Kind Of Cyber-physical Systems Research Articles

Attack-Defense Evolutionary Game Strategy for Uploading Channel in Consensus-Based Secondary Control of Islanded Microgrid Considering DoS Attack

Nowadays, with the development of communication technology and its application in islanded microgrid, the pure power grid has gradually become a kind of cyber-physical system. In this system, the communication data and consensus algorithm are widely used in the secondary control of energy resources. However, in the communication process, there are also risks of network attacks, such as denial of service attack. To deal with this kind of attack existing in the data uploading channel during secondary control, the evolutionary game-based defense mechanism is designed, and the main works are as follows: firstly, the caused influence by attack on the control effect is analyzed through constructing a small-signal model. Secondly, two defense strategies including “Adjacent prediction” and “Path reconstruction” are designed. Facing different attack situations, the most suitable strategy can be selected via the evolutionary game. Thirdly, a game-based active defense strategy is designed, which can simulate the attack probability in the near future so that the defense can be prepared in advance. Finally, based on Laplace transformation and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{H}_{\infty } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> robust theories, the parameter design in defense strategies is completed. The effectiveness of the above strategies is shown in multiple case studies.

Modeling and Decision-Making Methods for a Class of Cyber–Physical Systems Based on Modified Hybrid Stochastic Timed Petri Net

Cyber-physical system (CPS) is a multidimensional complex system that integrates computation, communication, and physical environment with essential and broad application prospects. However, there is a kind of CPS containing discrete events, continuous processes, stochastic phenomena, time-delay, and decision. It suffers from several sophisticated modeling and decision-making challenges, including deep integration of cyber and physical world, intensive temporal properties, model uncertainty, concurrency, and behavioral control. In this article, we deal with the above problems from the perspective of hybrid systems. We propose the modeling methods of CPS based on the modified hybrid stochastic timed Petri net (M-HSTPN) with three-tier architecture and introduce the decision place to strengthen the decision-making ability of CPS. Its advantages lie in describing multiple problems in CPS at the same time by adopting a unified open architecture. By integrating the various modeling and decision-making challenges under a unified framework, it is easy to analyze the problem systematically. Taking the humanoid soccer robot CPSs (HSR-CPS) as an example, by analyzing factors that affect the action cycle and interception success rate of the HSRs, we show the powerful modeling and decision-making capabilities of the M-HSTPN for CPS.

PICO: A platform independent communications middleware for heterogeneous devices in smart grids

This paper presents a data-centric middleware responsible for real-time communication and data storage in smart grids. The middleware offers a high level programming model that provides ways of storing/getting information from/to the grid and encrypts messages thus providing a secure message exchange. The design has taken into account the heterogeneity of devices, software platforms and stakeholders involved in this kind of Cyber-physical System (CPS). A modular vision is followed in such a way that middleware components can be easily adapted to different platforms and a simple data interface is provided by using REST (Representational State Transfer) web services and a high level asynchronous API. The middleware has been used in the context of a European project (e-balance) where soft real-time requirements, security and low capacity devices were some of the requirements. The demonstration scenarios are detailed in this paper together with the validation tests that show that the use of this programming abstraction is feasible.

An evaluation framework for energy aware buildings using statistical model checking

Cyber-physical systems are to be found in numerous applications throughout society. The principal barrier to develop trustworthy cyber-physical systems is the lack of expressive modelling and specification formalisms supported by efficient tools and methodologies. To overcome this barrier, we extend in this paper the modelling formalism of the tool UPPAAL-SMC to stochastic hybrid automata, thus providing the expressive power required for modelling complex cyber-physical systems. The application of Statistical Model Checking provides a highly scalable technique for analyzing performance properties of this formalisms. A particular kind of cyber-physical systems are Smart Grids which together with Intelligent, Energy Aware Buildings will play a major role in achieving an energy efficient society of the future. In this paper we present a framework in UPPAAL-SMC for energy aware buildings allowing to evaluate the performance of proposed control strategies in terms of their induced comfort and energy profiles under varying environmental settings (e.g. weather, user behavior etc.). To demonstrate the intended use and usefulness of our framework, we present an application to the Hybrid Systems Verification Benchmark.