Kilohertz Frequency Research Articles

Improved 2D hydride detection for NMR-chemosensing via p‐H2 Hyperpolarization

2D NMR zero-quantum spectroscopy offers a robust and convenient way to resolve hydride resonances in non-hydrogenative ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization experiments. This approach has been recently applied to the detection and quantification of dilute components in biofluids and natural extracts. For certain classes of analytes, however, modulation of the zero-quantum coherence occurs at several kiloHertz frequency, which determines long measurement times for attaining the desired resolution in the indirect dimension. Here, we propose an alternative 2D approach to measure high-resolution NMR spectra that affords enhanced sensitivity and reduced experimental time for optimal sample throughput.

Measurement of peripheral nerve magnetostimulation thresholds of a head solenoid coil between 200 Hz and 88.1 kHz.

Magnetic fields switching at kilohertz frequencies induce electric fields in the body that can cause peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). Magnetically induced PNS, i.e. magnetostimulation, has been extensively studied below 10 kHz. It is widely characterized using a hyperbolic strength-duration curve (SDC), where the PNS thresholds monotonically decrease with frequency. The very few studies performed at higher frequencies found significant deviations from the hyperbolic SDC above ~ 25 kHz, however, those measurements are sparse and show large variability. We fill the gap in the data by measuring PNS in the head of 8 volunteers using a solenoidal coil at 16 frequencies between 200 Hz and 88.1 kHz. Contrary to the hyperbolic SDC, PNS thresholds did not decrease monotonically with frequency, but reached a minimum ~ 25 kHz. The thresholds then increased by 39% from 25 kHz to 88.1 kHz on average across subjects. Our measurements can be used for guidance and validation of neurodynamic models and to inform PNS limits of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient coils and magnetic particle imaging (MPI) systems. The observed deviation of the experimentally measured thresholds from the hyperbolic SDC calls for further study of the underlying biological mechanisms of magnetostimulation beyond 25 kHz.

Influence of kilohertz frequency, burst duty cycle and burst duration on evoked torque, discomfort and muscle efficiency: A randomized crossover trial.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different KFACs on evoked torque, current efficiency, and perceived discomfort. KFACs with frequencies of 1 kHz (Aussie current) and 2.5 kHz (Russian current), along with two duty cycles (10% and 20%), were randomly applied to the triceps surae muscle of healthy participants using a crossover design. The NMES intensity, NMES-evoked torque, NMES efficiency, and NMES discomfort were measured in maximal and submaximal conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two-way mixed-model ANOVA with repeated measures. Forty-four participants were included. Aussie currents produced higher evoked torque and efficiency in maximal and submaximal efforts, with higher perceived discomfort in maximal effort. Although the Australian current may cause greater discomfort at maximal efforts, it matches the Russian current in perceived discomfort at submaximal levels. The 20% duty cycle produced the highest efficiency in submaximal efforts. In both maximal and submaximal efforts, the Aussie current demonstrated superior NMES efficiency, yielding higher torque with lower amplitude than the Russian current. Clinicians should take these findings into consideration when prescribing KFACs to optimize clinical outcomes.

Optimising 4D imaging of fast-oscillating structures using X-ray microtomography with retrospective gating

Imaging the internal architecture of fast-vibrating structures at micrometer scale and kilohertz frequencies poses great challenges for numerous applications, including the study of biological oscillators, mechanical testing of materials, and process engineering. Over the past decade, X-ray microtomography with retrospective gating has shown very promising advances in meeting these challenges. However, breakthroughs are still expected in acquisition and reconstruction procedures to keep improving the spatiotemporal resolution, and study the mechanics of fast-vibrating multiscale structures. Thereby, this works aims to improve this imaging technique by minimising streaking and motion blur artefacts through the optimisation of experimental parameters. For that purpose, we have coupled a numerical approach relying on tomography simulation with vibrating particles with known and ideal 3D geometry (micro-spheres or fibres) with experimental campaigns. These were carried out on soft composites, imaged in synchrotron X-ray beamlines while oscillating up to 400 Hz, thanks to a custom-developed vibromechanical device. This approach yields homogeneous angular sampling of projections and gives reliable predictions of image quality degradation due to motion blur. By overcoming several technical and scientific barriers limiting the feasibility and reproducibility of such investigations, we provide guidelines to enhance gated-CT 4D imaging for the analysis of heterogeneous, high-frequency oscillating materials.

