability and replication of the project in other regions

GENDER DISCRIMINATION

Over the course of the last several years, there has been a significant amount of attention paid to the grave issue of women in India misusing the judicial system. The fact that women in India are often subjected to discrimination and do not have equal rights and opportunities contributes to the existence of gender bias in many aspects of Indian society. However, the fact that women often take advantage of the judicial system just helps to exacerbate the gender bias that already exists. Throughout the history of the legal system, there have been several instances of women attaining their objectives, sometimes at the expense of men. This behaviour is not only inappropriate from a moral standpoint, but it also goes against the Constitution. In the Indian Constitution, there is no section that specifically addresses the issue of gender equality. Over the course of its history, the Constitution has been subjected to several amendments in order to ensure that women are afforded equal legal protection. It is a fundamental human right to ensure that women are protected from any kind of discrimination, regardless of circumstances. Despite this, prejudice against women continues to exist in many aspects of society, such as the marriage market, the job, and educational institutions. In India, the most prevalent instances of women misusing the judicial system are those that include domestic violence and offences involving dowries. According to Indian law, crimes that include dowries are considered to be of a criminal character and entail criminal consequences. Instead, women often create charges of dowry harassment against their husbands or in-laws in order to achieve what they want in a divorce or property dispute. This is done in order to get what they want. Because of this misuse, men are deprived of the rights that are rightfully theirs, in addition to eroding the value of the law. To add insult to injury, when confronted with charges of domestic violence, law enforcement officers often do nothing, so allowing the perpetrators of the abuse to take the blame. This violates not just the rights of the victims but also sends the message that violence against women is acceptable. One of the most significant issues that has to be addressed is the fact that women in India are misusing the judicial system. In accordance with the provisions of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees gender equality, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure that women are afforded equal rights and opportunities. It is imperative that we take precautions to prevent women from exploiting the legal system and to ensure that they are afforded enough protection against discrimination on the basis of their gender. Furthermore, individuals who are culpable for this crime should be subjected to the full force of the law, and victims of gender-based violence should get proper assistance and protection while they are victims.

Gender equality and justice in labor law

Introduction. Ensuring gender equality and equity is one of the main conditions for an individual to realize the right to work granted by the State. Formation of mechanisms for implementing and guaranteeing gender equality in the field of employment is one of the priority tasks of the State. Therefore, it is the implementation of these circumstances that can ensure a real opportunity for everyone to realize the right to work and the ability to earn a living by work, thereby meeting their physical, spiritual and other needs. Therefore, any kind of discrimination, including gender discrimination, is unacceptable in this area. Problem Statement. The lack of fostering a culture of gender equality is one of the reasons why society does not perceive gender discrimination as a problem, which leads to violations of the right to work and its derivative rights. Relevance. The problem of gender discrimination is relatively new for Ukraine. The process of implementing and ensuring gender equality was actualized with the signing of the Association Agreement, according to which Ukraine committed itself to ensuring gender equality in all areas, including employment. Gender equality means equal rights for men and women, equal opportunities to exercise them and receive certain benefits, which is a defining feature of a legal, social state in which the principle of equality of citizens and the rule of law is in place. Objective. To analyze the level of the problem caused by gender discrimination in the field of employment. To study the content, significance and impact of the principle of gender equality on the state of realization of labor rights by men and women. Methods. To achieve the stated research objective, the article uses general scientific methods (deduction, induction, synthesis, analysis) and special scientific research methods (formal legal and comparative legal). The main results of the study. Men and women are not equal in their capabilities, abilities and needs. However, a legal, social state, such as Ukraine, must ensure that everyone, regardless of gender, has the opportunity to freely choose the field of work, develop freely, receive decent pay for their work, appropriate protection, taking into account the characteristics and needs of men and women, and generally promote respect for men's work and women's work and equalize the roles of men and women in society. In this regard, ensuring gender equality is a societal need, which is conditioned, on the one hand, by the fact of gender discrimination in the field of employment, and, on the other hand, by the need of each person to fully enjoy the benefits provided for by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. Conclusions. The value of a person, the ability of a person to fully realize his or her labor rights, freedoms, interests, and receive benefits cannot be determined by his or her gender and depend on gender.

