Kidney Disease Research Articles

Incremental hemodialysis transition in veterans and nonveterans with kidney failure

Purpose of review Initiation of hemodialysis treatment with a thrice-weekly prescription is currently the standard of care irrespective of patients’ residual kidney function (RKF), comorbidities, and preferences. Recent findings Each year ∼12 000 Veterans with advanced kidney disease progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring dialysis and comprise greater than 10% of the US incident ESKD population. Dialysis is costly and is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and high mortality risk, especially in the first year of treatment. Evidence suggests an incremental dialysis transition using twice-weekly hemodialysis provides various benefits, including more dialysis-free time, longer RKF preservation, less vascular access damage, and lower patient burden. Pragmatic studies are needed to inform the efficacy and safety of incremental hemodialysis as a personalized dialysis regimen, and could inform its consideration as a conservation strategy during times of supply shortages. Broadly implementing twice-weekly hemodialysis could also potentially allow more Veterans to receive care within VA-based dialysis units. The VA IncHVets Trial is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of twice-weekly incremental vs. thrice-weekly hemodialysis among Veterans transitioning to ESKD. Summary Further research is needed to determine whether incremental hemodialysis is well tolerated, effective, and facilitates a more favorable transition to dialysis.

The Effect of Denosumab on Risk for Emergently Treated Hypocalcemia by Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease

The Effect of Denosumab on Risk for Emergently Treated Hypocalcemia by Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease

Identifying predictors of stroke in young adults: a machine learning analysis of sex-specific risk factors

IntroductionStroke among Americans under age 49 is increasing. While the risk factors for stroke among older adults are well-established, evidence on stroke causes in young adults remains limited. This study used machine learning techniques to explore the predictors of stroke in young men and women.MethodsThe least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO) was applied to data from Wave V of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 12,300)—nationally representative, longitudinal panel containing demographic, lifestyle, and clinical information for individuals aged 33–43—to identify the key factors associated with stroke in men and women. The resulting LASSO model was tested and validated on an independent sample and model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration. For robustness, synthetic minority over sampling technique (SMOTE) was applied to address data imbalance and analyses were repeated on the balanced sample.ResultsApproximately 1.1% (N = 59) and 1.3% (N = 90) of the 5,318 and 6,970 men and women in the sample reported having a stroke. LASSO was used to predict stroke using demographic, lifestyle, and clinical predictors on both balanced and imbalanced data sets. LASSO performed slightly better on the balanced data set for women compared to the unbalanced set (Female AUC: 0.835 vs. 0.842), but performance for men was nearly identical (Male AUC: 0.820 vs. 0.822). Predictor identification was similar across both sets. For females, marijuana use, receipt of health services, education, self-rated health status, kidney disease, migraines, diabetes, depression, and PTSD were predictors. Among males, income, kidney disease, heart disease, diabetes, PTSD, and anxiety were risk factors.ConclusionsThis study showed similar clinical risk factors among men and women. However, variations in the behavioral and lifestyle determinants between sexes highlight the need for tailored interventions and public health strategies to address sex-specific stroke risk factors among young adults.

Aldosterone synthase inhibitors for cardiorenal protection: ready for prime time?