FUNDAMENTAL LIMITATIONS OF KILOHERTZ-FREQUENCY CARRIERS IN AFFERENT FIBER RECRUITMENT WITH TRANSCUTANEOUS SPINAL CORD STIMULATION.

The use of kilohertz-frequency (KHF) waveforms has rapidly gained momentum in transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) to restore motor function after paralysis. However, the mechanisms by which these fast-alternating currents depolarize efferent and afferent fibers remain unknown. Our study fills this research gap by providing a hypothesis-and evidence-based investigation using peripheral nerve stimulation, lumbar tSCS, and cervical tSCS in 25 unimpaired participants together with computational modeling. Peripheral nerve stimulation experiments and computational modeling showed that KHF waveforms negatively impact the processes required to elicit action potentials, thereby increasing response thresholds and biasing the recruitment towards efferent fibers. While these results translate to tSCS, we also demonstrate that lumbar tSCS results in the preferential recruitment of afferent fibers, while cervical tSCS favors recruitment of efferent fibers. Given the assumed importance of proprioceptive afferents in motor recovery, our work suggests that the use of KHF waveforms should be reconsidered to maximize neurorehabilitation outcomes, particularly for cervical tSCS. We posit that careful analysis of the mechanisms that mediate responses elicited by novel approaches in tSCS is crucial to understanding their potential to restore motor function after paralysis.

Closed-Loop Multimodal Neuromodulation of Vagus Nerve for Control of Heart Rate.

The use of electrical current to modulate neurons for autonomic regulation requires the ability to both up-regulate and down-regulate the nervous system. An implanted system employing this electrical neuromodulation would also need to adapt to changes in autonomic state in real-time. Stimulation of autonomic nerves at frequencies in the range 1-30 Hz has been a well-established technique for increasing neural activity. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to be sensitive to frequency adjustments, which can be used to more precisely control the effect as compared to amplitude modulation. Kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) is a proven technique for blocking action potential conduction to reduce neural activity. Additionally, KHFAC can be reliably modulated by simple amplitude modulation. Although there are many types of commonly used closed-loop controllers, many conventional methods do not respond well to long system delays or discontinuities. Fuzzy logic control (FLC) is a state-based controller that can describe the discontinuities of the system linguistically and then translate the state transition to a continuous output signal. In our preparation, a single bipolar electrode was placed on the vagus nerve and controlled by a fuzzy logic controller to deliver both stimulation and KHFAC to control heart rate. The FLC was able to both change the heart rate to selected values and maintain the heart rate at a constant value in response to a physiological perturbation.

Frequency-Dependent Neural Modulation of Dorsal Horn Neurons by Kilohertz Spinal Cord Stimulation in Rats.

Kilohertz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (kHF-SCS) is a rapidly advancing neuromodulatory technique in the clinical management of chronic pain. However, the precise cellular mechanisms underlying kHF-SCS-induced paresthesia-free pain relief, as well as the neural responses within spinal pain circuits, remain largely unexplored. In this study, using a novel preparation, we investigated the impact of varying kilohertz frequency SCS on dorsal horn neuron activation. Employing calcium imaging on isolated spinal cord slices, we found that extracellular electric fields at kilohertz frequencies (1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 kHz) induce distinct patterns of activation in dorsal horn neurons. Notably, as the frequency of extracellular electric fields increased, there was a clear and significant monotonic escalation in neuronal activity. This phenomenon was observed not only in superficial dorsal horn neurons, but also in those located deeper within the dorsal horn. Our study demonstrates the unique patterns of dorsal horn neuron activation in response to varying kilohertz frequencies of extracellular electric fields, and we contribute to a deeper understanding of how kHF-SCS induces paresthesia-free pain relief. Furthermore, our study highlights the potential for kHF-SCS to modulate sensory information processing within spinal pain circuits. These insights pave the way for future research aimed at optimizing kHF-SCS parameters and refining its therapeutic applications in the clinical management of chronic pain.

Synchronization of optically self-assembled nanorotors.

