Kg Of Pulp Research Articles

The Substitution of Different Concentration of Okara Flour in Brownies Formulation Added of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) as Low-Gluten Healthy Food

A tofu factory produces relatively 500 kg of pulp which which have not been widely used. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of utilizing the remaining processed waste in the form of dregs from the harmonious processing of tofu which is quite abundant in Bandungan District, Semarang Regency. Tofu/okara waste contains various nutrients such as minerals, calcium, potassium, iron, antioxidants, and isoflavones. Substitution of okara flour mixed with flaxseed, which is a grain that contains biologically active nutrients, including omega-3, fatty acids, dietary fiber, and protein, will produce a food product in the form of low-gluten and high-fiber brownies. Consumer acceptance of color, unpleasant fragrance, soybean fragrance, sweet taste, texture, and preference was measured using an experimental research method using a RAL method with four treatments to get the best formulation. Determination of the best formulation was carried out by organoleptic test on 20 panelists and analyzed by a One-way ANOVA test followed by a DMRT test. The results of the scoring test showed that variations in wheat flour formulations and okara flour substitution had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the organoleptic value aspect. Brownies F2 (1:2) is the best formulation with the highest average value (4.75), which contains 12% wet gluten, 4.3% dry gluten, 0.07% protein, and 47.46% fiber. The product brownies with okara flour substitution and additional flaxseed can be an alternative for healthy food that is lower in gluten and high in fiber and can be developed into souvenirs typical of Bandungan.

Nutritional value of meat products of young stock of black-and-white breed and its crosses with Holstein

The article presents the results of monitoring the chemical composition of the average sample of minced meat, energy value, yield of nutrients and their ratio in meat products. The positive effect of crossing black-and-white cattle with Holstein on the nutritional and energy value of meat products has been established. This contributed to an increase in the gross protein yield of carcass pulp by 3.62–5.27 kg (9.50–13.83%), extractable fat — by 1.59–4.60 kg (5.39–14.80%) , energy concentration in 1 kg of pulp — by 506.5– 568.8 kJ (5.34–5.46%).

Initial sustainability assessment of tapioca starch production system in Lake Toba area

This study aims to explore to what extent the principles of sustainability have been applied in a tapioca industry located in Lake Toba area and to explore the aspects that open the opportunities for system improvement. In conducting such assessment, we adopted the life-cycle approach using Mass Flow Analysis methods that covers all cassava starch production processes from fresh cassava root till dry cassava starch. The inventory data were collected from the company, in the form of both production record and interviews. From data analysis the authors were able to present a linked flow that describes the production process of tapioca starch that quantifies into the functional unit of one pack marketable tapioca starch weighs 50 kg. In order to produce 50 kg of tapioca, 200 kg cassava root and 800 kg of water are required. This production efficiency translates to 25% yield. This system generates 40 kg of cassava peel, 60 kg of pulp and 850 kg of waste water. For starch drying 208.8 MJ of thermal energy is required in the form of heating fuel. The material flow analysis is employed for impact assessment. Several options in improving the operation are proposed includes utilization of pulp into more valuable co-products, integration of waste treatment plant to enable the use of water recycled from the extraction operation for the washing process, and to application of a waste water treatment system that produces biogas as a renewable energy, which reduces the consumption of fuel in dryer unit.

Life Cycle Assessment of Food Processing Systems in Toba Samosir Regency

This study assesses the gate-to-gate environmental impacts of food processing systems operating in Toba Samosir Regency using Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The systems in question are processing of tapioca, coffee, and tofu, with the functional units of 50 kg of tapioca starch, 1 kg of coffee powder, and 25 kg of tofu, respectively. The inventory data were collected directly from the producers in the form of both production records and interviews. The linked flows that describe the production process for each of the system are obtained as follow. In producing 50 kg of tapioca starch, 200 kg cassava root and 800 kg of water are required. This system generates 40 kg of cassava peel, 60 kg of pulp and discharges 850 kg of waste water. For starch drying 209 MJ of thermal energy is required in the form of heating fuel. In order to produce 1 kg of fine coffee, 4 kg of coffee cherry and 30 kg of water are required. This system generates 3 kg of cherry peel and pulp mixture as solid co-product and discharges 30 kg of waste water. For roasting and milling the coffee bean, 90 MJ of thermal energy is consumed from firewood and gasoline. In producing 25 kg of tofu, 11 kg of soybean, 0.2 kg of flour and 140 kg of water are required. This system generates 16 kg of wet pulp and discharges 89 kg of waste water. For milling, 250 MJ of thermal energy is consumed from gasoline and rice husk. Water is the most vulnerable environmental compartment since most of the waste water is being discharged into the stream with limited treatment. The environmental hotspots associated with these systems are eutrophication potential, global warming potential (climate change), acidification, and photochemical oxidation potential.

