Key Forces Research Articles

Impact of molecular structure on the biological removal efficiency of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: An in-silico approach.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs), one of the most widely used antibacterials, have been recognized as emerging contaminants with adverse human health concerns. To overcome the adverse effects, a theoretical molecular design and screening approach was developed in this study to improve the removal efficiency of FQs by Chlorella in artificial or natural wetland systems. Among the 189 designed norfloxacin (NOR) derivatives, NOR-140 was screened with significantly improved biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation removal and functional effects, and reduced human health and ecological risks. The removal mechanism NOR-140 was also analyzed using adsorption kinetics, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning models. Protein and polysaccharide structures play a major role in the adsorption process, polarizability and molecular volume of NOR-140 affect the bioaccumulation ability, and hydrogen bonding was found as the key force promoting the degradation ability of NOR-140. Modifying specific sites (5, 8, and 13) with functional groups containing highly electronegative atoms (O, F) significantly enhances the biodegradability of FQs alternatives by Chlorella. This study provided theoretical support for designing environmentally friendly FQs alternatives with improved degradation ability and advanced the understanding of how the FQs' molecular structures affect its removal by Chlorella.

Research on Mixed Ownership Reform of State-Owned Enterprises from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

Under China’s socialist system, state-owned enterprises are key forces driving the economic trajectory and providing strong momentum. These enterprises not only bear the crucial responsibility of advancing the process of national modernization but also serve as the core of the national economic lifeline through their irreplaceable status and function amidst changing times. In the new era, with the advent of the technological revolution and the wave of globalization, state-owned enterprises face unprecedented opportunities and challenges. As a significant aspect of state-owned enterprise reform, the mixed ownership reform is not only a transformation in the structure of enterprise ownership but also a reflection of China’s broader, comprehensive reform efforts. By deeply advancing this reform, it will help optimize the allocation of state-owned assets and significantly boost technological and management innovation within state-owned enterprises, ensuring their competitiveness in the intense market environment. Therefore, this paper will conduct an in-depth analysis of the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises from the perspective of Marxist political economy.

Viscous shear is a key force in Drosophila ventral furrow morphogenesis.

Ventral furrow (VF) formation in Drosophila melanogaster is an important model of epithelial folding. Previous models of VF formation require cell volume conservation to convert apically localized constriction forces into lateral cell elongation and tissue folding. Here, we investigated embryonic morphogenesis in anillin knockdown (scra RNAi) embryos, where basal cell membranes fail to form and therefore cells can lose cytoplasmic volume through their basal side. Surprisingly, the mesoderm elongation and subsequent folding that comprise VF formation occurred essentially normally. We hypothesized that the effects of viscous shear may be sufficient to drive membrane elongation, providing effective volume conservation, and thus driving tissue folding. Since this hypothesis may not be possible to test experimentally, we turned to a computational approach. To test whether viscous shear is a dominant force for morphogenesis in vivo, we developed a 3D computational model incorporating both accurate cell and tissue geometry and experimentally measured material parameters. Results from this model demonstrate that viscous shear generates sufficient force to drive cell elongation and tissue folding in vivo.

Research on the Impact of the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community on the Ideological and Political Education of Students in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Universities

The consciousness of the Chinese national community, as a key force promoting national identity, has a profound impact on the ideological and political education of students in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) universities. This paper explores the formation and development of the consciousness of the Chinese national community, examining its theoretical foundations, historical trajectory, and contemporary characteristics. It further analyzes the basic theories of ideological and political education, the current situation, and practical applications within XPCC universities, focusing on how the consciousness of the Chinese national community plays a role in these institutions. The research reveals that this consciousness significantly enhances students' sense of national identity and the shaping of their values, optimizes educational content and resources, and drives innovations in educational methods and strategies. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for further improving the quality of ideological and political education in XPCC universities.