Self-assembly of nanoparticles by means of interparticle optical forces provides a compelling approach toward contact-free organization and manipulation of nanoscale entities. However, exploration of the rotational degrees of freedom in this process has remained limited, primarily because of the predominant focus on spherical nanoparticles, for which individual particle orientation cannot be determined. Here, we show that gold nanorods, which self-assemble in water under the influence of circularly polarized light, exhibit synchronized rotational motion at kilohertz frequencies. The synchronization is caused by strong optical interactions and occurs despite the presence of thermal diffusion. Our findings elucidate the intricate dynamics arising from the transfer of photon spin angular momentum to optically bound matter and hold promise for advancing the emerging field of light-driven nanomachinery.

Nonlinear pulse compression technique based on in multi-pass plano-cancave cavity

<sec>Ultrafast femtosecond laser system with hundreds of microjoules of energy, operating at a repetition frequency of several kilohertz, has very important applications in many fields such as medicine, mid-infrared laser generation, industrial processing, and vibrational spectroscopy. The chirped pulse amplification technique provides a feasible path to obtain light sources with those parameters. However, the use of chirped pulse amplification increases the technical complexity and cost of the laser system. Recently, the proposal of a multi-pass cell (MPC) nonlinear pulse compression technique has enabled us to obtain high power ultrafast femtosecond pulses with reduced technical complexity and cost. The device requires only two concave mirrors and a nonlinear medium in between. In the past seven years, the multi-pass cell nonlinear pulse compression technique has made great progress, making it possible to obtain ultrashort pulses with average power of more than a few kW and peak power of tens to hundreds of TW.</sec><sec>In this work, we achieve nonlinear pulse compression of a 100-W picosecond laser by using an improved nonlinear pulse compression scheme that combines a hybrid of a plano-cancave multi-pass cell and multi-thin-plate. Using fused silica plates in plano-cancave cavity, the spectral bandwidth (FWHM) of input picosecond laser is broadened from 0.24 nm to 4.8 nm due to self-phase modulation effect, the pulse is compressed to 483 fs by dispersion compensation using grating pairs, which corresponds to a compression factor of 22, and the final output power of 44.2 W is obtained. Compared with traditional MPC, the plano-cancave cavity scheme we developed is a very promising solution for nonlinear compression due to its compactness, more stability and large compression ratio.</sec>

(Digital) Kilohertz-Frequency Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Vertical MoS2 Nanoflakes on Carbonized Cellulose Sheets for AC-Line Filtering

Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) with kilohertz frequency response were fabricated by the growth of vertically oriented MoS2 nanoflakes on free-standing carbonized cellulose sheets in a hydrothermal process. The cellulose was carbonized by a rapid pyrolysis process. It was shown that by tuning the MoS2 deposition time on this carbon scaffold, the frequency range and area-specific capacitance of the device can be easily adjusted. Specifically for AC-line filtering application, an EC cell with a characteristic frequency (i.e., the frequency when the phase angle reaches −45°) of 4kHz was made, which shows a specific capacitance density of 1.6mF/cm2 and a phase angle of 79.50 at 120Hz. By increasing MoS2 deposition, EC cells with an areal capacitance of 9.6mF/cm2 and a characteristic frequency of 580Hz were also fabricated.

Modulating functionally-distinct vagus nerve fibers using microelectrodes and kilohertz frequency electrical stimulation.

Modulation of functionally distinct nerve fibers with bioelectronic devices provides a therapeutic opportunity for various diseases. In this study, we began by developing a computational model including four major subtypes of myelinated fibers and one unmyelinated fiber. Second, we used an intrafascicular electrode to perform kHz-frequency electric stimulation to preferentially modulate a population of fibers. Our model suggests that fiber physical properties and electrode-to-fascicle distance severely impacts stimulus-response relationships. Large diameter fibers (Aα- and Aβ-) were only minimally influenced by the fascicle size and electrode location, while smaller diameter fibers (Aδ-, B- and C-) indicated a stronger dependency.Clinical Relevance- Our findings support the possibility of selectively modulating functionally-distinct nerve fibers using electrical stimulation in a small, localized region. Our model provides an effective tool to design next-generation implantable devices and therapeutic stimulation strategies toward minimizing off-target effects.

