Kg In Spring Research Articles

ЕКОЛОГІЧНО БЕЗПЕЧНИЙ СПОСІБ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРИМІЩЕННЯ ДЛЯ УТРИМАННЯ ПІДСИСНИХ СВИНОМАТОК

Підвищення енергоефективності свинарників-маточників при плануванні реконструкції маєпрактичне значення для виробництва. Це пов’язано з тим, що в Україні функціонують свинарські ферми і комплекси, які проєктувалися переважно за будівельними нормами 1995 року. Метою робо-ти було обґрунтувати екологічно безпечний спосіб підвищення енергоефективності приміщення дляутримання підсисних свиноматок та розробити алгоритм його визначення. У розв’язанні поставле-них завдань застосовано загальнонаукові (експеримент, аналіз, синтез) методи досліджень. Визна-чено геометричні, теплотехнічні та енергетичні характеристики свинарника-маточника. Установ-лено, що приміщення характеризується високим значенням (0,54 м-1) показника компактності. Вод-ночас теплоємність масова огороджувальних конструкцій у розрахунку на 1 м3 вентильованогооб’єму становила 0,08 МДж на 1 0 К, що свідчить про недостатню теплостійкість приміщення. Урезультаті за середньодобової температури зовнішнього повітря взимку мінус 2,9 0С температурау приміщенні знижувалася до 16,7 0С або була на 1,3 0С нижче мінімально допустимого значення згі-дно з нормативом ВНТП-АПК-02.05. За таких температурних характеристик приміщення уста-новлено вірогідно більше значення середньої живої маси поросяти при відлученні у весняний та літ-ній періоди відповідно на 0,19 та 0,29 кг порівняно із зимовим періодом (p<0,05 і 0,01). За такої умо-ви збереженість приплоду поросят була більшою на 3,8–4,6%. Обґрунтовано економічну ефектив-ність зовнішнього утеплення стін екологічно безпечним теплоізоляційним матеріалом Технофасефект товщиною 50 мм. Розроблено алгоритм для визначення енергоефективності свинарника-маточника. Її визначають за сумарним показником річного споживанням енергії, вираженої укВт•год, розділеної на добуток з вентильованого об’єму і коефіцієнту річної оборотності одногостанкомісця. Визначено, що теплова ізоляція стін опалюваного приміщення сприяє покращенню йогоенергетичних характеристик на 23,2 % з терміном окупності 39,3 місяця. Крім цього, теплова ізо-ляція відіграє важливе природоохоронне значення – економить 21,15 тис. кВт/год питомих витраттеплової енергії, що еквівалентно 7,42 т умовного палива.

Economic Analysis of Silkworm Rearing and Cocoon Production in Bilaspur District of Himachal Pradesh

Sericulture is an agro-based multitudinous activity which involves cultivation of mulberry, production of laying, rearing of silkworms for cocoons, marketing and reeling of cocoons for value added products such as processing and weaving of the yarn. It is a short gestation period labour intensive enterprise which can go a long way in promoting inclusive growth and alleviating poverty in rural areas. The present study was therefore carried out in order to analyse investment and returns pattern of cocoon production in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh. Two-stage random sampling and proportional allocation method was used to prepare a list of sample farmers. Out of 60 silkworm rearers, 19 were large and 41 were small. The dry cocoon production per farm on small and large category was estimated at 8.25 kg (6.20 kg in spring and 2.05 kg in autumn) and 19.51 kg (16.67 kg in spring and 2.84 kg in autumn). The dry cocoon production per ounce of seed was found to be 20.28 kg and 26.14 kg on small and large category households for both the seasons together. The fixed cost of production / ounce for spring crop varied from 9.92 per cent on small farms to 14.75 per cent on large farms. The variable cost varied from 90.08 per cent on small farms to 85.25 per cent on large farms implying the economical use of fixed and variable resources by large growers. The gross returns per ounce seed basis ranged between ` 1,626 and ` 5,535 on small and large farms for the spring crop. The autumn crop was found to give negative returns; therefore farmers should be provided with technology which could reduce the moisture in the rearing room, develop humidity resistant races of silkworms as well as develop varieties of mulberry plantation which may yield good leaves just after rainy season.

