Kind Of Continuum Research Articles

Examining Teacher Candidates’ Backgrounds, Experiences, and Beliefs as Precursors for Developing Dispositions for Democracy

Background/Context: In this article, we draw on Villegas’s explanations of beliefs as precursors to social justice dispositions and Mills et al.’s Australian research about social justice dispositions as either affirmative or transformative. These conceptual positions assist us in understanding the beliefs that are derived from applicants’ schooling and life experiences. Purpose of Study: The article reports on how 46 candidates applying for an Australian equity-oriented initial teacher education (ITE) program described their backgrounds and beliefs around social justice. The purpose of the research is to understand starting point beliefs in order to design a strongly democratic teacher education program for historically hard-to-staff schools. Setting: Expressions of interest were analyzed from applications to an Australian ITE program designed to prepare teachers for hard-to-staff urban and rural secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. Research Design: This research is a qualitative critical discourse analysis. Our initial activity involved grouping statements using the following five codes: their firsthand, personal backgrounds of disadvantage; their secondhand experience with disadvantage, such as seeing racism from afar or volunteering; their belief statements about equity or social justice; their deficit positions or stereotypes; and their overtly activist statements. Findings/Results: Finding that some of these discourses were much more common than others, we were able to examine applicants’ social justice discourses more deeply. We contend that democratic discourses can be seen on a kind of continuum, with weaker (or thinner) and stronger versions. In general, a weaker version of equity includes generic inclusive beliefs about everyone being equal, whereas a stronger version demonstrates a more complex understanding of social inequities and a commitment to changing systems rather than individuals. Within each category, there were glimpses of weaker and stronger activist experiences and beliefs that we consider precursors to strong social justice or democratic teacher dispositions. Conclusions/Recommendations: Rather than determining selection into the program, the candidates’ social justice statements made in their expressions of interest (EOIs) became starting points to design a program that prepares teachers who are knowledgeable agents of social change. Their statements guided us to understand these starting points in relation to how the candidates narrated their backgrounds, experiences, and beliefs, and enabled us to better explore how social justice is interpreted.

A secondary analysis of the library profession’s self-reported competence and comfort in working with patrons with disabilities

PurposeThis article presents a secondary analysis of previously published data in order to drive discussion of the library profession’s current state of preparedness in working with patrons with disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThis article used a secondary analysis of survey data that have been previously published to determine what the continuum of data said about the current state of preparedness in the profession when working with people with disabilities.FindingsA comparison of the data from both surveys reveals that there are not only gaps in library graduate school education related to disability and accessibility but also that those gaps are not being addressed through professional development and staff training after students enter the workforce.Research limitations/implicationsThis was a secondary analysis of data, so no new data could be added. There was also no representation from library graduate school administration.Practical implicationsAn awareness is built that there needs to be more instruction for library graduate students and library employees on topics related to disability, accessibility and assistive technologies.Originality/valueThe topic has never been studied before in this kind of continuum of data, and the use of the secondary analysis of data with the library and information science profession is exceedingly rare.

Ethical values in jujutsu of Japanese origin

Background. The broad humanistic and socio-cultural theoretical perspectives applied to this research effort provides a foundation for the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts and the anthropological Focus on martial arts used in this paper. Hence, conceptual language has been adopted for this investigation. The aim is to assess and identify the ethical values and pro-social perspectives accentuated by high ranking masters in the martial art of jujutsu. Specifically, this paper seeks to answer the question of which values are most often prioritized or stressed? Method. The discussion involves the analysis of a broad survey of scientific and expert literature. Quoted and compared are the opinions and perspectives of 11 Grand Masters of jujutsu, holders of the highest titles and master's degrees (i.e, 9-10 dan), are analyzed and presented as evidence. Results. Classical schools and their representatives uniformly accentuate the value of tradition. On the other hand, there is a trend toward modernization both in the content of teaching and in technical ideas. This modernization began with Jigoro Kano, whose followers are today seen as reformers. All present Grand Masters pay attention to the ethical values and educational aspects of martial arts, particularly with regard to jujutsu. Conclusions. Ethics in jujutsu extends, as a kind of continuum between the traditionalist Butoku (i.e, knightly virtues resulting from Bushido) and the axiology of Christian Europe. A general consensus exists as to its educational and pro-social values. Aspects may also include self-control, self-discipline, perseverance, and responsibility, which are shaped by long-term educational processes.