Effort to explore the potential use of palmyrah fruit for functional food

PurposeThe purposes of this paper are to determine the nutritional composition of the pulp and its antioxidant activity; study the effect of drying and storage on the nutritional composition and antioxidant of the pulp; investigate the effect of de-bittering using fermentative microbes, sodium carbonate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on antioxidant of the pulp, and to study the shelf-life and sensory evaluation of de-bittered pulp products.Design/methodology/approachThe ripe fruits of palmyra (Borassus flabellifer L) were collected around Kupang city, Indonesia. The pulp was extracted with different techniques. The fresh pulp was directly analyzed for its nutritional and antioxidant properties. The rest of the pulp was de-bittered, dried and used for further treatments and products development. The de-bittered pulp was used to make chips, stick cracker, and jelly sweet. Fresh products were sensory evaluated by 30 semi-trained panelists. For shelf-life analysis, products were wrapped and/or packed with different thickness of food grade plastic, plastic-alumina foil, or mica stopples and kept at different temperatures (30, 40 and 50oC) for one month.FindingsThe fresh pulp contains carotenoids (609.10 mg per kg of pulp), vitamin C (461.40 mg per kg of pulp), polyphenols (270 mg per kg of pulp) and anthocyanin (53.90 mg per kg of pulp). Free radical scavenging activity of the dried pulp (water content of 11.60 percent) was 93.4 percent. Several techniques including fermentation, sodium carbonate, and PEG treatment have been successfully developed to reduce the bitterness of the pulp without significantly reducing its antioxidant activities. Food products (chips, stick cracker, and jelly sweet) have then been developed and have got positive response from panelist.Research limitations/implicationsPulp of fruit is a potential source of antioxidants, i.e. carotenoids (pro vitamin A), vitamin C, and polyphenols. The pulp potentially can be used in fresh and dried form for functional food. The bitterness of the pulp can be significantly reduced using fermentation, sodium carbonate or PEG treatment. The pulp can be utilized for producing chips, crackers, and semi moist food products.Practical implicationsFirst, pulp of the palmyrah fruit can be easily extracted using water. Second, the bitterness of the pulp can be reduced by using traditional fermentation starter. Third, many type of food products can be developed using the palmyrah pulp.Social implicationsThis effort offers opportunity for farmers to optimize the use of palmyrah pulp for functional food. It will provide new jobs and increase the income of farmer at East Nusa Tenggara Province.Originality/valueThe study has revealed that pulp of palmyrah fruit is a source of antioxidants: carotenoids (pro vitamin A), vitamin C, and polyphenols. The pulp potentially can be used in fresh and dried form for functional food. The bitterness of the pulp can be significantly reduced using fermentation, sodium carbonate, and PEG. The pulp can be utilized for producing chips, crackers, and semi moist food products.

Ultra-high pressure modified cellulosic fibres with antimicrobial properties

In this work bleached E. globulus kraft pulp was doped with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) from an aqueous solution or from a suspension of silica capsules (PHMB@silica) by impregnation under atmospheric or ultra-high pressure (UHP) conditions (500MPa). The antimicrobial properties of pulps were evaluated towards gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive L. innocua bacteria. PHMB loads below 500mg per kg of pulp revealed negligible bacteriostatic properties, whereas PHMB loads of ca 3000–4000mg per kg demonstrated bactericidal properties of pulp without significant deterioration of its mechanical strength. The UHP impregnation allowed significant improvement of PHMB uptake. Thus, under equal conditions, PHMB uptake was ca 25% greater under UHP than under atmospheric pressure impregnation, whereas the leachable amounts of PHMB in both pulps were comparable. The sorption of PHMB@silica on pulp in suspension under UHP conditions was ca 17% greater than under atmospheric pressure with almost 70% increase of leachable PHMB.

