Kilograms Of Waste Research Articles

"Green" Hemodialysis: The Centralized Acidic Concentrate from the Dialysis Center of Policlinico of Modena

Introduction and aim of the study. The centralized preparation and distribution system of acidic concentrate represents a true innovation in hemodialysis, when compared to acid bags, in terms of convenience and eco-sustainability. The aim of this study is to compare the use of traditional acid bags with the centralized distribution system of acidic concentrate, with particular attention to differences in terms of eco-sustainability and convenience. Methods. At the Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit of the University Hospital of Modena was installed the Granumix system® (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany). Data collected before the introduction of the Granumix® system (including the used acid bags, boxes and pallets used for their packaging, liters of acid solution used and kilograms of waste generated from wood, plastic, cardboard and residual acid solution) were compared with those collected after the implementation of the Granumix® system. Factors such as material consumption, volume of waste generated, unused and wasted products, time required for dialysis session preparation and nurses' satisfaction were analyzed to document which system was more environmentally sustainable. Results. Data collected in 2019 at our Dialysis Center showed a consumption of 30,000 acid bags, which generated over 20,000 kg of waste from wood, plastic and cardboard, and approximately 12,000 liters of residual acid solution to be disposed of, with a handling weight by operators reaching nearly 160,000 kg. The use of the centralized distribution system of acidic concentrate resulted in a significant reduction in waste generated (2,642 kg vs 13,617 kg), residual acid solution to be disposed of (2,351 liters vs 12,100 liters) and weights handled by operators (71,522 kg vs 158,117 kg). Conclusions. The acidic concentrate appears to be better suited to the sustainability challenge that dialysis must faces today, particularly due to the significant increase in the number of patients, which leads to a higher number of treatments and, therefore, a growing demand for eco-sustainable products.

Transforming Coastal Communities to Adapt Climate Change through Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper explores the impact of CSR initiatives in transforming coastal communities to adapt to climate change. The study uses a qualitative method to describe the initiatives’ social effects and elucidate the community transformation process. Quantitative data is also employed to measure the contribution of CSR to the economy and the environment. The findings demonstrate that the company introduces solar panel-based fish finder and aquaponics technology, enabling communities to achieve energy efficiency, reduce emissions and production costs, and increase income. The company also strives for sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities through quail, catfish, and eel cultivation, supported by organic waste management. The evidence shows that the CSR initiatives have been able to convert 744 kilograms of waste into maggot feed, processing 2,634,490 liters of liquid waste to reduce water pollution, generating 3,579 kilowatt-hours of energy from solar panels, resulting in cost savings of IDR 59,199,167, and income growth of IDR 360,947,840. Moreover, the implementation of climate-friendly technologies has led to a reduction in emissions by approximately 12.77 tons CO2e. Overall, this research highlights the significant role of CSR initiatives in transforming coastal communities that are adaptive to climate change while providing tangible economic and environmental benefits.

Fruit and Vegetable Waste Characteristics and Management Practices at Pasig Mega Market in Pasig City, Philippines

The fruit and vegetable sector produce waste significantly, causing social, environmental, and economic loss. Thus, a study was conducted at Pasig Mega Market, Pasig City to describe the fruit and vegetable vendors' waste management practices. Vendors and government employees participated in focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Results showed an average of 100-200 kilograms of waste were collected in the market daily, with leafy vegetables, watermelon, melon, and saba as common types. Focus group discussions revealed that discounted prices for suboptimal items, quality assurance methods, adherence to First-In-First-Out principles, and marketing strategies were the vendors' efforts to reduce waste. The identified approaches in handling wastes were, giving them as animal feed, creating alternative products, and returning damaged products to suppliers. Key informant interviews disclosed that the local government and market administration practices in waste management were composting and donation as animal feed for the local zoo. Moreover, it revealed improvement in the management of implementing the ordinances. Problems encountered were focused on supplier issues, weather, market competition, and consumer preferences. Overall, their waste management reduces food waste disposed of in landfills. Recommended strategies for vendors and administration are valorizing food waste, organizing awareness and livelihood programs, and conducting regular evaluations.