Neural Correlates of Transient Mal de Debarquement Syndrome: Activation of Prefrontal and Deactivation of Cerebellar Networks Correlate With Neuropsychological Assessment.

Background: Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is characterized by a subjective perception of self-motion after exposure to passive motion, mostly after sea travel. A transient form of MdDS (t-MdDS) is common in healthy individuals without pathophysiological certainty. In the present cross-sectional study, the possible neuropsychiatric and functional neuroimaging changes in local fishermen with t-MdDS were evaluated.Methods: The present study included 28 fishermen from Buan County in South Korea; 15 (15/28, 53.6%) participants experienced t-MdDS for 1–6 h, and 13 were asymptomatic (13/28, 46.4%). Vestibular function tests were performed using video-oculography, the video head impulse test, and ocular and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. Visuospatial function was also assessed by the Corsi block test. Brain imaging comprised structural MRI, resting-state functional MRI, and [18F]FDG PET scans.Results: The results of vestibular function tests did not differ between the fishermen with and those without t-MdDS. However, participants with t-MdDS showed better performance in visuospatial memory function than those without t-MdDS (6.40 vs. 5.31, p-value = 0.016) as determined by the Corsi block test. Structural brain MRIs were normal in both groups. [18F]FDG PET showed a relative hypermetabolism in the bilateral occipital and prefrontal cortices and hypometabolism in the vestibulocerebellum (nodulus and uvula) in participants with t-MdDS compared to those without t-MdDS. Resting-state functional connectivities were significantly decreased between the vestibular regions of the flocculus, superior temporal gyrus, and parietal operculum and the visual association areas of the middle occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and cuneus in participants with t-MdDS. Analysis of functional connectivity of the significant regions in the PET scans revealed decreased connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and visual processing areas in the t-MdDS group.Conclusion: Increased visuospatial memory, altered metabolism in the prefrontal cortex, visual cognition cortices, and the vestibulocerebellum, and decreased functional connectivity between these two functional areas might indicate reductions in the integration of vestibular input and enhancement of visuospatial attention in subjects with t-MdDS. Current functional neuroimaging similarities from transient MdDS via chronic MdDS to functional dizziness and anxiety disorders suggest a shared mechanism of enhanced self-awareness as a kind of continuum or as overlap disorders.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СУБЪЕКТА ТРУДА НА ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ СИБИРИ

<p align="justify">В статье на данных обследования ИТР, проведённого на четырёх сибирских предприятиях ОПК, рассматривается типология инженеров, отличающихся по типу, уровню и траекториям становления субъектности - от полного отсутствия субъекта труда до ярко выраженного его присутствия в этом процессе. </font>

Aristotle, Galileo and Sellick: The unsolved dilemma of cricoid pressure

For almost one thousand years, the principles and structure of the Universe were studied, reported, understood and believed to be in accordance with Aristotle's theory of the five elements (earth, fire, air, water and ether), with the invisible immobile engine and geocentric depiction of planets, stars and deep space (what he called cosmos, Greek word for order and beauty). There was no idea of gravity andmass, as it was time for limited scientific instruments and a generous imagination hypothesis, philosophy being a substitute for science whenever something could not be explained with the sole (limited) available knowledge. At that time religion and science were in some kind of continuum, with any physical principle or event, including health and sickness, being explained with the first or latter, or sometimes with both. As time passed by, and it took almost nine centuries, a curious and obstinate scientist named Galileo started to raise some doubts. It was 1619, and, thanks to being a forerunner of the scientific approach, the italian scientist was the first to see truth through the mist. His doubts were so big that, at a certain point, despite being sure of his intuition and experiments, not to be considered heretic in the face of such big changes, he had to withdraw and deny everything in front of the Inquisition. In a certain sense, Science had to bow to Religion, the interest of the many in comparisonwith the reason of one. As a curiosity, we had towait until October 31st, 1992 when Galileo's opera omnia was removed by the Vatican from the Index of prohibited books. And we had to wait for Isaac Newton, and his general gravity

Blockers in hyperspaces

Given a metric continuum X, let 2 X and C ( X ) denote the hyperspaces of all nonempty closed subsets and subcontinua, respectively. For A , B ∈ 2 X we say that B does not block A if A ∩ B = ∅ and the union of all subcontinua of X intersecting A and contained in X − B is dense in X. In this paper we study some sets of blockers for several kinds of continua. In particular, we determine their Borel classes and, for a large class of locally connected continua X, we recognize them as cap-sets.

