Khorezm Research Articles

HISTORY, HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RELATIONS OF THE PEOPLE OF THE KHORAZM OASIS AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

In the years of independence, the cultural life of the Khiva Khanate was studied based on new data. The history of the political, economic, and cultural relations of the peoples of the Khorezm oasis at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century was analyzed in the works of some ethnographers, historians, and orientalists, published at various times.

The History of the Development of Socio-Economic and Ethnic Cultural Relations in the Khorezm Oasis on the Eve of the Iron Age

An important hub for socio-economic and ethnocultural growth has always been the Khorezm oasis. The blending of sedentary and nomadic lives is highlighted in this study, which explores the evolution of the area throughout the late Bronze Age. The specific factors underlying socio-economic transformations and cultural integrations are still not fully understood, despite a great deal of research. Using a multidisciplinary method, this study combines theoretical modeling, historical data analysis, and archaeological investigation. Extensive excavations at strategic locations yielded the primary data, which revealed sophisticated agricultural techniques, settlement structure, and cross-cultural interactions. The findings shed important light on the importance of cultural resilience and environmental adaptability, as well as on historical urbanization processes. To find out how these changes have affected later historical eras in the long run, more investigation is required.

MODERN ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF THE UZBEKS OF THE KHORAZM OASIS

This article presents information about the ecological problems of the Khorezm oasis and the ecological culture of the oasis residents in order to prevent them.

MODERN ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF THE UZBEKS OF THE KHORAZM OASIS

This article presents information about the ecological problems of the Khorezm oasis and the ecological culture of the oasis residents in order to prevent them. ‎

Development of Architecture in the Khorezm Oasis

This article covers issues such as the peculiarities of the development of architecture in the Khorezm Oasis, the architecture and planning principles of residential and Fortress structures, and the importance of building materials in the construction of structures.

Исследование изменения сети расселения в аридной зоне Узбекистана

The paper examines the issues of integrating geodata from different sources for geoinformation mapping of the transformation of rural settlement. The object of the study is the change in the population settlement network in the Khorezm oasis and the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan. The study is based on the use of materials from official state statistics on the population in the context of individual settlements, cartographic materials and satellite imagery, and the results of field surveys for geoinformation mapping. An algorithm for geoinformation research of changes in the area and population of settlements over 1959-2023 is proposed. OpenStreet Map geodata are used as a base map, the detail and geometric accuracy of which are sufficient to calculate the quantitative characteristics of the transformation. Multi-temporal topographic maps at a scale of 1:200,000 for 1959, 1979 and 1989 are used to create geodata in vector format. Geocoding of source materials was carried out to form a database consisting of blocks for several dates. The results of the automatically calculated areas of each settlement were used to calculate their growth. Remote sensing materials, in particular, space materials obtained from the Landsat satellite for 1994, Landsat / Copernicus Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GE- BCO April 10, 2013–December 14, 2015, October 4–December 14, 2023, and posted on Google Earth Pro, are used to update data geometry. ArcGIS Online services are used for interactive mapping. Data on the population of each locality on the indicated dates were used to calculate growth for the periods 1959–1979, 1979–1989, 1989–2023. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that at certain stages of development the transformation process is characterized by qualitative and quantitative changes in the settlement network. Methods of geospatial analysis were used to identify changes in the types and forms of settlement that characterize the features of the transformation.

Monitoring land use and land cover (LULC) in the Khorezm oasis using the Esri Sentinel-2 Land Cover Explorer database

In the following study, using highly-developed remote sensing methodologies, a historical over-ten-year study of the LULC phenomenon of the Khorezm Oasis was conducted. The analysis provides valuable insights about agricultural change, water management policies and the alteration of LULC in the region, including several processes, changes in plants and irrigation levels, population density and growth of urban structures. Consequently, the work establishes an interrelation between climate variability and therefore, this assessment comes with useful policy information for any policy maker or relevant stakeholders who wish to implement good land management policies and policies that reduce any negative effects on the environment within the Khorezm Oasis. Based on the below results, it was indicated that there is a divergence in change in agricultural land, water areas, natural vegetation, and urban form based on 2018 to 2022, informing of the decrease in water areas, tree coverage, and cane regions, as well as the increase in built-up areas and bare ground. These transformations are explored with respect to socio-economic characteristics, climate fluctuations, and policy management, providing useful guides for professional communities and policymakers to design more favourable conditions for sustainable management of land and agriculture.

Update to the Status of Lindeni Tetraphylla (Vander Linden, 1825) (Odonata Gomphidae: Lindenia (De Haan, 1826)) in Uzbekistan, With Special Reference to the Khorezm Region

Considering that odontological studies have not been adequately conducted in the Khorezm oasis located in the north-western part of Uzbekistan, we presented the obtained results about the state of Lindenia tetraphylla (Vander Linden, 1825) for the last three years. Species L. Tetraphylla was included in the section “Endangered species” (LC- Least concern ver 3.1) of the International Red Book (IUCN). During our researches, this species was recorded in 3 regions of the oasis, as well as in one region of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The species L. Tetraphylla was found mainly in the protected tugai biotope areas of the oasis.

