Arbitrary Kinds Research Articles

A graph theory-based modelling method for multi-splitting-merging-channel refrigerant-cooled evaporator in battery thermal management

A multi-splitting-merging-channel refrigerant-cooled evaporator can provide non-uniform cooling capacity distribution to match a non-uniform distributed heat flux produced by a battery by properly arranged hierarchical refrigerant channel network, however the design of the refrigerant channels is extremely complex. The purpose of this study is to present a model to support the design of a multi-splitting-merging-channel refrigerant-cooled evaporator, and the model should have the functions of describing various channel network, predicting the refrigerant flow distribution in splitting and merging channels, and accurately presenting temperature distribution at unevenly distributed heat flux. In the model, the distributed parameter modelling approach is applied for predicting the thermal performance distribution; arbitrary kinds of control volumes are normalized into five standard types according to channel structures; the refrigerant flows with multiple splitting and merging are described by the calculation sequences of control volumes, which are generated based on the graph theory. Model validations are done on a small sized and a large sized evaporator samples by comparing the simulated results with the experiment data. It is shown show that, the average temperature deviations of the small sized and the large sized evaporator samples are 1.0 °C and 0.9 °C, respectively while their average pressure drop deviations are 2.8% and 2.1%, respectively. The validation result indicates that the accuracy of the proposed model is acceptable for engineering application.

Time-dependent orbital-optimized coupled-cluster methods families for fermion-mixtures dynamics.

Five time-dependent orbital optimized coupled-cluster methods, of which four can converge to the time-dependent complete active space self-consistent-field method, are presented for fermion-mixtures with arbitrary fermion kinds and numbers. Truncation schemes maintaining the intragroup orbital rotation invariance, as well as equations of motion of coupled-cluster (CC) amplitudes and orbitals, are derived. Present methods are compact CC-parameterization alternatives to the time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method for systems consisting of arbitrarily different kinds and numbers of interacting fermions. Theoretical analysis of applications of present methods to various chemical systems is reported.

Exploring Arbitrariness Objections to Time Biases

AbstractThere are two kinds of time bias: near bias and future bias. While philosophers typically hold that near bias is rationally impermissible, many hold that future bias is rationally permissible. Call this normative hybridism. According to arbitrariness objections, certain patterns of preference are rationally impermissible because they are arbitrary. While arbitrariness objections have been leveled against both near bias and future bias, the kind of arbitrariness in question has been different. In this article we investigate whether there are forms of arbitrariness that are common to both kinds of preferences and, hence, whether there are versions of the arbitrariness objection that are objections to both near bias and future bias. If there are, then this might go some way toward undermining normative hybridism and to defending thoroughgoing time-neutralism.

Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials and Dickson polynomials

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We give a complete classification of Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials from the composition of Dickson polynomials of arbitrary kind and monomials over finite fields. Moreover, by using a variant of the Weil bound for the number of points of affine algebraic curves over finite fields, we discuss the planarity of the obtained Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials.</p>

On a class of definite integrals with products of (Ricatti-)Bessel functions and their derivatives

In certain physical processes such as in light scattering and absorption by lossy concentric spherical particles, there exist integrals of products between (Ricatti-)Bessel functions and derivatives of (Ricatti-)Bessel functions of arbitrary kind, integer order and complex argument. This paper presents an analytical solution to such integrals which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, has not been reported elsewhere in the literature. As a consequence, we also establish analytical expressions for similar integrals in terms of Bessel functions and their derivatives.

Cellular automata and Kan extensions

In this paper, we formalize precisely the sense in which the application of a cellular automaton to partial configurations is a natural extension of its local transition function through the categorical notion of Kan extension. In fact, the two possible ways to do such an extension and the ingredients involved in their definition are related through Kan extensions in many ways. These relations provide additional links between computer science and category theory, and also give a new point of view on the famous Curtis–Hedlund theorem of cellular automata from the extended topological point of view provided by category theory. These links also allow to relatively easily generalize concepts pioneered by cellular automata to arbitrary kinds of possibly evolving spaces. No prior knowledge of category theory is assumed for the most part.