Effective couple-stress continuum model of cellular solids and size effects analysis

The purpose of this paper is to develop a homogeneous, orthotropic couple-stress continuum model to take the place of the periodic heterogeneous cellular solids. Through generalizing the definition of the characteristic length for isotropic couple-stress continuum, four characteristic lengths are introduced as material engineering constants for such kind of continuum. In order to determine the effective moduli and the characteristic lengths of the effective couple-stress continuum, a Representative Volume Element (RVE) method is constructed. The effective properties are obtained based on the response of the RVE under prescribed boundary conditions, and our results agree with the analytical solutions in literature. In addition, the influences of the relative density, the topology, the size, and the properties of the solid material of cellular materials on the effective moduli as well as the characteristic lengths are discussed, respectively. Furthermore, the size effects in cellular solid beams are investigated using our effective couple-stress continuum model. The results show that the developed continuum model in this paper can precisely capture the size effects in cellular solids.

A language group and its position thoughts of linguistic relationship

Abstract Delimiting a given language group and defining its genetic position within a greater language area may be difficult, especially if the area consists of a number of vaguely characterized languages.1 Such an area is that of the modern Indo-Aryan languages south of Kashmir. Parts of it constitute a kind of continuum where the separate languages merge into neighbouring languages with minute differences so that it is difficult or impossible to fix any boundary lines between them. The case is a different one when dealing with e.g. the Germanic languages because Germanic is clearly characterized by a number of features; one is never in doubt when dealing with a member of this group.

Absorption cross section measurements of oxygen in the wavelength region 195–241 nm of the Herzberg continuum

The continuum cross section of oxygen at 296–300 K has been measured with a resolution of 0.13 nm throughout the wavelength region 205–241 nm with oxygen pressures from 5 to 760 torr and optical path lengths from 13.3 and 133m. The three processes contributing to the observed cross section are absorption into two kinds of continua, viz. the Herzberg continua of O 2 and a pressure-dependent continuum involving two molecules of O 2, and Rayleigh scattering. Extrapolation of the observed cross section to zero pressure yields the continuum cross section of O 2, from which the calculated Rayleigh scattering is subtracted to give the Herzberg continuum absorption cross section of O 2. Our previous continuum cross sections [Cheung et al. (1984) Can. J. Phys. 62, 1752], obtained from studies at high resolution (0.0013 nm) between the Schumann-Runge absorption lines in the region 194–204 nm, are here adjusted for Schumann-Runge line-wing contributions. These adjusted cross sections are compared with those calculated from computed Franck-Condon densities and a transition moment extrapolated from that calculated from our more accurate cross section measurements at longer wavelengths. Our calculated cross section in the region 195–237 nm is similar in shape to that calculated by Saxon and Slanger [ J. geophys. Res., 91, 9877] from the transition moments computed ab initio by Klotz and Peyerimhoff [ Molec. Phys., 57, 573]. Our values of the Herzberg continuum cross section of oxygen, tabulated at 1 nm intervals in the region 195–241 nm, increase from 6.3 × 10 −24 cm 2 at 195 nm to a maximum of 6.6 × 10 −24 cm 2 at 201 nm and then decrease to 0.85 × 10 24 cm 2 at 241 nm. Our results agree with those in the region 205–225 nm covered by the most recent previous laboratory study [Johnston et al. (1984) J. geophys. Res. 89, 11661] and are consistent with values in the region 200–220 nm spanned collectively by three in situ stratospheric studies [Frederick and Mentall (1982) Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 461; Herman and Mentall (1982) J. geophys. Res. 87, 8967; Anderson and Hall (1983) J. geophys. Res. 88, 6801]. The larger Herzberg continuum cross sections found in another in situ stratospheric study [Pirre et al. (1984) Geophys. Res. Lett. 11, 1199] are in definite disagreement with our laboratory values, certainly in the region 205–214 nm. Our Herzberg continuum cross sections in the region 195–241 nm are significantly lower than those previously used in many photochemical stratospheric modelling calculations. Acceptance of our cross sections in such models will affect markedly the calculated altitude profiles of ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other trace stratospheric species.