Biodiversity of helminths in Karakul sheep in the Khorezm Oasis of Uzbekistan

The purpose of the research is to study the helminth fauna and the structure of helminthocenoses of Karakul sheep in the Khorezm Oasis of Uzbekistan.Materials and methods. The material for this study was helminths collected by conventional methods from Karakul sheep from farms of different types in the Khorezm Region. A total of 13 sheep were studied. To identify the dominant helminth infections in sheep, 110 sets of individual organs were examined by the method of partial helminthological dissections. Helminths were collected in slaughterhouses of the Bagat, Kushkupyr, Urgench, Yangiaryk and Shavat Districts of the Khorezm Region. Additionally, the helminths collected from sheep in the Khorezm Region for 2015–2021 were used.Results and discussion. We found that the helminth fauna of Karakul sheep from the Khorezm Oasis was represented by 22 species of the classes Cestoda, Trematoda and Nematoda. Cestodes were represented by 6 species, trematodes by 3 species, and nematodes by 13 species. The faunistic composition of helminths in studied animals was noticeably depleted as compared to other Uzbekistan regions due to natural and ecological conditions of the Khorezm Oasis. The total helminth infection rate in sheep was 100%. The intensity of infection varied depending on the season of the year and the age of sheep and ranged from tens to several thousand specimens. Almost all organs and systems of the animals were found to be ecological niches of the above helminths. Most of helminth species were common to both domesticated and wild ungulates.

The Role of the Russian Traveler and Zoologist M. N. Bogdanov in Studying the Nature of the Khorezm Oasis.

This article discusses some issues of the ecological history of the Khorezm oasis. In the work, the author tried to familiarize the reader in detail with the work of Modest Nikolaevich Bogdanov, a Russian zoologist who created his work during an expedition to Central Asia in 1873-1874. A comparative analysis of the research and findings of M. N. Bogdanov with the studies of other travelers is given. The author also tried to reveal the role of the expedition and Bogdanov's works in the further study of the flora and fauna of this region and in the creation of further works of subsequent generations in this field of science. It also provides information about the animal world, natural and climatic features, the nature of the soil and plants in the Khanate of Khiva. In the process of work, information was obtained that the traditions of caring for nature also have an ancient history, as well as the history of mankind itself. Truly, a respectful attitude to nature is priceless, rooted deeply in spirituality and culture and occupying a special place in the folk values that have been improving over the centuries.

STUDY OF MUSH AGROCENOSE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KHORAZM OASIS

This article provides information about the ecological state of agrocenoses of the Khorezm oasis and the impact of various agricultural technologies on the cultivation of mung bean, as well as the scientific and practical significance of the influence of environmental factors on the growth, development and productivity of mung bean.

Selection of high-yielding, disease-resistant, promising, and export-oriented varieties of melons

In the top melon-producing nations in the world, numerous scientific research are being carried out to develop types that are suited for growing melons at various times, particularly in isolated and protected places, and to advance cultivation techniques. The technology to grow melons in greenhouses throughout the winter and varieties appropriate for growth in greenhouses have been developed in a number of nations, and ultra-fast and exportable melon types are now being cultivated. Increasing the melon gene pool and its export potential by increasing the variety of exportable cultivars is one of the critical issues of the present. In this research paper, high-yielding, high-quality melon varieties are investigated by the means of selection of high-yielding, disease-resistant, promising and exportable melon varieties of the Khorezm oasis. For the investigation, 8 different melon varieties such as Ko’k Gulobi, Khan qizi, Non go’sht, To’yona, Bijir. Bashak, Qari qiz and L oybek are selected. In relation to standard melon variety, L Oybek melon variety showed higher field germination rate, tasting value, yield and percentage of commodity yield share in comparison with other selected melon varieties. The experimental variety test of melons of Khorezm oasis was conducted in 2018-2019. At the Khorezm Scientific Experimental Station of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetables, Melons and Potatoes, varieties of melons with high-yielding, high-quality characteristics were studied..

WATER PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF KHORAZM REGION

The irrigated soils scattered in the Khorezm oasis on the lower shore of Amudarya have great potential in the agriculture of our republic. Therefore, the creation of a system of measures aimed at preserving and protecting them, increasing production capacity and productivity, and improving land reclamation is one of the most important current issues of today.

LOCATION OF ANCIENT RIGHT BANK SETTLEMENTS OF KHOREZM

The article discusses the location of the settlements of the Khorezm Oasis on the right bank of antiquity, including the geographical location, location and stages of development of settlements, cities and fortresses in the Lower Amudarya basin from the end of the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD.