Analysis of the symptoms and causes of the postpartum depression

Women still face many different kinds of discrimination in today's culture, despite the fact that there has been significant progress made toward achieving gender equality. Women, in comparison to their male counterparts, are subjected to increased societal demands, with the pressures encountered by mothers being particularly obvious. These pressures can be broken down into three categories: economic, political, and cultural. As a result of the prevalence of societal expectations, which commonly acts as a trigger for the development of postpartum depression, many women experience both physical and psychological changes during the course of their pregnancies and during the postpartum period. It has been noticed that some women suffer from postpartum depression. In light of the frequency with which this phenomenon occurs, the purpose of this study will be to conduct research in the form of a literature review in order to investigate and acquire a full understanding of the various elements that may lead to the development of postpartum depression.

Exploring Character Education and Anti-Racism in Abdoel Moeis’s Novels and Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”: A Comparative Literary Analysis

The purpose of this research is to describe the racial discrimination found in the first and second novels, to describe the similarities and differences of racial discrimination found in both novels and the application of character education values without racial discrimination. The type of research used is qualitative research using a comparative descriptive method. The data in this study are sentences that contain forms of discrimination. Sentences that contain racial discrimination are obtained through the utterances or utterances of the narrator, the utterances or utterances of the characters, and the actions of the characters in both novels. Data collection techniques using reading and note techniques. The data validation technique uses triangulation techniques. Data analysis techniques using descriptive techniques. The results of the study show that both novels have similarities and differences, there are three kinds of discrimination, namely ethnocentrism discrimination (attitudes comparing cultures), xenophobic discrimination (hate and dislike), stereotype discrimination (generalizing attitudes towards a group). The similarities between these two novels are the setting in which racial discrimination occurred during the colonial era and the victims of racial discrimination, namely the natives themselves. The difference between the two novels is the setting where racial discrimination occurs. The setting in the first novel is Indonesia, while the setting in the second novel is Congo, Africa. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion found 26 data.

Protective Discrimination in Favour of Backward Classes under Indian Constitution

The oppression of the weaker segment in the society is a well known fact to all people. The subjection of the weaker segment of the society to one or the other kind of discrimination and suppression at the hands of the advanced and the society’s dominant sections are as old as Adam. They had been suffering a lot in each and every day throughout their lives. They had been made subject to discrimination in one way or the other at stages in their life. This evil had to be nipped in the bud, however now as aftermath, it has ended up a massive tree with its roots deeply buried in the Indian society. The higher crust rules and regulations of democracy are everywhere. The framers and makers of our constitution were thoroughly conscious about the distressed condition of these weaker sections. They tried to put their best foot forward to lift the weaker segment by offering a few special provisions within the constitution like Equality under Article 14 and Article 15 prohibiting discrimination and many more. In a number of the Articles, the framers of our constitution have provided additional privileges in favor of the weak and backward segment of the society. In other words, it means that the makers of the constitution have provided protective discrimination within the constitution.

A Study on Distinguishing between Using and Mentioning Derogatory Words- Taking the N-word as an Example

There has been a heated discussion on saying the N-word. Due to the history of slavery, the N-word has been carrying a derogatory meaning towards black people and it is used to put black people and white people into an inferior and superior position. There are many derivatives of the N-word and the meaning of it has changed from time to time which leads to the controversial situation of this word. Some people hold the view that the N-word should be banned and no one has the right to say it under any circumstances while other people think that people should realize the difference between using and mentioning the N-word. Mixing the use/mention may result in other kinds of discrimination. Therefore, based on Grice’s meaning and Tirrel’s language games theory, this paper analyzes the difference between use and mention and what consequences people may face if the use and mention are mixed.

Nancy Hopkins: Consummate Scientist, Reluctant Feminist

Nancy Hopkins: Consummate Scientist, Reluctant Feminist

Arabic Feminist Discourse: Insights from Wedding Invitation Cards in Jordan

The present study examines through critical discourse analysis the practice of masking the bride's name on Jordanian Muslim wedding invitation cards. Previous research has focused on the generic analysis structure of all components of wedding invitation cards, and masking the bride's name was a minor matter in these studies. Most studies referred to the reason for this practice as either due to people's religious (Islamic) beliefs or social norms. An electronic questionnaire was used to investigate Jordanian people's attitudes toward this social practice. The questionnaire consisted of 23 self-report items, which targeted Muslim Jordanian males and females over 18. A total of 1646 Jordanian participants responded to the questionnaire. Furthermore, a sample of 400 Jordanian wedding invitation cards was collected from different districts that were used to compare the study data with the actual existence of the practice of masking the bride's name. The sample covered the period between the beginning of September 2019 to February 2020. Our findings showed that masking the bride's name was a prevailing practice within the Jordanian community and regional affiliation played a significant role in this practice. Gender played a significant role in the choices made by the participants. The practice of masking the bride's name on wedding invitation cards was not related in any way to religious (Islamic) beliefs. Masking the bride's name is a kind of discrimination and inequality between males and females in the Jordanian community.