Exploring the Lives of Women Rag Pickers in an Indian Metropolitan City: A Mixed-Methods Cross-Sectional Study on Social and Occupational Determinants Shaping Their Existence.

Globally, occupational hazards are a concern, especially in waste management. With 31.2% of its population in urban areas, India is confronted withescalating waste management challenges. People worldwide generate about two-thirds of a kilogram of waste daily. Effective solid waste management is crucial due to population growth, changing waste patterns, and rapid urbanisation. It profoundly impacts environmental, resident, and worker health. Rag picking is an informal profession undertaken by a marginalised population of the society, which involves collecting waste from trash cans, streets, and household waste. To assess the burden and the pattern of morbidity, and the occupational factors associated with it, as well as their health-seeking behaviour, the present study was carried out among women rag pickers in Mumbai, India. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through a mixed-method approach in Mumbai's Chembur and Govandi areas, focusing on women rag pickers aged 15 to 49 years. The research was conducted over a period of three months, during which a total of 150 female rag pickers from individual familieswere identified and included in the study through purposive sampling.The structured questionnaires gathered quantitative data on socio-demographics, health-seeking behaviour, morbidity, and monthly expenses. The qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions with rag pickers, analysing themes related to rag picking as occupational preference and substance usage factors. Ethical approval from the institute and informed consentfrom each participant were obtained prior to data collection. Among the cohort of 150 women ragpickers, 67.3% were aged between 15 and 30 years, with 82% belonging to the lower socio-economic class. A notable 43.4% of these women engaged in significant tobacco use, primarily through oral consumption, while about 56.7% of their family members exhibited high substance use, including pan, tobacco, and alcohol. In terms of health-seeking behaviour, 51% refrained from seeking treatment for minor ailments, 29% resorted to home remedies or self-medication, and 20% sought care at hospitals. A morbidity analysis over the past three months revealed prevalent health issues, informing potential interventions. Examination of monthly expenditure patterns unveiled an average income of 9000 INR (130 USD), with a significant 61% allocation towards food and grocery expenses. Qualitative insights indicated that the preference for rag picking was driven by limited alternativesand substance use was influenced by peers and served as a means to cope with stress. These findings underscoredistinct health-seeking behaviours, and the unique needs of women rag pickers, providing valuable guidance for targeted policies to enhance their well-being. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve the well-being and socio-economic conditions of women rag pickers in India. Universal healthcare coverage, community-based initiatives,and social inclusion are vital for addressing their unique challenges and enhancing their quality of life.

Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Machine Learning to Enhance Black Soldier Fly Larvae-Based Composting of Kitchen Waste

Around 40% to 60% of municipal solid waste originates from kitchens, offering a valuable resource for compost production. Traditional composting methods such as windrow, vermi-, and bin composting are space-intensive and time-consuming. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) present a promising alternative, requiring less space and offering ease of handling. This research encompasses experimental data collection, life cycle assessment, and machine learning, and employs the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm in an Artificial Neural Network, to optimize kitchen waste treatment using BSFL. Factors such as time, larval population, aeration frequency, waste composition, and container surface area were considered. Results showed that BSFL achieved significant waste reduction, ranging from 70% to 93% by weight and 65% to 85% by volume under optimal conditions. Key findings included a 15-day treatment duration, four times per day aeration frequency, 600 larvae per kilogram of waste, layering during feeding, and kitchen waste as the preferred feed. The larvae exhibited a weight gain of 2.2% to 6.5% during composting. Comparing the quality of BSFL compost to that obtained with conventional methods revealed its superiority in terms of waste reduction (50% to 73% more) and compost quality. Life cycle assessment confirmed the sustainability advantages of BSFL. Machine learning achieved high accuracy of prediction reaching 99.5%.