High frequency alternating current neurostimulation decreases nocifensive behavior in a disc herniation model of lumbar radiculopathy

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate if kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) stimulation of peripheral nerve could serve as a treatment for lumbar radiculopathy. Prior work shows that KHFAC stimulation can treat sciatica resulting from chronic sciatic nerve constriction. Here, we evaluate if KHFAC stimulation is also beneficial in a more physiologic model of low back pain which mimics nucleus pulposus (NP) impingement of a lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG).MethodsTo mimic a lumbar radiculopathy, autologous tail NP was harvested and placed upon the right L5 nerve root and DRG. During the same surgery, a cuff electrode was implanted around the sciatic nerve with wires routed to a headcap for delivery of KHFAC stimulation. Male Lewis rats (3 mo., n = 18) were separated into 3 groups: NP injury + KHFAC stimulation (n = 7), NP injury + sham cuff (n = 6), and sham injury + sham cuff (n = 5). Prior to surgery and for 2 weeks following surgery, animal tactile sensitivity, gait, and static weight bearing were evaluated.ResultsKHFAC stimulation of the sciatic nerve decreased behavioral evidence of pain and disability. Without KHFAC stimulation, injured animals had heightened tactile sensitivity compared to baseline (p < 0.05), with tactile allodynia reversed during KHFAC stimulation (p < 0.01). Midfoot flexion during locomotion was decreased after injury but improved with KHFAC stimulation (p < 0.05). Animals also placed more weight on their injured limb when KHFAC stimulation was applied (p < 0.05). Electrophysiology measurements at end point showed decreased, but not blocked, compound nerve action potentials with KHFAC stimulation (p < 0.05).ConclusionsKHFAC stimulation decreases hypersensitivity but does not cause additional gait compensations. This supports the idea that KHFAC stimulation applied to a peripheral nerve may be able to treat chronic pain resulting from sciatic nerve root inflammation.

Spatiotemporal parameters for energy efficient kilohertz-frequency nerve block with low onset response

BackgroundElectrical nerve conduction block has great potential for treatment of disease through reversible and local inactivation of somatic and autonomic nerves. However, the relatively high energy requirements and the presence of undesired excitation at the onset of the kilohertz-frequency (KHF) signals used for block pose obstacles to effective translation. Frequency, electrode geometry, and waveform shape are known to influence block threshold and onset response, but available data provide a limited understanding of how to select these parameters to optimize nerve block.MethodsWe evaluated KHF nerve block in rat tibial nerve across frequencies (5–60 kHz), electrode geometries (monopolar, bipolar, and tripolar), and waveform shapes. We present a novel Fourier-based method for constructing composite signals that systematically sample the KHF waveform design space.ResultsThe lowest frequencies capable of blocking (5–16 kHz) were not the most energy-efficient among the tested frequencies. Further, bipolar cuffs required the largest current and power to block, monopolar cuffs required the lowest current, and both tripolar and monopolar cuffs required the lowest power. Tripolar cuffs produced the smallest onset response across frequencies. Composite signals comprised of a first harmonic sinusoid at fundamental frequency (f0) superposed on a second harmonic sinusoid at 2f0 could block at lower threshold and lower onset response compared to the constituent sinusoids alone. This effect was strongly dependent on the phase of the second harmonic and on the relative amplitudes of the first and second harmonics. This effect was also dependent on electrode geometry: monopolar and tripolar cuffs showed clear composite signal effects in most experiments; bipolar cuffs showed no clear effects in most experiments.ConclusionsOur data provide novel information about block threshold and onset response at the boundary of frequencies that can block. Our results also show an interaction between spatial (cuff geometry) and temporal (frequency and waveform shape) parameters. Finally, while previous studies suggested that temporal parameters could reduce onset response only in exchange for increased block threshold (or vice versa), our results show that waveform shape influences KHF response in ways that can be exploited to reduce both energy and onset responses.