On The Vibration Spectrum Analysis of Planar Mechanisms.(Dept.M)

The paper presents a method for the determination of the vibration Spectra of planar mechanisms with arbitrary number of links, which are paired by arbitrary kinds of joints including clearanced turning joints. The mechanism frames may be supported with an arbitrary number of springs and dashpots having arbitrary locations. The equations of motion of the mechanism frame are formulated and solved numerically together with the equations of motion of the links using Runge-Kutta-Jill method. In doing so, and with the aid of Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm, the frequency spectra of the frame in horizontal, vertical, and angular directions are obtained. The mathematical model presented may be considered as a basis to construct a computer program which can provide the vibration spectra of any planar mechanism with arbitrary number and locations of clearanced joints just by feeding its mechanism matrix with its data into the computer program.

Dembowski–Ostrom polynomials and reversed Dickson polynomials

We discuss the problem of classifying Dembowski–Ostrom polynomials from the composition of reversed Dickson polynomials of arbitrary kind and monomials over finite fields of odd characteristic. Moreover, by using a variant of the Weil bound for the number of points of affine algebraic curves over finite fields, we discuss the planarity of all such Dembowski–Ostrom polynomials. Planar Dembowski–Ostrom polynomials have applications in many areas including cryptography and coding theory.

Polyimide Aerogel Fibers with Superior Flame Resistance, Strength, Hydrophobicity, and Flexibility Made via a Universal Sol-Gel Confined Transition Strategy.

Aerogel fibers with ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, and ultralow density have shown increasing interest due to being considered as the next generation thermal insulation fibers. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate arbitrary aerogel fibers via the traditional wet-spinning approach due to the obvious conflict between the static sol-gel transition of the aerogel bulks and the dynamic wet-spinning process of aerogel fibers. Herein, a sol-gel confined transition (SGCT) strategy was developed for fabricating various mesoporous aerogel fibers, in which the aerogel precursor solution was first driven by the surface tension into the capillary tubes, then the gel fibers were easily formed in the confined space after static sol-gel process, and finally the mesoporous aerogel fibers were obtained via the supercritical CO2 drying process. As a typical case, the polyimide (PI) aerogel fiber prepared via the SGCT approach has exhibited a large specific surface area (up to 364 m2/g), outstanding mechanical property (with elastic modulus of 123 MPa), superior hydrophobicity (with contact angle of 153°), and excellent flexibility (with curvature radius of 200 μm). Therefore, the aerogel woven fabric made from PI aerogel fibers has possessed an excellent thermal insulation performance in a wide temperature window, even under the harsh environment. Besides, arbitrary kinds of aerogel fibers, including organic aerogel fibers, inorganic aerogel fibers, and organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel fibers, have been fabricated successfully, suggesting the universality of the SGCT strategy, which not only provides a way for developing aerogel fibers with different components but also plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the upgrading of the fiber fields.

Tracking of atmospheric phenomena with artificial neural networks: a supervised approach

Tracking of atmospheric phenomena, such as Tropical Cyclones (TC) and Polar Mesocyclones (PMC), — is a frequently performed task in the climate sciences. It is a crucial part of any climatic or short-period study since the occurrence and characteristics of a phenomenon at some moment carries significantly less information compared to its evolution. In some cases of synoptic-scale phenomena, this problem has established well-developed solutions (e.g., for extratropical cyclones, ETC). However, in the majority of other cases, there are no reliable tracking algorithms at the moment. In this study, we present the generic framework for the tracking of atmospheric phenomena of an arbitrary kind in the source data of nearly arbitrary origin. The core entity of our approach is the function of dissimilarity of representations of a phenomenon in two subsequent data frames which is learned under supervision of an artificial neural network. As an implementation of the proposed approach, we present the results of the tracking of Tropical Cyclones and Polar Mesocyclones. We demonstrate the success of our approach in terms of formal metric MOTA (Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy) and the empirical distributions of key lifecycle characteristics of TC and PMC.