THE SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE TO CONVICT THE PERSON FOR COMMITTING A CRIME OF INTOLERANCE BASED ON DISCRIMINATORY GROUNDS AND ITS IMPORTACE IN DETERMINING THE SENTENCE

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. The fight against discrimination is recognized by the Constitution of Georgia – “All persons are equal before the law”, any kind of discrimination is not allowed. This is emphasized in the principles and norms specified in international conventions and declarations. The obligation to study the discriminatory motive within the framework of the full, comprehensive and objective investigation stipulated by the procedural legislation rests with the law enforcement officers, and the court is obliged to administer justice, to make a summary decision based on the evidence. In addition, it must be substantiated. According to the legislation of Georgia, to convict a person is necessary to have a set of evidences that would convince an objective person of the person’s guilt. In the case of a crime motivated by hate, it is additionally necessary to have such indicators – evidence, which is necessary to confirm the existence of the motive. National law, which is in full compliance with international law, requires that the summary judgment passed by the court and the type and extent of the sentence applied must be justified. The court’s verdict should give any person the opportunity to get information on what evidence and why the court made this particular decision. In this paper are discussed the indicators of crimes committed with the motive of intolerance based on discrimination and the types of evidence to be obtained based on them, as well as the decisions of the national court and the standards of substantiation of these decisions are studied – on what evidence is the summary decision made and to what extent does the motive of hatred influence the type and size of the relative punishment.

The gender budget as a tool for gender equality?

This paper investigates which values are communicated by public universities through the elaboration of gender budgets and whether and how coherence is built with the respective performance measurement systems. In a society where increasing pressures are put by national and international institutions to guarantee gender equality and fight against any kind of discrimination, universities are expected to play a key role in pursuing such goals and support the development of a culture of integration, respect, and equal opportunities. Among the different initiatives, universities are adopting a gender budget to allocate resources and plan specific activities to achieve gender equality. To account for the results achieved and monitor whether the results are aligned with the expectations and the stated objectives, sound performance measures are required. In this regard, the current research analyses the content of three different gender budgets elaborated by Italian universities in order to investigate whether the performance measures and narratives adopted are aligned with the stated goals and values communicated, thus being able to guide universities toward gender equality.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS KEKERASAN SEKSUAL BAGI KAUM PENYANDANG DISABILITAS TUNA NETRA

So far, people with disabilities have experienced various kinds of discrimination, especially women. Women with disabilities are very vulnerable to being victims of violence, including sexual violence. Various reports in the media show that there are many women with disabilities. Over time, we are often surprised by the emergence of several cases involving persons with disabilities. One of the cases experienced by persons with disabilities is being a victim of rape. The situation of disabled people who are victims of sexual violence is worrying, not only because they are a vulnerable group, but also because many do not receive legal protection. From 2015 to 2016, there were 74 cases of sexual violence in Yogyakarta, of which 3 were handled through legal channels and other cases were medical, psychological and even medical, psychological and even the same way, the Advocacy Center for Women and Children with Disabilities (Advocacy Center for Women and Children with Disabilities). Persons with Disabilities). SAPDA) DIY published a study in 2016 which found that 84.5% of violence against women with disabilities did not have legal protection. Since the enactment of Law No. 8 of 2016 concerning Disabilities which was ratified by President Joko Widodo on April 15, 2016, there is no longer any mention of the term "disability" for people with physical limitations. The Disability Policy is the commitment of the Indonesian government to regulate the protection and fulfillment of the rights of people with disabilities in Indonesia