Kilohertz-frequency interferential current induces hypoalgesic effects more comfortably than TENS

Recent research on transcutaneous electrical stimulation has shown that inhibiting nerve conduction with a kilohertz frequency is both effective and safe. This study primarily aims to demonstrate the hypoalgesic effect on the tibial nerve using transcutaneous interferential-current nerve inhibition (TINI), which injects the kilohertz frequency produced by the interferential currents. Additionally, the secondary objective was to compare the analgesic effect and comfort of TINI and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Thirty-one healthy adults participated in this cross-over repeated measures study. The washout period was set to 24 h or more. Stimulus intensity was set just below the pain threshold level. TINI and TENS were applied for 20 min each. The ankle passive dorsiflexion range of motion, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and tactile threshold were measured at the baseline, pre-test, test (immediately before ceasing intervention), and post-test (30 min after ceasing intervention) sessions. After the interventions, the participants evaluated the level of discomfort for TINI and TENS on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). As the results, PPT significantly increased compared to baseline in test and posttest sessions of TINI, but not in those of TENS. Also, participants reported that TENS was 36% more discomfort than TINI. The hypoalgesic effect was not significantly different between TINI and TENS. In conclusion, we found that TINI inhibited mechanical pain sensitivity and that the inhibitory effect persisted long after electrical stimulation ceased. Our study also shows that TINI provides the hypoalgesic effect more comfortably than TENS.

Magnetic properties evaluation of Fe-based amorphous alloys synthesized via spark plasma sintering

Fe77.7Si8B10P4Cu0.3 amorphous powder compacts with high relative density (ρr = 94%), high saturated magnetic induction (Bs = 1.34 T), and high permeability (μ = 163 at 20 kHz) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering. In this work, Fe77.7Si8B10P4Cu0.3 spherical amorphous powders with good amorphous forming ability were prepared by regulating the material composition and the particle size distribution by gas atomization at first. The effect of sintering temperature (Ts) on the structure and magnetic properties of powder compacts was systematically investigated. The powder compacts sintered at Ts of 696–712 K were found to remain amorphous structure and exhibit optimal structural and magnetic performance, due to the high temperature and high pressure employed in SPS with high heating rate. These results are promising for the applications of Fe-based amorphous powder alloys in soft magnetic devices requiring tens of kilo-hertz frequency.

Structural, Electric and Dynamic Properties of (Pyrrolidinium)3[Bi2I9] and (Pyrrolidinium)3[Sb2I9]: New Lead-Free, Organic-Inorganic Hybrids with Narrow Band Gaps.

Hybrid organic-inorganic iodides based on Bi(III) and Sb(III) provide integrated functionalities through the combination of high dielectric constants, semiconducting properties and ferroic phases. Here, we report a pyrrolidinium-based bismuth (1) and antimony (2) iodides of (NC4H10)3[M2I9] (M: Bi(III), Sb(III)) formula which are ferroelastic at room temperature. The narrow band gaps (~2.12 eV for 1 and 2.19 eV for 2) and DOS calculations indicate the semiconducting characteristics of both materials. The crystal structure consists of discrete, face-sharing bioctahedra [M2I9]3- and disordered pyrrolidinium amines providing charge balance and acting as spacers between inorganic moieties. At room temperature, 1 and 2 accommodate orthorhombic Cmcm symmetry. 1 displays a complex temperature-induced polymorphism. It is stable up to 525 K and undergoes a sequence of low-temperature phase transitions (PTs) at 221/222 K (I ↔ II) and 189/190 K (II ↔ III) and at 131 K (IV→III), associated with the ordering of pyrrolidinium cations and resulting in Cmcm symmetry breaking. 2 undergoes only one PT at T = 215 K. The dielectric studies disclose a relaxation process in the kilohertz frequency region, assigned to the dynamics of organic cations, described well by the Cole-Cole relation. A combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, synchrotron powder diffraction, spin-lattice relaxation time of 1H NMR, dielectric and calorimetric studies is used to determine the structural phase diagram, cation dynamics and electric properties of (NC4H10)3[M2I9].

A large-step stick-slip rotary piezoelectric actuator with high velocity under low frequency and small backward motion

Stick-slip rotary piezoelectric actuators (SRPAs) are commonly used nowadays. However, most of them achieve high velocity by high exciting frequency, which causes the problems of wide power-source passband requirement and the wear of actuators. Moreover, their further applications are limited, due to the poor motion stability caused by the backward motion. To solve the problems, the stick-slip process is analyzed with kinematics, indicating that the large step contributes greatly to SRPAs for achieving high velocity under low operating frequency and backward motion elimination. Then a large-step SRPA is proposed, fabricated, and tested. The experiments show that under the sawtooth signal with 100 V and 400 Hz, the prototype can reach a maximum velocity of 1.854 rad s−1, benefiting from the large step (above 4.636 mrad). While other works require the exciting frequency of several kilohertz to reach the same level of velocity. Additionally, by increasing the step, the backward ratio decreases from 14.43% to 8.89% at the frequency of 1 Hz, and the minimum no-backward frequency decreases from 120 Hz to 60 Hz. The results indicate the effectiveness of the large step for solving the problems, which is significant for the design of SRPA.