DNA-assisted synthesis of Ortho-NanoDimer with sub-nanoscale controllable gap for SERS application

Nanostructure with precisely controllable narrow gap width remains a great challenge, especially at the sub-nanoscale level. Here, a versatile strategy named as DNA-assisted synthesis of ortho-nanodimer (DaSON) is proposed to fabricate Ag (Au) nanodimers with a uniform gap width from nanometers to angstroms. In such a strategy, two nanoparticles are constrained by the equilibrium state of the DNA hybridization and electrostatic repulsion to form zipper-like ortho-nanostructures with an extremely uniform gap whose width can be finely adjusted at nanoscale or sub-nanoscale by changing the DNA sequence and the surface charge of nanoparticles. The inherent strong electromagnetic coupling in the uniform sub-nanometer gap can generates an unparalleled SERS enhancement together with an extraordinary reproducibility. Compared with conventional DNA-based nano-gap fabrication strategy, the DaSON strategy enhances the SERS intensity for more than two orders of magnitude with a detection limit of 100 aM for DNA, and significantly improves the reproducibility in both labeled and label-free SERS sensing applications. Moreover, the DaSON strategy holds wide applicability for arbitrary kinds of DNA-modifiable nanoparticles. Therefore, we believe that the DaSON strategy provides an innovative method for the synthesis of nanostructures with controllable nanogaps and has a promising future in multiple fields including nanotechnology, catalysis and photonics.

SIGNAL RELAY TIME MEASURER REFLECTED FROM A SMALL PURPOSE AT ITS LOCATION OVER THE SEA

In the article possibility of account of phase fluctuations of signals reflected is examined from littlepitch aims location, during optimization of process of measuring of time of delay of signal. The process of optimization of measuring of distance to the aim on conditions of superrefraction is examined in supposition, that fluctuations of the signals reflected from лоцируемых aims up-diffused on a normal law, and the cross-correlation function of these fluctuations has an arbitrary kind. Within the limits of suppositions got correlation for the optimal estimation of time of delay of the reflected signals. Using the obtained ratios to determine the delay time and the variance of the group delay estimation, the target distance meter was synthesized under the radar of the target above the sea beyond the line of sight for the case when the correlation function of phase fluctuations is described by an exponential function. The proposed optimal estimation algorithm and rangefinder can be used to construct promising radar locations for low altitude targets. The use of such a meter can improve the accuracy of measuring the target range from 2 to 2,5 times.

Quantum hyper-CPHASE gates with polarisation and orbital angular momentum degrees of freedom and generalisation to arbitrary hyper-conditional gates

In this paper, a controlled-phase (CPHASE) gate using the polarisation and orbital angular momentum degrees of freedom for single-photon two-qubit quantum logic is proposed. This is critical to the realisation of quantum cluster states and graph networks using transverse degrees of freedom. A generalisation of the proposed scheme to arbitrary number and kinds of degrees of freedom, for optical systems, as well as arbitrary operations to be conditionally performed is proposed.

Optimal Schedule of Secure Transmissions for Remote State Estimation Against Eavesdropping

In this article, we investigate the privacy issue of the remote state estimation problem in cyber-physical systems. Specifically, in the presence of an eavesdropper, a sensor observes a discrete linear time-invariant process and then sends the measurements to a remote state estimator with arbitrary finite kinds of transmission options through an unreliable wireless channel. The transmission options of the sensor are in silence state or transmitting aided by injection noise with different energy levels. The eavesdropper wiretaps the channel when the sensor transmits packets to the estimator. Aiming at minimizing the remote estimation error and the cost of the sensors transmission energy while maximizing the eavesdropper state estimation error, we theoretically prove that there exist some structural properties for the optimal transmission schedule for both the known and the unknown eavesdropper's estimation errors. Numerical simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.