Hospital Solid Waste Status: A Case Study of Dosso Mother and Child Health Center (CSME) in Niger

Thus, this study evaluated the solid waste management of the mother and child health center (CSME) of Dosso to contribute to its improvement. The approach involved conducting surveys and interviews, quantifying waste production, and analyzing how it is managed. According to the CSME Dosso hospital solid waste management analysis, all surface technicians were trained in hospital waste management, but 69% were illiterate. However, as part of this management, 51 bins of different capacities are set up for the entire establishment, including (18 bins with a capacity of 240 liters, 14 bins with 20 liters, and 19 small baskets with 10 liters). This characterization, based on both qualitative and quantitative measurements, indicates that Dosso CSME produces 167.63 kilograms of waste per day, 58.67 tons of waste per year, of which 72% is waste that is risk-free, primarily waste. Approximately 28% of waste, including household waste and containing infectious, toxic, and anatomical risks, is at risk. The disposal of this produced waste is done either by burning, by landfilling, or by burial in pits dug without any standards. This management through these different stages constitutes a source of environmental impact. This analysis also shows that the Dosso CSME needs a waste management plan and an operational incinerator, given the absence of administrative regulations, unqualified technicians, and insufficient financial resources.

#Bhayplastik Campaign Via Instagram by Telkomsel to Build Environmentally Friendly Brand

Two years ago, plastic waste in Indonesia has reached 66.5 million tons and in 2025, it can reach 70.8 million tons with an estimated that each person produces 0.7 kilograms of waste per day. Telkomsel, launched the #BhayPlastik movement on December 17, 2018, regarding protecting the environment. The research aims to find out how the #BhayPlastik campaign on Instagram by Telkomsel build the brand. This research used a mix method. Mix-method research is a method that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches in terms of methodology as in the data collection stage. The results show that the #BhayPlastik campaign has a positive influence on Telkomsel's brand image. This regression analysis can be declared valid, because a value of 0.674 indicates a positive value. Telkomsel has strength in its competence as a telecommunications company that also cares about the environment. Conclusion, through the #Bhayplastic campaign on Instagram, Telkomsel succeeded in strengthening the brand on its Instagram followers. Telkomsel is getting its identity as a telecommunications product that cares about environmental preservation.

Kontribusi Bank Sampah Berbasis Digital sebagai Alternatif Peningkatan Pendapatan Warga

Abstract: Purpose: The service team aims to provides alternative solutions to overcome waste management problems, namely by providing assistance to residents through outreach activities and education to residents about waste management that is considered useless to have economic value, formation of waste bank agents, registration assistance to weighing assistance. Methodology: The implementation of this community service starts from analyzing the problem, then conducting education and socialization as well as providing assistance in the formation of a Waste Bank. Results: The result of this service activity are the formation of the Bank Sampah Hijau Bina Mandiri and its management, and the registration of the Bank Sampah to Main office Bank Sampah Digital a total of 52 members with selected types of saving being money savings, basic necessities saving, sacrificial saving, umroh saving. Weighing of waste is carried out in the second month of this activity with a total of 208 kilograms of waste according to is type with a total income of IDR 384.900. this amount is certainly an additional income for residents from waste management Conclusion: This activity has a positive impact, namely residents have awareness, knowledge and understanding of the impacts arising from improper waste management, and encourage active participation of residents to protect the environment by converting waste that is considered useless into having economic value so that there is an increase in residents' income. Keywords: 1. Accompaniment 2. Waste Management 3. Waste Bank

Meningkatkan Taraf Hidup Dan Kebersihan Lingkungan Masyarakat Kenten Dengan Pemanfaatan Maggot Sebagai Pengurai Sampah Organik

Kenten Village is one of the villages in Banyuasin Regency with a fairly high population density. High population density certainly affects the surrounding environment, one of which is waste. In 2022, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry predicts there will be 35 million kilograms of waste, which is dominated by household waste. For now, various solutions have emerged to deal with this waste issue. Therefore, the Village Community Empowerment Program (P2MD) team carried out a program with the theme Empowerment of Waste Processing in the Community by Utilizing Maggot BSF (Black Soldier Fly) as a Waste Decomposer. This program is carried out by the extension method. There are several stages carried out in this program, namely observation, program planning, socialization, program implementation, and evaluation. The results of this program are the creation of a clean environment in the Kenten village, and an increase in economic value which is the sale of the results of the decomposition of organic waste with Maggot BSF.