Pulsed selective excitation theory and design in multiphoton MRI

Excitation in MRI is traditionally done at the Larmor frequency, where the energy of each radiofrequency photon corresponds to the energy difference between two spin states. However, if multiple radiofrequencies are employed, then multiphoton excitation can also occur when the sum or difference of multiple photon frequencies equals the Larmor frequency. Although multiphoton excitation has been known since the early days of NMR, it has been relatively unexplored in MRI. In this work, equations and principles for multiphoton selective RF pulse design in imaging are presented and experimentally demonstrated. In particular, the case where there are radiofrequency fields in both the traditional xy-direction and non-traditional z-direction is considered. To produce the z-direction radiofrequency field, an additional uniform coil was added to a clinical MRI scanner. Using this coil, two-photon slice-selective pulses were designed to be equivalent to traditional pulses, producing similar excitation, slice profiles, and in vivo images. Being the result of a combination of multiple radiofrequency fields instead of just one, two-photon pulses have more flexibility in how their parameters can be changed. Although individual multiphoton excitations are less efficient than their traditional counterparts, when the z-direction radiofrequency field is spatially non-uniform, multiple multiphoton resonances can be simultaneously used at different locations to produce simultaneous multislice excitation with the same pulse duration but less tissue heating than a naive implementation. In particular, non-uniform z-direction radiofrequency fields with negligible added tissue heating provided by oscillating the MRI scanner’s gradient fields at kilohertz frequencies were used to excite multiple slices simultaneously with less high-frequency xy-direction radiofrequency power. For an example three-slice excitation, we achieve half the xy-direction radiofrequency power compared to the naïve approach of adding three single-slice pulses. For conventional or unconventional applications, multiphoton excitation may be of interest when designing new MRI systems.

Transport AC Loss Characteristic of $\text{YB}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{{\rm{7 - \delta \ }}}$ Coils With and Without Magnetic Substrate Up To 10 kHz

Transport ac loss is a crucial reference for evaluating the performance of high-temperature superconducting materials. Although the transport ac loss of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{YB}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{{\rm{7 - \delta \ }}}( {\text{YBCO}} )$</tex-math></inline-formula> single tapes has been well studied, the transport ac loss characteristic of YBCO coils with different substrates in the kilohertz frequency band is still unclear, which is important for a wide range of applications, such as wireless power supply systems and high-frequency superconducting transformers. In response to the aforementioned concerns, both numerical and experimental methods are used to study the frequency dependence of transport ac loss in YBCO coils with magnetic and nonmagnetic substrate over a frequency range, from 55 Hz to 10 kHz. The mechanism of the loss of each turn and the distribution of the transport current of each turn are clarified. It is found that there is a frequency dependence of the distribution of both the loss and the transport current in each layer of each turn, and this distribution is highly dependent on the spatial location and the magnetic properties of the substrate.

Short pulse-enhanced vacuum arc evaporation

The paper studies a new method in vacuum-arc deposition technology that can be called short pulse-enhanced vacuum arc evaporation (s-PEVAE). This deposition technique combines sub-microsecond high-current pulsed and direct current operation of the arc-discharge source with the pulse frequency of several kilohertz. The high pulse voltage provides a high growth rate and amplitude of discharge current pulses, i.e., over 109 А/s and 1 kА, respectively. During the s-PEVAE process, the arc discharge power can achieve several hundreds of kilowatts. According to optical and probe measurements performed during the titanium evaporation in argon gas, ionization provided by s-PEVAE is higher than that provided by direct current vacuum arc evaporation (DCVAE). In s-PEVAE, the increase in the average discharge power is accompanied by the growth in the average density of the substrate ion current. At the same time, the deposition rate of the titanium coating decreases. All this leads to a significant change in the ratio between the ions bombarding the substrate and metal atoms forming the coating. Along with the substrate bias voltage, this ratio exerts a strong effect on the structure and properties of the deposited coating and can be controlled by the pulse parameters such as amplitude, time, and frequency.