Обобщенные критерии устойчивости особых линейных систем автоматического управления с запаздыванием

Matters concerned with stability of special linear automatic control systems with a time delay are considered. The determining feature of such systems is that the control loop contains a link of pure (or transport) delay by time T (or for the path S) of the signal at its output with respect to the signal at its input. Apart from time delay links, these systems also contain other linear elements. Such systems include both longstudied systems for transporting various materials and relatively new selflearning repetitive control systems for accurately reproducing cyclically repeated motions or other signals with a period T (or S). The stability of special linear systems can be studied with fully resting on the Nyquist frequency criterion. According to the Nyquist frequency criterion, the stability of a closedloop system is judged by analyzing the frequency transfer function (FTF) loci of the openloop system that includes the controller and the controlled object with respect to the critical point (1, j0) on the complex plane. However, in the majority of cases, the presence of transcendental links results in that the FTF loci of the openloop system have the shape of a star with infinitely long rays, which makes it difficult to interpret the stability of systems with a time delay according to the Nyquist criterion. In such cases, it is more convenient to use a group of graphic criteria, the application of which makes it possible to establish sufficient stability conditions without examining the entire openloop system (the controller plus the object) by analyzing the relative position of the controlled object frequency response loci (obtained without taking into account the controller properties) and a certain stability region boundary, which is determined by the controller properties (obtained without taking into account the controlled object properties). To date, stability region boundaries have already been found for many types of specific structures of systems with a time delay. The problem is that an individually shaped stability region boundary has to be found for each specific type of controller. It is shown, based on a structural transposition of systems with a time delay, that their stability can be studied by using almost any stability boundaries that were previously proposed for some specific types of transcendental controllers. By generalizing the criteria it will be possible not only to estimate for the first time the stability of systems with a time delay in combination with a linear part of an arbitrary kind, but also to expand the variety of applied types of transcendental controllers.

P Systems-Based Computing Polynomials With Integer Coefficients: Design and Formal Verification.

Automatic design of mechanical procedures solving abstract problems is a relevant scientific challenge. In particular, automatic design of membranes systems performing some prefixed tasks is an important and useful research topic in the area of Natural Computing. In this context, deterministic membrane systems were designed in order to capture the values of polynomials with natural numbers coefficients. Following that work, this paper extends the previous result to polynomials with integer numbers coefficients. Specifically, a deterministic transition P system using priorities in the weak interpretation, associated with an arbitrary such kind polynomial, is presented. The configuration of the unique computation of the system will be encoded by means of two distinguished objects, the values of the polynomial for natural numbers. The descriptive computational resources required by the designed membrane system are also analyzed.

Dynamic multi-level appearance models and adaptive clustered decision trees for single target tracking

This paper presents a tracking algorithm for arbitrary objects in challenging video sequences. Targets are modelled at three different levels of granularity (pixel, parts and bounding box levels), which are cross-constrained to enable robust model relearning. The main contribution is an adaptive clustered decision tree method which dynamically selects the minimum combination of features necessary to sufficiently represent each target part at each frame, thereby providing robustness with computational efficiency. The adaptive clustered decision tree is used in two separate ways: firstly for parts level matching between successive frames; secondly to select the best candidate image regions for learning new parts of the target. We test the tracker using two different tracking benchmarks (VOT2013-2014 and CVPR2013 tracking challenges), based on two different test methodologies, and show it to be more robust than the state-of-the-art methods from both of those tracking challenges, while also offering competitive tracking precision. Additionally, we evaluate the contribution of each key component of the tracker to overall performance; test the sensitivity of the tracker under different initialization conditions; investigate the effect of using features in different orders within the decision trees; illustrate the flexibility of the method for handling arbitrary kinds of features, by showing how it easily extends to handle RGB-D data.