KHOREZM CULTURAL SCHOOLS AND TRADITIONAL CRITERIA

This article is devoted to the development of national crafts in the country, including ceramics, the history of the development of ceramics in the Khorezm oasis, hearths, traditional criteria and features, technologies, centers of ancient pottery "Old Urgench", "Kattabog", "Madir". The well-known potters Eshmurad Sapoev, Raiymberdi Matchonov, Sultan Otajonov and their students are considered and some of their works are analyzed. The similarities and differences of decorative patterns in the ceramics of these three schools are highlighted. There is a discussion about the technology of glazed and embroidered tiles, dishes with a blue pattern, the production of various ceramics, cast iron (sage) flowers used in Khorezm pottery. Information is provided on the activities of potters who continue ancient traditions today, their participation in competitions and exhibitions, the use of tiles in the decoration of modern buildings.

Environmental flows in integrated sustainable water resource management in Tuyamuyin water reservoir, Uzbekistan

Climate change is causing extreme recession of the mountain glaciers in Central Asia. Also increased evapotranspiration from higher temperatures in arid and semi-arid zones in Uzbekistan. Additionally, climate change has an effect increased exceptional water deficits. In such scenarios Environmental despite for a more sustainable water supply system, available reservoir capacity. Central Asia unlock watershed region, its main rivers are the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and its key problems of the region the efficient use of water from these rivers. Supplying water to the Khorezm oasis and Karakalpakstan, Tuyamuyin reservoir is the main water resource. With an increasing population of the region and Aral Sea ecological problems, mounting demand exists for a more sustainable water supply system. Water reservoirs of Central Asian river contribute to the improvement of water resources management in the lower part of the region and thus, play a strategic role in regional water supplication. 70% of Central Asia is arid and semi-arid regions and therefore, water supply for irrigation and population purposes is the main water sector of all Central Asian countries.

ХОРАЗМ ВОҲАСИ ТУРКМАНЛАРИ АНЬАНАВИЙ ИДЕНТИКЛИГИДАГИ ЎЗГАРИШЛАР

In this article, changes in the traditional identity of the Turkmens of the Khorezm oasis in the Soviet era are studied on the example of household life, customs and wedding ceremonies. At the same time, changes in the way of life of the Turkmen populationduring the Khiva Khanate and the Soviet era, the struggle for independence, the consequences of the policy of collectivization, the consequences of national-territorial demarcation, the way of life of the population during World War II.Index Terms:National identity,turkmens, national-territorial delimitation, weddings, кomsomol weddings, assimilation

KHOREZM OASIS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL ETHNOCULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS IN CENTRAL ASIA

The ancient Khorezm civilization was created in the ancient Khorezm oasis irrigated by the Amu Darya waters and is associated with a sedentary population that knew highly developed irrigation, agriculture, had cities, and statehood. And the early and medieval ancestors of the Karakalpaks are considered to be the tribes of nomads and the semi-sedentary population of the steppe periphery of the Khorezm states – the inhabitants of the steppes of the Aral Sea region; these were pastoralists, who were partly engaged in agriculture and who owned a primitive irrigation technique. But we must not forget that one of the main features of the history of Central Asia and Kazakhstan is the historically established interaction of the population of the oases and the steppe, the mutual influence of nomadic pastoralists and farmers.

Результаты национального регистра сахарного диабета по Бухарскому, Навоинскому, Хорезмскому вилоятам и Республике Каракалпакстан

Актуальность. Сахарный диабет (СД) представляет собой важную медико-социальную проблему. Цель исследования — анализ адекватности диагностики и лечения пациентов по результатам регистра в четырех регионах Республики Узбекистан. Материалы и методы. Среди 14 214 больных СД Бухарского, Навоинского, Хорезмского вилоятов и Республики Каракалпакстан проведен анализ карт-регистров. Результаты. Анализ данных регистра по четырем регионам Узбекистана показал недостаточную работу по диагностике, лечению и профилактике осложнений диабета. Наблюдается недостаточная диагностика и регистрация осложнений диабетической нефропатии и диабетической ретинопатии в Бухарском, Хорезмском вилоятах, Республике Каракалпакстан, недостаточная диагностика и регистрация макроангиопатий в Бухарском, Навоинском, Хорезмском вилоятах, Республике Каракалпакстан. Практически отсутствует достижение целевых уровней гликемии по всем регионам, недостаточно назначается режим интенсивной инсулинотерапии во всех регионах, препараты бигуанидов среди пациентов с СД 2-го типа во всех регионах, что способствует увеличению риска осложнений диабета. Отсутствует настороженность врачей по макрососудистым диабетическим осложнениям и лечению артериальной гипертензии, недостаточно назначаются препараты ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (особенно в Хорезмском вилояте и Республике Каракалпакстан), способствующие профилактике осложнений диабета, и в частности диабетической нефропатии. Выводы. Анализ данных регистра по четырем регионам Узбекистана показал недостаточность работы по диагностике, лечению и профилактике осложнений СД.

TRADITIONS AND RITUALS ASSOCIATED WITH ZOROASTRIANISM IN THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the content and essence of the Zoroastrian religious traditions associated with agriculture. The influence of these elements is emphasized in the Khorezm oasis, the cradle of Zoroastrianism.