Background: Aldosterone, through its genomic and non-genomic effects, plays an important role in cardiovascular and renal injury. Steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are fundamental to offset the aldosterone-mediated cardiorenal damage, but side effects may limit their use in a substantial proportion of patients. On the other hand, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (NS-MRA) showed improved selectivity and safety profile. However, interfering with the MRA could only partially inhibit aldosterone mediated effect both because of escaping mechanisms and potential non-genomic activity. Summary: Inhibiting aldosterone synthesis could be a promising strategy to abolish aldosterone-mediated cardiovascular side effects. Aldosterone is primarily synthesized by the CYP11B2 enzyme, which is very similar to CYP11B1, a key enzyme involved in glucocorticoid production. Lack of specificity for CYP11B2 and consequent off-target effects hampered the development of first-generation aldosterone synthase inhibitors (ASIs). The subsequent development of highly specific ASIs led to successful clinical trials in patients with resistant and uncontrolled hypertension. Key Messages: A recent randomized clinical trial showed a significant benefit of ASIs in patients with chronic kidney disease and albuminuria. However, further outcome based clinical trials are needed to confirm the promising role of ASIs in cardiorenal damage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Background: Compared to ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has higher mortality and more severe disability. Asian such as Chinese and Japanese and Mexican Americans, Latin Americans, African Americans, Native Americans have higher incidences than do white Americans. So, ICH is an important cerebrovascular disease in Asia. Summary: ICH accounts for approximately 10-20% of all strokes. The incidence of ICH is higher in low- and middle-income than high-income countries and is estimated 8-15% in western countries like USA, UK and Australia, and 18-24% in Japan, Taiwan and Korea. The ICH incidence increases exponentially with age, and old age especially over 80 years is a major predictor of mortality independent of ICH severity. Females are older at the onset of ICH and have higher clinical severity than males. Modifiable risk factors include blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, lipid profiles, use of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents and sympathomimetic drugs. Non-modifiable risk factors constitute old age, male gender, Asian ethnicity, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral microbleed, and chronic kidney disease. Blood pressure is the most important risk factor of ICH. Imaging markers may help predict ICH outcome, which include black hole sign, blend sign, iodine sign, island sign, leakage sign, satellite sign, spot sign, spot-tail sign, swirl sign, and hypodensities. ICH prognostic scoring system such as ICH scoring system and ICH grading scale scoring system in Chinese and Osaka prognostic score and Naples prognostic score has been used to predict ICH outcome. Early minimally invasive removal of ICH can be recommended for lobar ICH of 30–80 mL within 24 hours after onset. Decompressive craniectomy without clot evacuation might benefit ICH patients aged 18–75 years with 30–100 mL at basal ganglia or thalamus. However, clinical studies are needed to investigate the effect of surgery on patients with smaller or larger ICH, ICH in non-lobar locations, and for older patients or patients with preexisting disability. Surgical treatment is usually associated with neurological sequels if survived. For medical treatment, blood pressure lowering should be careful titrated to secure continuous smooth and sustained control and avoid peaks and large variability in systolic blood pressure. Stroke and cancer are the most common causes of death in Asian ICH patients, compared to stroke and cardiac disease in non-Asian patients. Key Messages: The incidence and outcome are different between Asian and non-Asian patients, and more clinical studies are needed to investigate the best management for Asian ICH patients.

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease among diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertensive individuals in the general population of the northern region of Senegal

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely linked to high blood pressure (HBP) which is its leading cause in developing countries. Hypertension affect 1.2 billion people worldwide. However, a significant portion of individuals with HBP are undiagnosed and their kidney function is even less known. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among three sub-groups of blood pressure status (normotensive, diagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypertension) individuals. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the general population of three northern regions in Senegal using a two-level cluster sampling method. The sample was constituted with a precision of 5% and a power of 80%, with an additional 10% attrition margin. Individuals aged 18 – 80 years were included in the study after consent. Pregnant women, hospitalized persons within the past three months, patients with general or urinary symptoms within the past seven days and individuals undergoing renal replacement therapy were excluded. Investigators collected Clinical and biological data at participants' homes using a modified version of the WHO's STEPwise questionnaire. Samples were collected for biochemical analysis (serum creatinine, lipid profile and blood sugar). Estimated GFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI 2021 formula. Results: A total of 2441 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 45.4 +/- 16.0 years and a sex ratio M/F of 0.4. The Overall prevalence of HBP and CKD were respectively 52.0% and 17.8%. Three out of every five hypertensive patients were undiagnosed. Chronic kidney disease was more frequent among known hypertensive patients (30.5%) compared to individuals with undiagnosed hypertension (19.1%) and normotensive individuals (10.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that CKD was associated with older age and female sex. Conclusion: Undiagnosed hypertension is common among populations in northern Senegal. A high prevalence of CKD was found among both diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals with hypertension. Extending strategies for early detection and management in the general population could help prevent or reduce morbidity and mortality associated with CKD.