Применение потенциалов Дебая для расчета первичного поля в изотропной упругой среде, возбуждаемой вертикальным источником

An analytical solution of the problem of exciting an isotropic elastic medium by a vertical point source is proposed. This problem is a model one and is also a part of the solution of other model problems such as wave excitation in a plane-layered medium. The solution is based on the method of Debye potentials, which is widely used in solving various problems of electrodynamics. The range of these problems includes radiation from an antenna of a fairly arbitrary kind over a plane-layered dielectric medium, consideration of the effect an intricate fairing of an aircraft has on the operation of the radar station antenna system (the effect on the antenna pattern and the direction-finding characteristics of the system as a whole), designing slit radiators with a feeding resonator, and radiation from horn and waveguide antennas into a magnetodielectric semi-space. In many cases, it is possible to obtain an analytical solution of the problem; if an analytical solution is not available, numerical methods developed using the Debye potentials are effective from the computational point of view. The significance of an analytical solution lies in the simplicity and clarity of the interpretation and understanding of the wave propagation processes in contrast to a numerical solution. However, the fundamental difference between the problems of exciting elastic bodies from electrodynamic ones is in that two types of waves, namely, transverse and longitudinal ones, propagate in elastic media. This feature substantially complicates both the analytical solution and the elastic wave propagation process in comparison with electromagnetic waves. In view of this specific feature, a technique for calculating the excitation of an isotropic elastic medium using the apparatus of Debye potentials is proposed. It is shown that the displacement field of an isotropic elastic medium excited by a vertical source is represented as the sum of longitudinal and transverse wave fields, and symmetrically in the plane perpendicular to the source axis. Simple analytic expressions for calculating the displacement field at an arbitrary point in space are obtained. The results of calculations using analytical formulas are compared with the data of numerical modeling in the COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a computer program. In view of the fact that the COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a computer program is intended for calculating structures with finite dimensions, an original model of unlimited elastic medium in the form of a large-radius sphere (around 20 wavelengths) with radially-symmetrical absorption was developed.

Experimental Studies on Micropumps Using Rotational/Reciprocating Motions of Magnetic Material Balls

In application of micropumps to new fields in chemistry, biology, medical science and others, smaller sizes are supposed to be important rather than higher pump performance. In this study, considering from such a view point, micropumps using rotational and reciprocating motions of magnetic material balls were proposed and studied experimentally. The pump performance, i.e. the relation between flow rate and pump head are measured from liquid level changes in two containers connected to the inlet and outlet of the micropump. For the rotational motion micropump, while the maximum flow rate obtained, ~2 mL/min, is large enough as a micropump, the maximum pump head achieved, ~15 mm, is small even for a micropump. It is desirable to increase the pump head furthermore for this micropump. For the reciprocating motion micropump, the maximum flow rate obtained and the maximum pump head achieved are ~7.5 mL/min and ~625 mm, respectively. These values of the pump performance are sufficient as a micropump. Both the micropumps can be incorporated into microfluidic devices (tips) and can pump arbitrary kind of liquid.

Unified treatment of microscopic boundary conditions and efficient algorithms for estimating tangent operators of the homogenized behavior in the computational homogenization method

This work provides a unified treatment of arbitrary kinds of microscopic boundary conditions usually considered in the multi-scale computational homogenization method for nonlinear multi-physics problems. An efficient procedure is developed to enforce the multi-point linear constraints arising from the microscopic boundary condition either by the direct constraint elimination or by the Lagrange multiplier elimination methods. The macroscopic tangent operators are computed in an efficient way from a multiple right hand sides linear system whose left hand side matrix is the stiffness matrix of the microscopic linearized system at the converged solution. The number of vectors at the right hand side is equal to the number of the macroscopic kinematic variables used to formulate the microscopic boundary condition. As the resolution of the microscopic linearized system often follows a direct factorization procedure, the computation of the macroscopic tangent operators is then performed using this factorized matrix at a reduced computational time.