Kim's Method Research Articles

M0, 5: Toward the Chabauty–Kim method in higher dimensions

AbstractIf Z is an open subscheme of , X is a sufficiently nice Z‐model of a smooth curve over , and p is a closed point of Z, the Chabauty–Kim method leads to the construction of locally analytic functions on which vanish on ; we call such functions “Kim functions”. At least in broad outline, the method generalizes readily to higher dimensions. In fact, in some sense, the surface M0, 5 should be easier than the previously studied curve since its points are closely related to those of M0, 4, yet they face a further condition to integrality. This is mirrored by a certain weight advantage we encounter, because of which, M0, 5 possesses new Kim functions not coming from M0, 4. Here we focus on the case “ in half‐weight 4,” where we provide a first nontrivial example of a Kim function on a surface. Central to our approach to Chabauty–Kim theory (as developed in works by Wewers, Corwin, and the first author) is the possibility of separating the geometric part of the computation from its arithmetic context. However, we find that in this case the geometric step grows beyond the bounds of standard algorithms running on current computers. Therefore, some ingenuity is needed to solve this seemingly straightforward problem, and our new Kim function is huge.

Weight filtrations on Selmer schemes and the effective Chabauty–Kim method

We develop an effective version of the Chabauty–Kim method which gives explicit upper bounds on the number of $S$-integral points on a hyperbolic curve in terms of dimensions of certain Bloch–Kato Selmer groups. Using this, we give a new ‘motivic’ proof that the number of solutions to the $S$-unit equation is bounded uniformly in terms of $\#S$.

Unlikely intersections and the Chabauty–Kim method over number fields

The Chabauty–Kim method is a tool for finding the integral or rational points on varieties over number fields via certain transcendental p-adic analytic functions arising from certain Selmer schemes associated to the unipotent fundamental group of the variety. In this paper we establish several foundational results on the Chabauty–Kim method for curves over number fields. The two main ingredients in the proof of these results are an unlikely intersection result for zeroes of iterated integrals, and a careful analysis of the intersection of the Selmer scheme of the original curve with the unipotent Albanese variety of certain Qp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathbb {Q}}_p $$\\end{document}-subvarieties of the restriction of scalars of the curve. The main theorem also gives a partial answer to a question of Siksek on Chabauty’s method over number fields, and an explicit counterexample is given to the strong form of Siksek’s question.

An explicit integration method with third-order accuracy for linear and nonlinear dynamic systems

Computational efficiency and accuracy are two of the most important properties of integration methods. In this study, an explicit single-step integration method with third-order accuracy is proposed to improve computational efficiency and accuracy. The proposed method can achieve fourth-order accuracy in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration responses without physical damping. The algorithmic dissipation property is also improved to filter out high-frequency spurious responses on the premise of sufficient accuracy in the low-frequency response domain. Moreover, since the proposed method can advance the calculation step-by-step via the known displacement and velocity items, the time-consuming factorization of an effective stiffness matrix is not required in the calculation for the structure with a lumped mass matrix. In other words, high computational efficiency is ensured in the proposed method. The properties of the proposed method (i.e., the accuracy, convergence, dissipation, efficiency, and effectiveness of the nonlinearity) are demonstrated by using four representative examples. Specifically, a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dynamic system with a theoretical solution is adopted to comparatively evaluate the accuracy and convergence of the proposed method, a typical nonlinear dynamic system is used to investigate the effectiveness of the nonlinear calculation; a linear Howe truss model is employed to explore the effectiveness and efficiency in the calculation of a multi-DOF structure, and a nonlinear wellbore modelis used to demonstrate the potential to solve the large-scale nonlinear system. Results show that the proposed method can obtain more accurate results in the nonlinear dynamic calculations; and its time consumption is around 65% of that of the Yuan method, 38% of that of the Kim method, and 30% of that of the Zhai method.

P-value calculation methods for semi-partial correlation coefficients.

The p-value calculation methods for the partial and semi-partial correaltion coefficients were proposed by Cohen et al. (2003) and Kim (2015). The method of Cohen et al. (2003) depends on a single and identical statistic for both partial and semi-partial correlations, while Kim (2015)'s method uses two separate statistics for each of partial and semi-partial correlations. In particular, the mathematical expression of the p-value calculation for the semi-partial correlation coefficient differs between Kim (2015) and Cohen et al. (2003). Thus, these two expressions were compared through theoretical aspects and simulations. The results show that the semi-partial correlation coefficients by Kim (2015) is monotonic to the corresponding p-values, while Cohen et al. (2003)'s method does not maintain monotonicity.