Assessment of podocyte detachment as a pivotal step in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Abstract Background Podocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of podocytes. When podocytes are injured, they may detach leading to podocytopenia, which represents a critical step in the development of podocytopathy and subsequently deterioration of renal functions. Pathological assessment of podocytopenia plays a crucial role in diagnosing underlying kidney diseases. Aim To assess detached podocytes and evaluate their diagnostic role in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study, conducted on 67 archival renal biopsies with the clinical diagnosis of steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and diagnosed as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and podocytopathy with detached podocytes by electron microscopy (EM). Colloidal iron stain and Desmin immunohistochemical stain were performed. Assessment of the mean percent of stained pixels in relation to the surface tuft area of the glomerulus, i.e., mean percent of stained area (PSA) was done using image analysis system (ImageJ 1.52a) software. Results Podocytopathy with detached podocytes was diagnosed in 35 (52.24%) cases, while FSGS was diagnosed in 32 (47.76%) cases. Regarding detached podocytes, 27 (49.3%) cases showed no detached podocytes by light microscopy (LM), while only 4 (6%) showed severe podocyte detachment. There was a statistically significant difference between control cases and both podocytopathy with detached podocytes and FSGS regarding mean PSA (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Standardized reporting of detached podocyte cells is becoming mandatory as they have a high positive predictive value for the expected EM picture.

Utility of shear wave elastography in evaluation of children with chronic kidney disease

Utility of shear wave elastography in evaluation of children with chronic kidney disease

Bioinformatics analysis of key genes and potential therapeutic agents for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease

Bioinformatics analysis of key genes and potential therapeutic agents for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease

Internet use and health literacy among pediatric chronic kidney disease patients and their caregivers

Internet use and health literacy among pediatric chronic kidney disease patients and their caregivers

The safety of indocyanine green in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease or kidney transplantation – a scoping review

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) is increasingly being used in the field of image-guided surgery. Although ICG is considered non-nephrotoxic in current literature, caution is advised for the use of ICG in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), including kidney transplant recipients. Therefore, a scoping review was performed to assess the safety of ICG in patients with advanced CKD or a renal allograft. This scoping review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase were searched for articles and abstracts in which ICG was administered in patients with CKD or a renal allograft. The extracted data included the incidence of adverse events, kidney function after injection of ICG, preservation of transplant function, and type of other possible complications. The initial search resulted in 635 records of which nineteen studies were found eligible for the review. ICG was used for multiple purposes but never specifically as an objective to investigate possible nephrotoxicity. No adverse events were reported in the transplant group (n=250) or the CKD group (n= 74). Despite ICG-injection, preservation of transplant function after transplantation surgery was 94% in 198 patients, and no increase in possible ICG-related other complications was reported. This scoping review found no evidence that ICG increases the risk of adverse events in patients with CKD, including kidney transplant recipients. Therefore, the administration of ICG should not be withheld from these patients.

Three-year changes in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T and total mortality in older adults

