kGy Of Electron Beam Irradiation Research Articles

Effect of electron beam irradiation on raw goat milk: microbiological, physicochemical and protein structural analysis.

Goat milk is considered a nutritionally superior resource, owing to its advantageous nutritional attributes. Nevertheless, it is susceptible to spoilage and the persistence of pathogens. Electron beam irradiation stands as a promising non-thermal processing technique capable of prolonging shelf life with minimal residue and a high degree of automation. The effects of electron beam irradiation (2, 3, 5, and 7 kGy) on microorganisms, physicochemical properties, and protein structure of goat milk compared with conventional pasteurized goat milk (PGM) was evaluated. It was found that a 2 kGy electron beam irradiation reduces the total microbial count of goat milk by 6-logs, and the irradiated goat milk protein secondary structure showed a significant decrease in ɑ-helix content. Low irradiation doses led to microaggregation and crosslinking. In contrast, high doses (≥ 5 kGy) slightly disrupted the aggregates and decreased the particle size, disrupting the microscopic surface structure of goat milk, verified by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The irradiation of goat milk with a 2 kGy electron beam may effectively inactivate harmful microorganisms in the milk and maintain/or improve the physicochemical quality and protein structure of goat milk compared to thermal pasteurization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of Blend Compositions on Mechanical Properties of Irradiated Titanium Dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>)/Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) Nanocomposites

In this study, effect of blend compositions of irradiated polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blends was carried out. In previous work, it was reported that the mechanical properties of 50/50 composition irradiated blend had performed the highest strength with addition of 6 wt% of titanium dioxide (TiO2). However, the combination of PVC/ENR in a certain ratio might results in optimal mechanical properties and other specific properties for the new blends formed. Thus, addition of 6 wt% TiO2 and varies compositional range of PVC/ENR ranging from 30, 50 and 70 wt% were prepared by melt-blending technique and the effects on the mechanical properties were investigated. The blends were exposed to 0-150 kGy of electron beam irradiation before being characterized. With addition of 6 wt% TiO2, the characterization of mechanical properties including tensile strength, impact and hardness shows increment in values for all compositions. The increments of tensile strength were fall within 6-18% and as expected 70/30 PVC/ENR blends have shown the highest value. Based on the result, it revealed tensile and impact strengths achieved the optimum value at 100 kGy, while hardness increased as the radiation dose increased. From scanning microscope electron (SEM), micrographs have illustrated the blends with addition of 6 wt% TiO2 are smooth, continuous phase and less void appearance were seen. At higher dose rate, fracture paths were found to be continuous and penetrate deep into the material and this indicates that the failure is essentially brittle and it supports the above findings.

전자선 조사의 채소 종자 및 식물병원성 미생물에 대한 영향

본 연구에서는 식물병원성 미생물들인 잿빛곰팡이와 Agrobacterium rhizogenes의 전자선에 대한 감수성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 2 kGy의 전자선량이 잿빛곰팡이의 분생포자 및 Agrobacterium rhizgenes의 세포를 사멸시키는 데에 충분한 것으로 나타났다. 식물 종자의 전자선에 대한 저항성을 조사해 본 결과, 대파, 열무와 오이 종자는 2 kGy의 전자선 조사에서도 발아율이 전혀 영향을 받지 않았고, 쑥갓 종자의 경우에는 발아율에 있어서 근소한 감소를 보였다. 그러나 고추와 상추의 경우에는 전자선 조사에 대해서 대단히 약한 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 열무, 오이, 대파 및 쑥갓 종자의 경우에는 식물병원성 미생물의 살균에 필요한 2 kGy의 전자선량을 조사함으로써 발아율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않고 충분한 살균효과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 고추와 상추의 경우에는 전자선을 이용한 살균 방법은 사용하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. Electron beam (EB) irradiation was tested to determine the dose required to eradicate plant pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea and Agrobacterium rhizogenes, from the infected seeds without affecting the germination rate of the irradiated vegetable seeds, including crown daisy, cucumber, hot pepper, green onion, leaf lettuce, and radish seeds. EB irradiation of 1.5 kGy and 2 kGy was sufficient to kill 100% of hairy root disease bacteria and gray mold conidia, respectively. EB irradiation showed no effect or minimal effect on the germination rate of the crown daisy, cucumber, green onion, and radish seeds. However, the germination rate of the hot pepper and leaf lettuce seeds was significantly reduced by using 2 kGy of EB irradiation. Difference in susceptibility to EB irradiation appears not to be related to the weight of each seed, but to the intrinsic characteristic of each plant. Conclusively, EB irradiation might be a useful way to decontaminate crown daisy, cucumber, green onion, and radish seeds.