Protocols for the Extraction of High-quality RNA from Pineapple Tiller, Flower, Inflorescence, and Fruits

High-quality RNA is an important genetic study as it has minimal contaminants that can affect gene discovery including degraded RNAs, chemical, and biological residues. Hence, it is a prerequisite for genetic analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for accurate and reliable data mining. Despite its importance, extracting high-quality RNA from different samples is often a challenge, as every tissue has a different biochemical composition, thus requiring different protocols. This paper reports protocols for the extraction of high-quality RNA from two type of pineapple tissues, which are thickly lignified hard tissue (tillers, inflorescence, flowers) and watery soft tissue (mature fruit, ripe fruit, and overripe fruit) via modified Kim and Hamada (2005) method. Total RNA was extracted in all six tissues, which showed two distinctive 25S and 18S band on agarose gel. The total RNA in this study was considered high-quality as the minimum concentration was 50 ng/μl, the absorbance ratio (A260:A280) was more than 1.8 and RNA integrity number (RIN) was greater than 7. The obtained results showed that the modified Kim and Hamada (2005) method was effective in extracting high-quality RNA from the challenging MD2 pineapple tissue, which is suitable for subsequent molecular analysis, including the highly sensitive NGS.

Comparative Assessment of Manual Material Handling Using the Two Methods of KIM and Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation in Workers in Small Industries in Kabudarahang in 2018

Introduction: Manual handling expose workers force, awkward postures, and repetitive motions. The aim of the present study was the assessment of lifting capacity by the KIM and NIOSH equation methods.
 Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2018 on 25 workers of small-scale industries in Kabudarahang active in production of flour, sausage and salami, precipitated calcium carbonate and building materials. It was conducted using KIM method and NIOSH equation and then the results were compared by Cohen’s kappa coefficient and SPSS software version 18.
 Results: According to the KIM method, the highest and lowest risk ratings were for material loading and transferring the material, respectively. The results of the NIOSH equation, respectively, assigned the highest and lowest CLI values ​​to bag loading and material transferring activities. The results showed that, in both methods, the loading activity of the materials had high risk due to the high load weight, the number of times of lifting load, the high height difference of the harvest place and placement.
 Conclusion: The results of evaluation of both methods showed that the risk level was high in 92% of the workers. The results of the two methods showed that both methods agreed on 71% risk estimation. Also, for reasons such as high altitude difference between the source and the destination of the load transporting and the high repetition of the load shift, the probability of musculoskeletal disorders was high in all the stations examined.

KUAT TEKAN BETON DENGAN BESI TULANGAN D13

The reinforced concrete structures are structures that are very reliable in their current strength and are widely used in the construction of tall buildings and other constructions. The building structure requires medium quality concrete and high quality to compensate for the greater tensile stress used to support the structural components.As there is a need to an increase the quality of concrete by adding screw iron to fresh concrete, added material of screw concrete D13 was chosen which is well-used both in plate planning and practical columns to be used as added material aimed at increasing the tensile stress of the concrete. This research aims at finding the high effect of strong and sticky between concrete and threaded reinforced. Research method used is experiment by using sample in the form cylinder in which the diameter is 15 cm and 30 cm. Each specimen is 6 with variations of each 3 samples examined at 7 days and 3 other samples at 28 days where the quality of the concrete used was f’c 25 MPa which was medium quality concrete. The tool used is Universal Test Machine (UTM) with a pull out test. The sticky strength obtained from the 1986 Nawy Method is 8.044 MPa, the Oragun Et Al Method is 8.861 MPa, the Kim Method and the 2015 Park are 17.417 MPa

An effective Chabauty–Kim theorem

The Chabauty–Kim method allows one to find rational points on curves under certain technical conditions, generalising Chabauty’s proof of the Mordell conjecture for curves with Mordell–Weil rank less than their genus. We show how the Chabauty–Kim method, when these technical conditions are satisfied in depth 2, may be applied to bound the number of rational points on a curve of higher rank. This provides a non-abelian generalisation of Coleman’s effective Chabauty theorem.

Right upper lobe anatomy revisited: a computed tomography scan study.