THERMAL ENERGY EVALUATION OF THE INCINERATOR MEDICAL WASTE

The global warming problem and the rising cost of energy has raised the interest in the application of alternative energy for the energy system to increase efficiency and to reduce the emission of pollution. However, the key challenge of the energy systems was to find an appropriate way to decrease energy loss and increase the efficiency of energy transfer. This research aimed to evaluate the thermal energy obtained and heat loss from the incinerator waste installed in Suphan Buri Province, Thailand. The incinerator system composed of 6 sections: the first section was a waste hopper and feeder, the second section was the rotary kiln primary, the third section was a secondary chamber, the fourth section was the ash cooling conveyer, the fifth section was cyclone and the sixth section was a stack. This study applied 200 kilograms of waste and 200 liters of diesel oils as raw materials for the incineration process. The results showed that the total flow rate from overall input materials was 875 kilograms per hour and the total heat rate from overall inputs was 3,503,032.25° Kelvin. In terms of heat losses, total heat losses from the surface were 2,789,424.75 ° Kelvin while overall heat losses were 3,503,032.25 ° Kelvin. The results showed high thermal efficiency and suitable for application in the engineering process.

Investigation of Acid-Base and Redox Regimes of Tin Ores Enrichment Wastes in Primorye and Priamurye

The elemental and mineral composition of enrichment and processing wastes of tin ore and possible chemical processes occurring in these wastes are analyzed. The article discusses the manifestations of acid-base and redox potentials of waste enrichment of tin ores of Primorye and Priamurye. As a result of these processes, the composition and chemical properties of the studied objects are constantly changing in time and space, so it is important to study their acid-base and redox potentials. Typically, the state of the waste deposits is estimated using indicators Eh and pH, characterizing the active manifestation of the acid-base and redox properties; the hidden possibilities of the studied objects are not taken into account and are not evaluated. To evaluate these possibilities, the authors determined such indicators as total acidity and alkalinity, the number of oxidation and reduction centers (mmole equivalent per kilogram of waste). Analysis of results showed that waste processing tin ore can at the expense of the latent acidity to constantly maintain an acid-base mode, but at the expense of reduction centers to support rH less 28, i.e. to create a shortage of oxygen. Thus, when developing a system of measures to prevent the negative impact of tin ore processing wastes, it is necessary to take into account the facts of “inexhaustibility” of reserves of constantly generating acidic and reducing centers of these wastes.

Identification of waste management strategies and waste generation factors for thermal power plant sector wastes in Turkey.

Thermal power plants are of great environmental importance in terms of the huge amounts of wastes that they produce. Although there are process-wise differences among these energy production systems, they all depend on the logic of burning out a fuel and obtaining thermal energy to rotate the turbines. Depending on the process modification and the type of fuel burned, the wastes produced in each step of the overall process may change. In this study, the most expected process and non-process wastes stemming from different power generation processes have been identified and given their European Waste Codes. Giving priority to the waste minimization options for the most problematic wastes from thermal power plants, waste management strategies have been defined. In addition, by using the data collected from site visits, from the literature and provided by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, waste generation factor ranges expressed in terms of kilogram of waste per energy produced annually (kg/MWh) have been estimated. As a result, the highest generation was found to be in fly ash (24-63 for imported coal, 200-270 for native coal), bottom ash (1.3-6 for imported coal, 42-87 for native coal) and the desulfurization wastes (7.3-32) produced in coal combustion power plants. The estimated waste generation factors carry an important role in that they aid the authorities to monitor the production wastes declared by the industries.