Eulerian and Lagrangian predictions of particulate two-phase flows: a numerical study

To predict particulate two-phase flows, two approaches are possible. One treats the fluid phase as a continuum and the particulate second phase as single particles. This approach, which predicts the particle trajectories in the fluid phase as a result of forces acting on particles, is called the Lagrangian approach. Treating the solid as some kind of continuum, and solving the appropriate continuum equations for the fluid and particle phases, is referred to as the Eulerian approach. Both approaches are discussed and their basic equations for the particle and fluid phases as well as their numerical treatment are presented. Particular attention is given to the interactions between both phases and their mathematical formulations. The resulting computer codes are discussed. The following cases are presented in detail: vertical pipe flow with various particle concentrations; and sudden expansion in a vertical pipe flow. The results show good agreement between both types of approach. The Lagrangian approach has some advantages for predicting those particulate flows in which large particle accelerations occur. It can also handle particulate two-phase flows consisting of polydispersed particle size distributions. The Eulerian approach seems to have advantages in all flow cases where high particle concentrations occur and where the high void fraction of the flow becomes a dominating flow controlling parameter.

LE PSYCHISME ET LES STRUCTURES ANATOMIQUES

Summary In this synthetic exposition, devoted to the relations which exist between psľchic functions and anatomic structures, Dr Pontes first insists on the difficulties of the subject and of its scientific analysis. Soma, Psyche, and social Milieu form a kind of continuum which is artificiallľ dissociated by our one-sided approaches. Experimentation cannot be fullľ practised on man, nor can its results on animal be extended to man without serious risks of error. Similar limitations appear if, resorting to the pathological method, we try to apply to the normal conclusions arrived at through the Study of the abnormal. Special reference is made here to psychosurgery, a topic quite familiar to Dr Fontes, who is Dr Egas Moniz’ countryman. The author then summarises our present knowledge concerning the structure, connections and functions of encephalic centers, especially; the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the frontal lobes. Finally, he subscribes, though not without serious reservations, to the hierarchical conception of the Nervous Sľstem as well as of the human mind, first suggested by Jouffroy, after him developed by Baillarger, Janet, Wallon in France, by Hughlings Jackson in Great Britain, and recentlľ revived in Europe (in its Jacksonian formulation) by von Mona-kow and Mourgue, Eľ, and Delaľ. This view enables one to consider nervous or psľchic illnesses as various dissolutions, resulting on the one hand from the suppression of higher centers or powers, on the other hand from the liberation of lower ones. It agrees rather well with the informations gathered by the anatomy and the physiology of the nervous sľstem, and with the conclusions suggested by psychosurgical operations. To the thalamus and hypothalamus correspond the lower and older manifestations of mind: emotion and instinct, to the cortex the higher and more recent adaptive and intellectual processes. The hypothalamus plays a most important role in the nervous machinery as a regulator of vegetative and instinctive life, of wake and sleep, of consciousness, and of the basic biological rhythms. At the cortical level the frontal lobe appears as the structural basis for such psychical functions as Ego-control, Will, Personality, and successfull action on the milieu.

Fundamental Equations and Definitions Concerning the Mechanics of Isotropic Continual

The mechanics of continua describe the behavior of deformable materials, that is, they predict the connection between forces and isothermic deformations in any kind of continuum. Of course the theory is confined to certain ideal materials which are so chosen as to show approximately the behavior of the natural materials. The best known among the ideal materials are the isotropic elastic solid and the viscous fluid, both of which are characterized by three constants: the modulus of compression, the density, and the modulus of rigidity, or the modulus of viscosity. Metals behave approximately in the same way as elastic solids, if only one takes sufficiently small deformations and sufficiently short times of observation. Fluids behave in the same way as the ideal viscous fluid, if the velocities of movement are sufficiently small. The problems concerning rheology, and the testing of materials which have, of late, made such great progress, urgently require, however, a more general theory which takes into account the imperfect elasticity of real solids and the imperfect viscosity of real fluids. In the following we shall discuss a few ideal materials of more general properties.