The double lumen tube (DLT) has become the most popular way to isolate the lungs for thoracic surgery. The variable anatomy of the right main stem bronchus (RMSB) seems to be the main reason clinicians are unwilling to use the right-sided DLT (R-DLT). The factors that could compromise the adequate ventilation of the right lung are mostly the variable length of the RMSB and the misalignment of the lateral orifice of the R-DLT in regard to the right upper lobe bronchus (RULB). The objectives of this study were to validate an alternative method to estimate the RMSB length, and to determine the distribution of the angulation of the ostium of the RULB. From high-resolution computed tomography scans of the thorax of 106 consecutive patients, the length of the RMSB was measured using Kim's method and the carina-to-carina method. The angle between the RULB origin and the lateral aspect of the RMSB was also measured. All these measurements were correlated and inter-observer variation documented. From the Kim's method, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) length of the RMSB was 25.5 (4.7) mm. From the alternative carina-to-carina method, the mean (SD) length of RMSB was 29.4 (4.6) mm. The inter-observer agreement was substantial with both methods (Kim's method: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.84; carina-to-carina method: ICC = 0.95). Both measures were closely related (ICC = 0.93; P < 0.001). The RULB presented a wide range angulation [mean (SD), 0.1 (9.5)°; range, -28.6 to 21.2]. These anatomic observations provide a better understanding of the variable anatomy of the right bronchial tree and may guide thoracic anesthesiologists in the choice of the best lung isolation device for their patients.

EVALUATION OF INITIAL GAS VOLUME OF COALBED METHANE USING FOUR METHOD

&lt;p&gt;Coal bed methane (CBM) is an unconventional energy resources in which the main ingredient is methane gas formed in the process of formation of coal (coalification). Based on research Advance Resource International inc. (ARI), the CBM resource potential is 453 Tcf spread across 11 basins in Indonesia. CBM technology is expected to be one of the alternative energy can play a role in helping to suppress the natural gas needs of oil as one of the energy commodities di Indonesia.&lt;br /&gt;This paper discusses about a calculated initial volume of gas in place (Gas in Place) on CBM reservoir “X” field. This initial gas volume calculation first calculating the gas content is becoming an important parameter in calculating the initial volume. This content gas value can be obtained through data analysis proximate such as ash content, moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon which such data can be obtained from laboratory results. But there is also the calculation of the gas content which can be obtained by simply using coal density data using several methods of calculation, such as the Mavor method, Bambang, Modified Kim, and Mullen method. In the “X” field there are five wells coalbed methane drilling has been done, namely, SS-1, SS-2, SS 3, SS-4 and SS-5 and there are five layers are seam-1, seam-2, seam-3, seam-4, and seam-5. Based on the calculations were also obtained in the “X” field coal rank, the average is sub-bitminous. Of the five wells will be calculated gas content and the initial volume of gas using a method Mavor, Bambang, Modified Kim, and Mullen.&lt;br /&gt;Using four methods then the gas content in the SS well ranged between 200-500 SCF / ton. And assuming that the well drainage area (A) covering an area of 100 acres, the obtained large volumes of coal bed methane wells SS-1 with the four methods ranged from 3-9 BSCF, the SS-2 ranged between 1-3 BSCF, wells SS- 3 are 2-5 BSCF, the SS-4 range between 1-3 BSCF and the SS-5 ranges between 1-3 BSCF.&lt;br /&gt;We will be compared the initial gas volume in the Field “X” using the four methods with data from the laboratory result. From that analysis it can be proved that the Bambang method is the most suitable method and represents CBM field in Indonesia. So the initial gas volume in Field “X” is using the result from Bambang method, and the result are 5312.17 MMscf on the SS-1well, 2385.77 MMscf on the SS-2 well, 3330.84 MMscf on the SS-3 well, 1635.44 MMscf on the SS-4 well, and 1608.74 MMscf on the SS-5 well. And the total initial gas volume in the “X” Field is 14273 MMSCF.&lt;/p&gt;

Gas Content Evaluation of Coalbed Methane Reservoir in the Fukang Area of Southern Junggar Basin, Northwest China by Multiple Geophysical Logging Methods