Evaluation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission Decrease Through Waste Composting

The organic waste disposal under anaerobic conditions emits Methane, which causes increased global warming. This study attempts to find the emission factor in windrow waste composting systems from two sizes of gathered organic waste piles. Designed to compare two groups of composting piles, one pile consisted of 500 kilograms of waste originating from local authorities while the other amounted to 250 kilograms of waste collected from households. With six piles of each type, aeration was done by manual turning and emissions were sampled in closed flux chambers and analyzed by gas chromatographs. A control experiment, modeling landfill sites, was set up in a one x one x one meter hole. Results from the experiment showed that emission ratios from the 500 kg was 1.3613 x 10-3 g CO2-eq kg-1 wet waste, and 1.3427 x 10-3 g CO2-eq kg-1 wet waste from the 250 kg experiment. The 500 kg experiment decreased emissions by 0.059185 g CO2-eq kg-1 wet waste and the 250 kg experiment, emissions decreased by 0.059206 g CO2-eq kg-1 wet waste when compared to the control group. In summary, pile size has no effect on emission ratios. Statistical testing found no significance difference between emissions from the 500 kg compared with the 250 kg. This study tells us that massive landfill or waste composting is difference effect.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2016, Page: 44-55

A Waste of Space -Solutions to Ontario's Landfill Problems

Canada is one of the countries that produce hundreds of kilograms of waste per captia, a number that continues to increase steadily each year. In 2007, our country generated twice as much waste as Japan. Major cities in Ontario, such as Toronto and Ottawa, are facing issues of their landfills reaching its capacity within the next decade. I will research the waste management practices of countries that have a high waste diversion rate and analyze how these practices can be incorporated into Ontario’s regulations. The countries I will discuss the background of the practices are Sweden and Finland because of the similarities to Ontario. Each technology and method used will be analyzed, and a discussion will follow on the applicability of use in Ontario.

Energy Loss on High-Temperature Plasma Processing Waste Printed Circuit Boards

This paper estimates the electrical energy loss on high-temperature plasma processing waste printed circuit boards. Using three plasma torch powers in big output power (60W) and a plasma torch power in relatively small output power (30W), after 4.5 hours of high-temperature plasma incineration, 43 kilograms of waste printed circuit boards was successively fused at high temperature plasma incinerator. After calculating, the total electrical energy loss for four powers was about 1,070 kilowatts hours during sample incineration.

Separating, baling and processing waste

The economy based on the exploitation of fossil fuels has entered the phase of disappearance, and a new one is being formed under the influence of the third industrial revolution. The third industrial revolution is developing from the process of the resolution of serious problems that have appeared in the ecosystem, and demands a new platform of interaction between the world's governments, civil society and the business world [Stigson 2008]. The consumer society that was developing until the beginning of the 21st century started from the premise that we cannot expect charity from nature. Regardless of their renewability and speed of renewal, natural resources should have been used in the measure in which humanity needed it. Needs rose uncontrollably, damaging the basic principle by which the balance of the biosphere was maintained - the parity of community members' insignificance. The man with the technosphere prevailed over the biosphere. Since nothing is provided for free and nature knows best, the beginning of the 21st century is seeing renewed attempts to establish a co-evolution of nature and society. This necessitates radical changes in people's work, lifestyle and thinking. The problem of waste requires a total break with previous practices. The existing 6.6 billion people annually produce between 2.5 and 4 billion tons of waste (The Millennium Development Goals Report 2008). Developed countries such as, e.g., the US, annually produce about 700 kilograms of waste per person, while poor countries, such as, e.g., the urban parts of India, produce only 150 kilograms per person annually. Each resident of the EU leaves behind 500 kg of waste per year. Serbia has the same civilization problems. In addition, as a transition country, it is in a position to decide the extent to which this problem will be in the hands of state companies and how much will be left to private capital owners. Moreover, Serbia is creating a development strategy that also includes food production. The agricultural-food production sector, which is one of the biggest environmental polluters, has always made up a significant part of Serbia's GDP. This paper attempts to emphasize the complexity of the problem of waste and the necessity of cooperation between all organizations within the decision-making process.