Abstract Elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTnT) is associated with mortality in older adults. However, little is known about the implications of changes over time. We investigated hs-cTnT 3-year change and its association with subsequent mortality in the Activity and Function in the Elderly Study. Participants with baseline and follow-up hs-cTnT < 5 ng/L built the reference group (G1 = 156). Five groups were defined among those with an increment over time: Undetectable at baseline: follow-up < 14 ng/L (G2 = 295), follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L (G3 = 24). Baseline 5 to <14 ng/L: follow-up < 14 ng/L (G4 = 101), follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L (G5 = 96). G6 included baseline and follow-up > 14 ng/L (n = 74). Cox-proportional hazards models evaluated the association with mortality adjusting for age, sex, education, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, number of medications, hs-CRP, and NT-proBNP. Among 745 participants (median age 75.9 years, 58.9% male) we observed 98 deaths (median follow-up 4.8 years). G1 had the lowest mortality rate (MR) (5.2 per 1000 person-years). The highest MR were observed by follow-up ≥ 14 ng/L: G3: 95.4 and G6: 100.4 per 1000 person-years, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 5.22 [95% CI 1.46, 18.65] and 3.40 [95% CI 1.02, 11.34], respectively. Hs-cTnT trajectories could help to identify older adults with a high mortality risk even after further adjustment including hs-CRP and NT-proBNP.

Simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation: A qualitative study of partners’ experiences

Chronic health conditions often affect the lives of family members as well as the patient themselves. The current study aimed to explore the experiences of partners of individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) who received a simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant (SPKT) to understand the wider impact of SPKTs. Eight partners of recipients of SPKT were interviewed about their experiences before and after the transplant. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Participants described how they navigated life with an unwell partner; sub-themes included a) living with pervasive worry, b) the challenge of enhanced responsibilities, and c) the buffering effect of social support. Diabetes complications, such as the experience of severe hypoglycaemia, particularly fuelled worry. Participants felt great relief after their partner’s successful transplant but also faced certain realities around the potential for their partner’s health to deteriorate again. The study highlights the impact of diabetes and CKD on patients’ families and the wider benefit of transplantation, not just for the patient. The pancreas transplant, in addition to the kidney, relieved partners of their worry about hypoglycaemic events and the development of diabetes complications. Partners may benefit from being encouraged to seek support and to maintain their own health and wellbeing.

Precision Medicine Proof-of-Concept Study of a TNF Inhibitor in FSGS and Treatment-Resistant Minimal Change Disease

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and treatment-resistant minimal change disease (TR-MCD) are heterogeneous disorders with subgroups defined by distinct underlying mechanisms of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. A non-invasive urinary biomarker profile has been generated to identify patients with intra-kidney tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-activation and to predict response to anti-TNF treatment. We conducted this proof-of-concept, multi-center, open-label clinical trial to test the hypothesis that in patients with FSGS or TR-MCD and evidence of intra-renal TNF activation based on their biomarker profile, short-term treatment with adalimumab would reverse the elevated urinary excretion of MCP-1 and TIMP-1. Methods: Patients with FSGS or TR-MCD, eGFR>30 ml/min/1.73 m2, urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR) ≥1.5 g/g, and age 6-80 year were eligible for this trial. Adalimumab, 20-40 mg, was administered via subcutaneous injection, every 2 weeks for 5 doses. Participants were evaluated at weeks 0 (Baseline), 2, 8, and 10. Excretion of urinary (u) uMCP-1, uTIMP-1, uEGF, and plasma MCP-1 were measured at each visit. Results: Seven participants were enrolled, with median baseline UPCR 12.1 mg/mg (IQR: 2.2, 18.6), serum albumin 2.4 g/dL (IQR: 2.0, 2.8), and eGFR 57 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR: 44, 96). Based on self-report, they received all prescribed doses of adalimumab. The patients with the most favorable response based on the changes in urinary biomarkers had the best preserved kidney parenchyma based on uEGF excretion. Conclusions: Precision medicine trials are feasible in rare glomerular disorders. In this pilot study, adalimumab resulted in a heterogenous response of the candidate mechanistic-predictive biomarkers of TNF-mediated inflammation in patients with FSGS or TR-MCD. A reduction was seen in a subgroup of patients with preserved kidney parenchyma. The findings may reflect the challenge to reverse chronic injury at advanced stages of kidney disease or insufficient intra-renal target engagement with the intervention drug dose.