Prevention of Bullying Situations in the Workplace

This work will particularly focus on the phenomenon of bullying in the workplace, and the misfortune that haunts victims of bullying. In many workplaces, victims of bullying lose their jobs, increase the number of absences or resign. Bullying in the workplace is also associated with loss of self-confidence and self-control. Also other problems related to bullying in the workplace are problems with stress, health problems. The results provide data-driven recommendations to facilitate HR staff to design and develop policies, rules and approaches against bullying, which should be comprehensive and meaningful, to ensure that bullies and victims are not excluded from the workplace, but to educate and regulate staff behavior. In recent years, bullying in the workplace has become a key issue for many companies and the policies developed by these companies have not been effective, at least referring to the workplace in Albania. Therefore, this is an issue that requires the attention and effort of many actors to be properly identified and addressed, for the benefit of all employees involved in this phenomenon.Harassment in the workplace is defined as a situation where an individual has been exposed to negative acts by one or more individuals for a long period of time for which it has been difficult to defend. In Albania 47% of respondents say that bullying situations have started in the last years, so we have a growing tendency to raise awareness about the phenomenon of bullying. In other countries, the respondents indicate that this phenomenon has existed for a long time, an answer that we receive from young people in Albania. This shows that the younger generation is giving more importance to psychological and emotional well-being in the work environment. In European countries, the highest percentages of bullying come from colleagues due to competition to "appear", while in Albania, bullying is committed by direct superiors to show their superiority.Most Albanian employees are not aware of the regulations and norms of the organizations where they work. They are not interested in knowing their rights, and what are worse, human resources do not do their job in the On-boarding process. Employees who fall prey to the phenomenon of bullying have the most serious consequences for the desire for work, which is declining, and for the decline in performance at work. From experience and literature we encounter a very important phenomenon: in European countries, at the moment when the employee has a decrease in efficiency, the task of human resources is to identify the problem and intervene in solving it. While in Albania, in most companies, whether corporations or smaller businesses, this process does not take place. It is preferable to personify the problem with the person, which not only does not solve the situation but further aggravates it. The Constitution of the Republic of Albania, approved by Law no. 8417, dated 21.10.1998, amended by Law no. 9675, dated 13.1.2007 and by Law no. 9904, dated 21.4.2008, provides that all citizens are equal before the law and no one may be unjustly discriminated against on grounds such as gender, race, religion, ethnicity, language, political, religious or philosophical beliefs, economic, educational, social or parental status.The Labor Code is the basic law that regulates labor relations in Albania.The Labor Code, as well as the Constitution of the Republic of Albania, sanctions the principle of prohibition of discrimination. More specifically, the Labor Code provides that any kind of discrimination in the field of employment and occupation is prohibited. Non-discrimination and the right to employment are the main axes provided by the Labor Code.
 
 
 Received: 18 September 2022 / Accepted: 24 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022

If the Punishment Should Fit the Crime, How Serious Are 75 Crimes? An Empirical Study

This paper reports on the results of a survey of more than 500 young and middleaged college-educated adults regarding their views on the seriousness of 75 crimes. If the goal is to apply the legal principle that the punishment should fit the crime, one must first know how serious the crime is. This study ranks 75 crimes in terms of seriousness, using a Likert Scale where 1 is not at all serious and 100 is extremely serious. Some comparisons of mean scores were made, and p-values were computed, to determine whether certain crimes are significantly more serious than other crimes. Is the life of a prostitute more or less valuable than the life of a drug dealer, politician or lawyer? Are some kinds of discrimination more serious than others? In the case of statutory rape, should the criminal be punished more severely if it is a man rather than a woman, or should their punishments be equal? These and other questions are answered in this study. The authors grant permission to replicate this study using their survey instrument.

Diasporas in the post-digital age – capitalism + digitalization = dystopia: Sibylle Berg’s novel GRM

Sibylle Berg’s novel GRM: Brainfuck () deals with profound structural changes that are directly linked to the growing digitalization and datafication of our world. Together with a strong neo-liberalism, this has provoked severe grievances, which have in turn led to important migratory movements. Berg lays this situation out thanks to the characters of the novel – most of them are migrants or have a migrant background. They have experienced different kinds of discrimination and social exclusion that hinder their integration into the host society. The frustrated yearning of many migrants for recognition interestingly becomes apparent in the lack of opportunities for self-representation through digital media, which are described as powerful tools that reinforce and (re-)produce stigmatizing discourses. In addition, the novel shows how mass datafication allows the almost complete surveillance of all citizens. Nevertheless, the main characters in the novel try to resist this total control by choosing a different kind of digital diaspora, which means a retreat to an exclusively analogue life – an impossible endeavour.