Fuel consumption estimation for kerbside municipal solid waste (MSW) collection activities

Fuel consumption during seven different daily activities of a garbage co-collection truck and a normal packer truck was estimated from the trucks' global positioning system (GPS) data and fuel consumption records. The co-collection and the normal garbage packer consumed approximately 1.8 L and 1.26 L of diesel per km, respectively, while travelling within the collection areas. Using these fuel rates and the GPS data, the results show that both types of trucks consumed more than 60% of daily total fuel while actually collecting waste on the route. The average daily fuel consumption was 2-4 times higher on rural routes compared to urban areas. Fuel consumption varied significantly depending on the housing density along the collection route. In addition, approximately 5-6 times as much fuel was required to collect a kilogram of waste on a rural route compared to an urban route. Potential methods of reducing fuel consumption were examined. Consistent use of optimal collection routes could potentially save an average of 7.5 L of fuel per truck per day. Reducing the loading time per stop was also studied, but the results suggest that this method does not have significant potential to reduce fuel consumption.

Congress's nuclear waste ‘contract with America’ — Where do we go from here?

The 50-year history of the U.S. high-level nuclear waste program claims not a single kilogram of waste disposed. Now more than ever this matter demands a solution, for economic and other reasons. An independent, accountable agency with a properly designed management structure is at the heart of the solution.

THE ECONOMICS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

This article examines the generation and management of municipal solid waste through the lens of economics. The authors estimate that the global burden of municipal solid waste amounted to 1.3 billion metric tons in 1990, or two-thirds of a kilogram of waste per person per day. Industrial countries account for a disproportionately high share of the world's waste relative to their share of world population, while developing countries account for a disproportionately high share of the world's waste relative to their share of world income. Analyses across countries and over time reveal that the generation of municipal solid waste is positively related to variations in per capita income and that the generation of municipal solid waste per capita does not vary with population size among countries with comparable per capita income. Practices for collecting, processing, and disposing of municipal solid waste vary widely across countries, generally in accord with the nature of the waste stream and key environmental and economic features. The least efficient practices tend to be found in developing countries, creating serious threats to local environmental quality and public health. Although considerable evidence indicates that the generation and management of waste is sensitive to income and price variables, natural incentives to overuse common property and the presence of inter- generational externalities both suggest that private economic behavior will not yield socially optimal outcomes in this area. Community intervention may be needed to promote the social good, with evidence accumulating in support of arrangements involving the participation of private firms. The authors' calculations also suggest that improvements made now in the handling of hazardous waste will be far less expensive in discounted terms than undoing in the future the damage being caused by current practices. Addressing these issues from a rational societal perspective will become increasingly urgent in the future, especially in the developing countries, where the authors project that municipal solid waste will increase at an annual rate of 2.7 percent through the year 2010.

Mobile Plasma Pyrolysis

A thermal plasma, properly applied to toxic waste destruction, provides a pyrolytic environment with distinct advantages over other competing technologies. Complete atomization of organic fluids has been demonstrated to occur in less than one third of a millisecond. Kinetic recombinations of atomic entities are predictable. Chlorinated wastes produce a hydrogen chloride byproduct which is completely converted to salt in a caustic scrubber. Destruction efficiencies in excess of 99.9999 percent have been corroborated by external monitoring agencies for the destruction of Askarel fluids with chlorine contents up to 58 percent. Since this process is pyrolytic, the scale of the equipment is small for high throughput rates. Energy requirements for the destruction of Askarels are typically less than one kilowatt-hour per kilogram of waste. A mobile prototype unit is being constructed for the Department of Environmental Conservation of the State of New York for a throughput rate of one gallon per minute of liquid waste. The mobility and efficiency of such systems limit the controversy associated with siting fixed facilities.