Association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors in elderly: results from the first phase of Fasa and Shahedieh cohort studies

Association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors in elderly: results from the first phase of Fasa and Shahedieh cohort studies

Eye diseases in chronic kidney disease: A nationwide longitudinal case–control study in Sweden

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health issue that is becoming more prevalent globally, increasing financial cost on healthcare systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of eye diseases in patients diagnosed with CKD in Sweden and to evaluate which eye diseases are most likely to develop.MethodsA longitudinal population‐based retrospective case–control study was conducted including all individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease during the time period 2001–2019. A total of 19 455 cases and 38 890 controls were included. For each case, two controls were matched with the same sex, age, and county of residence.ResultsCKD patients had a significantly higher risk of contracting any eye disease compared to individuals without kidney disease HR 1.73 (CI 1.67–1.79), with an elevated risk for all blocks of diagnoses except for glaucoma HR 0.95 (CI 0.85–1.06). However, this condition developed earlier in cases than in controls. Subanalyses showed an increased risk for chronic eye disease patients to develop cataract HR 1.70 (CI 1.63–1.78), other retinal disorders HR 1.86 (CI 1.72–2.02), and retinal vascular occlusions HR 2.08 (CI 1.73–2.51). In general, diagnosis of an eye disease occurred earlier in cases than controls.ConclusionsThe results from this study suggest that CKD patients have an increased risk to develop eye disease. Ocular disease seems to develop considerably earlier in CKD, even without staging the severity of the disease, with particularly high risk of developing retinal diseases and cataracts. Screening for eye disease in CKD should be considered.

Persistent elevation of parathyroid hormone after curative parathyroidectomy: A risk factor for recurrent hyperparathyroidism

AbstractBackgroundUp to 45% of patients may have persistently elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels after curative parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), although the clinical significance is unclear. We aimed to assess the long‐term clinical significance of persistently elevated PTH early after parathyroidectomy.MethodsA prospectively collected institutional database was queried for patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for sporadic PHPT between 12/99 and 6/22 and had normal serum calcium levels at 6 months postoperatively. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including diagnoses associated with secondary HPT (gastrointestinal malabsorptive diseases, kidney disease, and vitamin D deficiency). Patients were divided into two groups: normal PTH or elevated PTH at 6 months postoperatively. The rate of persistently elevated PTH, average time to PTH normalization, and time to recurrence were determined.ResultsThe final cohort included 1146 patients; 849 (91%) had normal PTH levels and 194 (17%) had early postoperative normocalcemia with elevated PTH at 6 months postoperatively. Among 194 patients (mean follow‐up: 50 ± 53 months), 14 (7.2%) developed recurrent pHPT and 86 (44.3%) had normalization of PTH levels (median time to normalization: 12 months) (IQR: 9 and 15). There was no difference in the presence of diagnoses associated with secondary HPT between patients who had recurrent PHPT, normalization of PTH levels, or remained normocalcemic with persistently elevated PTH levels. The median time to recurrence was 22 months (IQR: 11 and 48) for the 7.2% of patients who developed recurrent PHPT compared to 2.4% in the 849 patients with normal calcium and PTH levels at 6 months (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFollowing curative parathyroidectomy, persistent elevation of PTH levels is not uncommon. Although most patients have a durable cure, it may be an early sign of persistent/recurrent PHPT. Long‐term surveillance for recurrence is necessary.

A sustainable HPTLC approach for green assessment of Tyrosine to phenylalanine ratio in chronic kidney disease