이산화염소수와 UV-C 또는 전자빔 병합처리가 치콘의 저장 중 미생물 성장과 품질에 미치는 영향

The effects of combined treatment of aqueous and UV-C or electron beam irradiation on microbial growth and quality in chicon during storage at were investigated. Samples were treated separately with 50 ppm of , 5 kJ/ of UV-C, 2, 5, 7, and 10 kGy of electron beam irradiation, as well as a combination of and UV-C or 2 kGy of electron beam irradiation. The populations of total aerobic bacteria as well as yeast and molds in the chicon samples were determined following each treatment. The populations of total aerobic bacteria in the chicon samples decreased by 1.49~2.92 log CFU/g following combined treatment of and UV-C irradiation compared to the control, whereas the populations of yeast and molds decreased by 1.63~1.78 log CFU/g. On the contrary, following combined treatment of and electron beam irradiation, the populations of total aerobic bacteria as well as yeast and molds in the chicon samples were undetectable during storage. Color measurements indicated that Hunter , , and values were not significantly different among the treatments during storage. These results suggest that combined treatment of and electron beam irradiation can be useful for improving microbiological safety in chicon during storage.

Effects of electron beam irradiation on the photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 film for DSSCs

TiO 2 has been widely utilized for various industrial applications such as photochemical cells, photocatalysts, and electrochromic devices. The crystallinity and morphology of TiO 2 films play a significant role in determining the overall efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this study, the preparation of nanostructured TiO 2 films by electron beam irradiation and their characterization were investigated for the application of DSSCs. TiO 2 films were exposed to 20–100 kGy of electron beam irradiation using 1.14 MeV energy acceleration with a 7.46 mA beam current and 10 kGy/pass dose rates. These samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. After irradiation, each TiO 2 film was tested as a DSSC. At low doses of electron beam irradiation (20 kGy), the energy conversion efficiency of the film was approximately 4.0% under illumination of simulated sunlight with AM 1.5 G (100 mW/cm 2 ). We found that electron beam irradiation resulted in surface modification of the TiO 2 films, which could explain the observed increase in the conversion efficiency in irradiated versus non-irradiated films. ► The surface of TiO 2 particles was modified by electron beam irradiation. ► The aggregation between each TiO 2 particle was observed in the SEM images. ► Ti 3+ state was enhanced due to the excess electron injection via electron beam irradiation. ► The power conversion efficiency of DSSCs was enhanced.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Biomechanical Properties of Patellar Tendon Allografts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Sterilization of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) allografts is an important prerequisite to prevent disease transmission. However, mechanical tissue properties are compromised by most current sterilization procedures, so that uncompromised sterilization of allografts is difficult to achieve. Hypothesis/Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the novel electron beam sterilization procedure on the biomechanical properties of human patellar tendon allografts at various irradiation dosages. Electron beam sterilization may be an appropriate alternative to gamma sterilization. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty-two human 10-mm wide bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts were randomized into 4 groups of sterilization with 15, 25, or 34 kGy of electron beam irradiation, respectively. The grafts’ biomechanical properties were evaluated at time zero. Unsterilized grafts functioned as controls. Biomechanical properties were analyzed during cyclic and load-to-failure testing. Results: Strain and cyclic elongation response showed no significant differences between the groups. Electron beam irradiation had no significant effect on stiffness and failure load with the exception of 34 kGy, which resulted in a significant decrease in failure load (1300.6 ± 229.2 N) compared with unsterilized grafts (1630.5 ± 331.1 N). Conclusion: This study showed that electron beam might be an appropriate alternative in sterilization of patellar tendon allografts with minimal effect on mechanical properties of tendon grafts in vitro. Future studies will have to evaluate the effect of the process on the biological properties of allografts in vitro and in vivo. Clinical Relevance: Terminal sterilization of patellar tendon allografts with electron beam irradiation can ensure higher safety of transplanted grafts and hence improve patient safety and acceptance.