Resource assessment of Bel (Aegle marmelos) and potentiality to establish its processing enterprise in Tanahun district of Nepal

Participatory resource assessment of Aegle marmelos was carried out in six community forests (CFs) of the Jamune VDC of Tanahun district to find out potentiality for establishing community-based A. marmelos processing enterprise in the locality. Circular sample plots of 500 square meters were laid down taking 5% sampling intensity. The DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and height of trees on the sample plots were measured and classified them into three DBH classes (10–20 cm, 20–30 cm and more than 30 cm). The number of the fruits on the three branches of each A. marmelos tree – one lower branch, one middle branch and one top branch were counted, the average number of fruits on the three branches calculated and multiplied with the number of the branches of the tree to find out the average number of fruits per tree. By calculating the weighted mean of the three different DBH-class trees, the total number of the fruits was estimated. The study found 54,830 kg of harvestable amount of A. marmelos fruit in the studied six CFs which can produce 19190.5 kg of pulp per year. Thus, establishment of juice processing enterprise was found to be feasible in the locality. Nevertheless, some shortcomings related to the management of A. marmelos resource, such as lacking of information and management options for A. marmelos trees in the Operation Plans (OPs), lower regeneration status of A. marmelos trees, higher incidences of forest-fire and open grazing in the CFs, were also recorded. The study suggests for carrying out awareness-generating activities targeted to the CF user group members, revision of OPs and incorporation of A. marmelos resource information and management options and preparation and implementation of regeneration protection plan against forest fire and grazing.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, page: 32-37, 2016

Ethnobotanical and ethnoecological study of Butia catarinensis Noblick & Lorenzi: contributions to the conservation of an endangered area in southern Brazil

Butia catarinensis Noblick & Lorenzi is a small palm (approximately 2 m high when full-grown) endemic to the southern coast of Brazil. Local farmers use the fruit and pulp for various purposes, and this extractive activity complements their income. The objective of this study was to understand the relationships between local people and B. catarinensis in its natural environment. Ethnobotanical and ethnoecological data were collected through participant observation, participatory research tools and semi-structured interviews. The density of B. catarinensis was measured in two areas, each containing twelve 10 m × 20 m plots. Interviewees recognized different varieties of the palm, its phenological stages, as well as potential pollinators and seed dispersers. Eighteen different uses for the palm were registered and three different collection practices were observed, depending on the purpose for which the fruit was used. The mean density in the two areas studied ranged from 38.6 to 7.9 adults per plot. The rate of production (per hectare) can be as high as 927 kg of fruit and 190 kg of pulp. The local community can contribute to the conservation of this coastal ecosystem through extractive activities of some scale, with potential environmental, economic and socio-cultural sustainability.

Predicting pulp yield and pulp productivity of Eucalyptus dunnii using acoustic techniques

Summary The economics of kraft pulping are influenced by variation in wood density and chemistry, or their product, pulp productivity. The ability to predict basic density, pulp yield or pulp productivity before harvest would provide an economic advantage to the grower or processor. Acoustic velocity in green wood is correlated with both basic density and pulp yield, offering potential for rapid screening. We explored relationships between acoustic velocity, density, pulp yield and fibre length using data from Eucalyptus dunnii plantations in northern NSW, Australia. Acoustic velocity measured on logs accounted for 27% of the variation in pulp yield and 50% of variation in pulp productivity. The strong relationship between fibre length and pulp yield is proposed as a possible causal mechanism. A threshold acoustic velocity of 3.65 km s−1 was defined as the point at which logs would produce at least 250 kg of dry pulp per cubic metre of green wood. Removal of the worst 25% of logs, based on velocity, would give a 2.2% gain in pulp productivity which equates, in turn, to an additional 6.2 kg of pulp produced from every cubic metre of green wood.

P.094 Auricles' defects elimination using silicone implants

In this work bleached E. globulus kraft pulp was doped with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) from an aqueous solution or from a suspension of silica capsules ([email protected]) by impregnation under atmospheric or ultra-high pressure (UHP) conditions (500 MPa). The antimicrobial properties of pulps were evaluated towards gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive L. innocua bacteria. PHMB loads below 500 mg per kg of pulp revealed negligible bacteriostatic properties, whereas PHMB loads of ca 3000–4000 mg per kg demonstrated bactericidal properties of pulp without significant deterioration of its mechanical strength. The UHP impregnation allowed significant improvement of PHMB uptake. Thus, under equal conditions, PHMB uptake was ca 25% greater under UHP than under atmospheric pressure impregnation, whereas the leachable amounts of PHMB in both pulps were comparable. The sorption of [email protected] on pulp in suspension under UHP conditions was ca 17% greater than under atmospheric pressure with almost 70% increase of leachable PHMB.