AbstractThe kidney is considered the main site for the net release of Tyrosine (Tyr) to the circulation through hydroxylation of Phenylalanine (Phe) using phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients the enzyme activity is impaired, therefore the serum concentration ratio of Tyr/Phe is reduced compared to healthy individuals. This motivates us to develop a cost effective, green, simple, sensitive, and selective HPTLC method to measure the levels of Tyr and Phe in serum samples. The analysis was carried out using acetonitrile: ethanol: 25% ammonia solution: ethyl acetate (6.5: 1.5: 1: 0.5) as a mobile phase. Rf values were 0.55 ± 0.05 for Phe and 0.39 ± 0.05 for Tyr. Densitometry scanning was performed using UV detector and dual wavelengths of 210 and 225 nm were obtained. A linear correlation was observed between the levels of Phe and Tyr, ranging from 50 to 700 ng band− 1 and 50 to 600 ng band− 1, respectively, under the optimum conditions. The method selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness were all confirmed in accordance with ICH recommendations. Calculations of the separation and resolution factors, number of theoretical plates, and height equivalent to theoretical plates prove to the chromatographic system accuracy and high separation efficiency. The developed method exhibits an acceptable eco-scale when measuring the method greenness using AGREE and GAPI softwares. It was applied for the determination of Phe and Tyr concentrations in human serum samples.

Panel-reactive antibodies in kidney transplantation for patients with end-stage renal failure

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is a recognized method of treating patients with end–stage kidney disease. However, the risk of graft loss is not excluded. In Azerbaijan, kidney transplantation is mainly performed from living donors; nevertheless, there is little data on the panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) and its use in the transplantation program. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of positive panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) and short-term outcomes of living donor kidney transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within 6 months after kidney transplantation, 113 recipients were followed up. All patients underwent their first transplantation. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity cross-matching, HLA typing, and flow cytometry cross-matching were carried out. Flow cytometric analysis was applied to detect PRA. The positive response percentage is presented by the percentage of events shifted to the right of the cutoff point. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. RESULTS: Among the examined patients, men predominated. In PRA-positive patients (n = 20), the dialysis duration was on average 22.3% longer than in PRA-negative patients (n = 93). 35.0% of PRA-positive patients had class I PRA, 30.0% of patients had class II PRA, and 35.0% had class I + II PRA. In 40.0% of cases, positive PRA had high sensitization 50% (predominantly class II), and the remaining 60.0% had PRA from 10% to 50%. Sensitizing factors were more common in the PRA-positive group (p 0.05). After 6 months of folow-up, the mean creatinine level was 183.4 ± 68.84 nmol/l in the PRA-positive group and 198.15 ± 108.23 nmol/l in the PRA-negative group (p = 0.91). The overall emptying rate was 4.4% (n = 5), with all 5 cases being in the PRA-negative group. No deaths were observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: PRA positive patients usually have some sensitizing event such as pregnancy or blood transfusion. The transfusion itself was not a significant factor of sensitization in this study. Patients with high PRA levels require more thorough examination.

Novel dysregulated long non-coding RNAs in the acute kidney injury-to-chronic kidney diseases transition unraveled by transcriptomic analysis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI)-to-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition involves a complex pathomechanism, including inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis where long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in their regulation. However, to date, only a few lncRNAs have been discovered to be involved in the AKI-to-CKD transition. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the dysregulated lncRNAs in the AKI-to-CKD transition invitro and invivo. To mimic AKI-to-CKD transition both invivo and invitro, bilateral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) kidney injury was performed in Wistar rats (male), and normal rat kidney epithelial cell (NRK52E) cells were treated with exogenous transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Further processing and analysis of samples collected from these studies (e.g., biochemical, histopathology, immunofluorescence, and RNA isolation) were also performed, and transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify the dysregulated lncRNAs. Rats subjected to IR showed a significant increase in kidney injury markers (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) along with altered cell morphology). Apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis markers were markedly increased during the AKI-to-CKD transition. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed 62 and 84 unregulated and 95 and 92 downregulated lncRNAs invivo and invitro, respectively. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis revealed their involvement in various pathways, including the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), wingless-related integration site (Wnt), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways. These identified dysregulated lncRNAs significantly contribute to AKI-to-CKD transition, and their knockin/out can aid in developing targeted therapeutic interventions against AKI-to-CKD transition.