To study the gas potential of coalbed methane (CBM) in the Fukang area, southern Junggar Basin (SJB) of North China, different methods including multiple geophysical logging, the Kim method with proximate analysis data, and Langmuir adsorption were used to evaluate the gas content. Furthermore, the geological controls on gas content were evaluated. One hundred sixteen CBM wells with geophysical logging and 20 with field-measured gas content were adopted to assess the gas content in the Fukang area of SJB, NW China. The results show that the two geophysical logging variables (DEN and CNL) were favorable for evaluating the gas content due to the perfect correlation with the measured gas content. The gas content varies from 4.22 m3/t to 16.26 m3/t, and generally increases with increasing burial depth. The gas content in coal seams along the synclinal axis is significantly higher than that along the synclinal wing in the west zone. In the east zone, the gas content of the westward is higher than that of the eastward because of the fault coating effect by reverse fault. Generally, the gas content of the SJB is in the order of syncline &gt; surrounding reverse fault &gt; slope of syncline &gt; slope of anticline &gt; central of reverse fault, if only geological structure features are considered. The favorable areas for CBM concentration appear to be a composite gas controlling result of multiple geological factors. Two typical geological scenarios with low gas content and high gas content were revealed. In the Fukang area of SJB, the low gas content is mainly due to the normal fault and roof lithology of sandstone. The most favorable area of high gas content for CBM exploration and development is in the northeast, where reversed fault, synclinal axis, mudstone roof lithology, and burial depth coincide with high gas content.

Assessment of density prediction methods based on molecular surface electrostatic potential.

We compared the effectiveness of different molecular surface electrostatic potential (MESP)-based methods for calculating the density of CHNO explosives. Densities computed for 221 CHNO explosives of different chemical nature and functional groups and compared with the experimental values. The CHNO explosives in this work are divided into seven groups as group I nitrate-esters, group II nitramines, group III azides, group IV energetic materials containing benzene ring, group V energetic materials containing caged and strained rings, group VI energetic materials containing heterocyclic backbone, and group VII are the energetic materials containing fused ring. The computed densities using molecular volume method, Lee method, Kim method, Politzer method, and Rice method judged with experimental data indicates that Politzer and Rice method can be applied for the prediction of density. This study will be useful in selecting an MESP-based approach for the density estimation and directing research efforts towards the development of new CHNO explosives. Graphical Abstract The effectiveness of different molecular surface electrostatic potential (MESP)-based methods such as Lee method, Kim method, Politzer method, and Rice method for calculating the density of 221 CHNO explosives is assessed. The CHNO explosives are divided into seven groups as nitrate-esters, nitramines, azides, energetic materials containing- benzene ring, -caged and strained rings, -heterocyclic backbone, and -fused ring.

Ergonomics Assessment of Manual Handling Tasks using the Key item Method (Kim) and its Relationship with Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Abadan Oil Refinery

Introduction: Manual handling tasks are considered to be the main causes of occupational back pains. Therefore, the assessment of manual handling tasks for the prevention of work musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) sounds necessary. The aim of this study was to assess the manual handling tasks using the key item method (Kim) and determine its relationship with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders using CMDQ tool in the workplace of the central workshop in Abadan oil refinery. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 103 employees of Abadan's central workshop, using the simple sampling. Data were collected using KIM and CMDQ questionnaires and analyzed using Pearson and multiple linear regression tests in SPSS version 20. Findings: Based on the results of the assessment by KIM method, 48 subjects were in the risk level 1, 36 subjects in the risk level 2 and 19 subjects in the risk level 4. Also, based on the score of CMDQ questionnaire, 95 people were with very minor and negligible disorders, 4 cases with minor disorders, 1 person with very low disorders, 1 person with low disorders, one with medium disorders, and one with high disorders. In addition, the results of statistical tests showed a significant relationship between scores of KIM and WMSDs (P = 0.002). However, there were no significant relationship between these two variables and demographic characteristics of individuals. Discussion & Conclusions: Our investigation demonstrated that manual handling tasks and other tasks related to it have a direct relationship with the incidence of WMSDs; so that, the increase in the workload and nature of the manual handling tasks will enhance the severity of WMSDs. In order to reduce the severity of such disorders, corrective measures such as training programs, posture modifications, and job designs seem necessary.

Multi-charge-state molecular dynamics and self-diffusion coefficient in the warm dense matter regime

We present a multi-ion molecular dynamics (MIMD) simulation and apply it to calculating the self-diffusion coefficients of ions with different charge-states in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime. First, the method is used for the self-consistent calculation of electron structures of different charge-state ions in the ion sphere, with the ion-sphere radii being determined by the plasma density and the ion charges. The ionic fraction is then obtained by solving the Saha equation, taking account of interactions among different charge-state ions in the system, and ion–ion pair potentials are computed using the modified Gordon–Kim method in the framework of temperature-dependent density functional theory on the basis of the electron structures. Finally, MIMD is used to calculate ionic self-diffusion coefficients from the velocity correlation function according to the Green–Kubo relation. A comparison with the results of the average-atom model shows that different statistical processes will influence the ionic diffusion coefficient in the WDM regime.