The feasibility of reducing yield gap by improving crop management

An appropriate solution to increase crop production is to improve production per unit area. Reconsiderations are, therefore, necessary in various agricultural systems and their production potential. To evaluate agronomic factors affecting crop yield and feasibility of reducing wheat yield gap, a questionnaire was developed in terms of yield-affecting management factors. For this purpose, data of most important factors affecting wheat yield were recorded from farmers sampled from different parts of Piranshahr, a southern city in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The results showed that the management applied throughout the season had a significant effect on wheat yield. The lands with more than three hectares, flat, and northward with loam-clay soil texture yielded relatively higher crop. The yields were also higher in the lands plowed in March and August with a three-plough moldboard connected to a four-cylinder Ferguson tractor, flattened using a trowel, and rotated with fallow and pea. The use of phosphate (100-150 kg ha−1), potash, and micro fertilizers, as well as 100-150 kg of urea (50 kg in spring and 50 kg in autumn) led to increased yield. The use of Granstar (60 g) and 1.0 L of 2, 4-D separately, and 0.5 L of a pesticide resulted in a better seed yield. Harvesting of wheat in July 15-25 using Hyundai and 130k combines resulted in higher yields. The percentages of studied managements, including land characteristics, planting, growing, and harvesting in wheat fields were 13, 35, 27, and 25 percent, respectively.

Порівняння збереженості поросят та інтенсивності їх росту у період дорощування при різних способах подачі та видалення повітря

Порівняння збереженості поросят та інтенсивності їх росту у період дорощування при різних способах подачі та видалення повітря

Brown bear body mass and growth in northern and southern Europe

We tested six hypotheses to explain expected geographical differences in body masses of 1,771 brown bears (Ursus arctos) from northern and southern Europe (Sweden and Norway compared with Slovenia and Croatia): Bergmann's rule, the fasting endurance hypothesis, and the dietary meat hypothesis, which predicted larger bears in the north; and hypotheses stressing the role of high primary productivity, high population density, low seasonality, and length of the growing season, which predicted larger bears in the south. Although brown bear populations in North America vary greatly in body mass, we found no significant difference in body mass between the two European populations using a new analytical approach incorporating modeled age-standardized body masses in linear models, when correcting for sex and season. The greater variation in North America may be due primarily to the presence of large bears that feed on salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), which does not occur in Europe. Asymptotic body masses were 115 +/- 9 (SE) kg in spring and 141 +/- 9 kg in autumn for southern females, 248 +/- 25 and 243 +/- 24 kg for southern males, 96 +/- 2 and 158 +/- 4 kg for northern females, and 201 +/- 4 and 273 +/- 6 kg for northern males, respectively. Northern bears gained more body mass before hibernation and lost more during hibernation than southern bears, probably because hibernation was twice as long in the north. Northern bears gained and southern bears lost mass during the spring, perhaps due to the greater availability and use of protein-rich food in spring in the north. As reproductive success in bears is correlated with adult female body mass in interpopulation comparisons, brown bears may have relatively similar reproductive rates throughout Europe, although minimum age at primiparity and litter interval are lower in the south.

Fish Fauna Associated with Drifting Seaweed in the Coastal Area of Tongyeong, Korea

Fishes associated with drifting seaweed were investigated monthly between April 1998 and March 1999 in the coastal area of Tongyeong, Korea. Depending on the size of seaweed patches, we collected fish by dip net, purse seine, or surface trawl. The behavior of fish in and around drifting seaweed was observed by scuba diving and in an aquarium. The most abundant types of seaweed were in the genus Sargassum, including S. horneri, S. miyabei, and S. thunbergii. The size of seaweed patches varied by season; patches larger than 4 m in diameter were found in May, whereas patches smaller than 50 cm in diameter were abundant in August and September. Patch weights varied from 0.1 to 11.0 kg in spring and summer but averaged less than 1 kg in autumn. We collected a total of 56 fish species from 27 families, the number of species varying from season to season. We found the most species in May (N = 29) and June (N = 26), and the fewest in February (N = 1). Some species, including Syngnathus schlegeli, Hexagrammos agrammus, Histrio histrio, Petroscirtes breviceps, Rudarius ercodes, and Stephanolepis cirrhifer, were present for 6 to 9 months, whereas Mugil cephalus, Siganus fuscescens, and Furcina osimae were collected only once during the study period. There was no significant relationship between the number of species collected and the weights of the seaweed patches (P < 0.05).

The effect of stocking rate on beef production from star grass(cynodon nlemfuensisharl.)

Abstract The livemass gains of long yearling steers grazing Cynodon nlemfuensis in the moist phase of the Natal Tall Grassveld at three stocking rates over a five year period are discussed. Maximum recorded average daily gains were 1,2 kg in spring, 0,76 kg in summer and 0,54 kg in autumn. An average of 1 100 kg/ha livemass was produced at a stocking rate of 10 steers/ha. The average daily gain was related to herbage on offer per 100 kg livemass and to mean daily maximum temperature but not to crude fibre or crude protein content of the herbage.