Unit Roots and Structural Breaks

This special issue deals with problems related to unit roots and structural change, and the interplay between the two.[...]

Affected side location and clinical value of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Objective:To explore the clinical value of rolling test（HRT）, bow and lean test（BLT） and subjective vertigo sensation(SVS) for affected side localization of patients with horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo（HSC-BPPV）.Method:One hundred and thirty-eight patients（94 HSC-Can and 44 HSC-Cup）with HSC-BPPV were enrolled. Patients were tested with HRT and then were asked about SVS, followed by BLT. According to the results of HRT, SVS and BLT, HSC-Can and HSC-Cup were repositioned by Barbecue method and modified Kim method respectively. The detection rate of the affected side of HRT, BLT, SVS and the curative effect were analyzed. Result:In 94 HSC-Can patients and 44 HSC-Cup patients,BN and / or LN were induced by BLT to be 81.91% and 84.09% respectively. HRT induced bilateral asymmetric nystagmus 90.43%, 88.64%, SVS told vertigo symptoms worse side 60.64%,63.64%. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of HRT and BLT(P>0.05)，but have significant difference with SVS(P<0.05). Excluding four patients in whom the comparison among HRT,BLT,SVS were inconclusive，we compared the curative effect of first treatment in 92 HSC-Can patients and 42 HSC-Cup patients. The curative effect of HRT positive only were 66.67% and 60.00% respectively , BLT positive only were 71.43% and 66.67% respectively , HRT and BLT both positive with ipsilateral affected side were 70.37% and 65.50% respectively , HRT and BLT both positive with contralateral affected side were 37.50% and 30.00% respectively. The curative effect of HRT positive only and BLT positive only had no significant difference with that of HRT and BLT both positive with ipsilateral affected side , but they both had significant difference with that of HRT and BLT both positive with contralateral affected side . Conclusion:HRT is the most effective method for detecting affected side of HSC-BPPV, but BLT and SVS also have auxiliary diagnostic value as HSC-BPPV localization method.

Experimental measurements of energy transfer and nonlinear interaction in turbulence at the sino-united spherical tokamak

The characteristics of the energy transfer and nonlinear coupling among edge electromagnetic turbulence have been dedicatedly studied in various discharge stages at the sino-united spherical tokamak using multiple Langmuir and magnetic probe arrays. The wavelet bispectral analysis and the modified Kim's method are applied to investigate turbulence properties and their linear growth/damping and nonlinear energy transfer rates, along with multi-field turbulence interactions. The results show diverse features in the linear growth and nonlinear energy transfer between multi-field fluctuations during the current ramp-up, stationary, and internal connection event discharge phases. The diversity implies the importance to develop more sophisticated multi-field models to directly estimate the energy transfer rate among multiple turbulent fields.

Nonlinear Energy Cascading in Turbulence during the Internal Reconnection Event at the Sino-United Spherical Tokamak**Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2012CB934303, the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No 15ZR1403300 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11275051.

The characteristics of the energy transfer and nonlinear coupling among edge electromagnetic turbulence in thermal quench sub-period of the internal reconnection event (IRE) are studied at the sino-united spherical tokamak device using multiple Langmuir and magnetic probe arrays. The wavelet bispectral analysis and the modified Kim method are applied to investigate linear growth/damping and nonlinear energy transfer rates, along with multi-field turbulence interactions. The results show a multi-field nonlinear energy transfer from electrostatic to magnetic turbulence that results in two-mode coupling in magnetic turbulence, which may play a crucial role to trigger the IRE.

Adaptive mesh relocation refinement on Kim's method: enhanced approximations and upper bounds for American options

This study demonstrates the efficiency of an adaptive mesh relocation refinement (AMrR) to Kim's (1990) American options pricing method. Given the suboptimal uniform time discretisation proposed by Kim, we test an r-adaptive strategy that controls the overall error using an adjoint objective function. Next, we build an a posteriori goal-oriented error estimator as a measure of the global error incurred by the time mesh used. The analytics show the AMrR with n = 30 time steps improves upon Kim's (1990) method root mean squared relative error (RMSRE) by 85.74% for short and by 73.70% for long-term American options. Furthermore, we use the AMrR to obtain tighter upper bounds for the option's theoretical value, built directly from Broadie and Detemple (1996) and Chung et al. (2010) upper bound methods. In respect to both studies, we find substantial improvements in the RMSRE for both short and long American options.