Self-governance of condominiums in urban China: A strategic action field perspective

This paper investigates the impact of homeowners’ condominium self-governance on neighbourhood governance in urban China. The self-governance campaign, which advocates for the direct employment of property management personnel, signifies condominium owners’ endeavours to reassert control over their private living space against the intervention of the state and the exploitation of property management agents. Whilst self-governance is practised within specific walled neighbourhoods, homeowners’ efforts to amplify the influence of this campaign have brought it beyond the mere selection of a property management model. Employing the strategic action field approach, this paper identifies the key actors and specific forces that shape China’s condominium and neighbourhood governance. It also explores the potential political risks associated with the self-governance campaign and how it changes the power dynamics within the neighbourhood governance structure. The research findings not only illustrate the versatility of the strategic action field approach in analysing the various aspects of condominiums and private neighbourhood governance in urban China but also extend current understanding of the interplay among homeowners’ organisations, market agents and state actors and reveal relevant implications for neighbourhood governance in urban China.

Multiindustry Group SEM Analysis for the Roles of Managerial Accountants in a New and Sustainable Episode

This study aims to investigate the roles and responsibilities of management accountants in Thailand, in a new and sustainable episode that has been disrupted by internal and external factors. Specifically, it also identifies the key factors that drive the changing roles of managerial accountants to be more innovative and business-strategy-oriented. Secondary data were employed in this study via the posted questionnaire to accountants who work in three industry sectors, namely manufacturing, retail and wholesale, and services. Multigroup structural equation modeling (multigroup SEM) was administered from the data. A sample set of 182 was gathered and used in the study’s analysis. 45% of the sample were accountants who worked in manufacturing, 22% in retail and wholesale, and 33% in service companies. The study proposed a structural equation modeling approach to determine key factors-digital technology force, leadership, digital technology readiness, digital technology competency, and attitude-that influence the changing roles of managerial accountants. The study finds that the factors that influenced the changing roles of managerial accountants differ from sector to sector. The digital technology force was found to have a weak influence on the changing roles of accountants, but moderately strong in retail and wholesale services. While the attitude of the accountants themselves was very strong to influence the changing roles, it was moderately strong for retail and wholesale, and rather weak for the services sector. Other factors-leadership, digital technology readiness, and digital technology competency-were found to have a mediating effect. Keywords: changing roles, managerial accountants, digital disruption, attitude, digital technology, sustainable

Identification of fenfluramine adulteration in slimming foods using a highly sensitive immunoassay

Fenfluramine, an appetite suppressant used for weight loss, can cause significant harm if overdosed. The unauthorized addition of fenfluramine to slimming foods has raised concerns. Currently, no rapid screening method is available for the quick detection of fenfluramine in the field. This study proposes six new haptens with varying spacer arm lengths and hydrophobicity, promising to elicit antibodies capable of being highly specific and strongly binding to fenfluramine. The study found that highly hydrophobic haptens with long spacer arms favored the generation of highly sensitive antibodies. Key interaction forces for antibody recognition of fenfluramine were revealed by intrinsic molecular mechanisms. Based on the above results, monoclonal antibody for fenfluramine was prepared and an ultrasensitive icELISA method with heterologous coating strategies was developed in slimming foods. The IC50 of the method was 6.25 ng/mL, the linear detection range was 0.47–83.51 ng/mL and the detection limit was 0.10 ng/mL. Recovery rates in tea bags, tablets, capsules, coffee, and beverages ranged from 96.56 % to 108.90 %. The method was successfully applied to blind samples, showing strong correlation with HPLC-MS/MS results. Thus, the developed method is suitable for identifying fenfluramine adulteration in slimming foods.

How does digital technology innovation drive synergies for reducing pollution and carbon emissions?

Digital technological innovation is a key force in reshaping production and achieving green, low-carbon development, provides new impetus to reducing pollution emissions (PE) and carbon emissions (CE). This study employed the coupled coordination model, panel regression model and spatial Durbin model to examine how the digital technology innovation level (DTIL) and digital technology transfer scale (DTTS) affected synergies for reducing pollution and carbon emissions (PCRS) in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2015 to 2021. The results showed that: The evolution of PCRS is characterized by high synergy cities are increasing, low synergy cities are decreasing, and excellent coordination cities are becoming more concentrated. In the synergistic type migration evolution, the core area primarily ascends; the central and peripheral areas remain mostly stable. The effects of DTIL and DTTS on PCRS follow a non-linear inverted U-shaped pattern. DTIL has a stronger effect on reducing PE, while DTTS tends to increase CE. In terms of spatial spillover effects, DTIL has an inverted U-shaped relationship with PCRS in local regions and a positive spillover effect on neighboring regions; DTTS has a negative impact on PCRS in local regions, but shows an inverted U-shaped relationship in neighboring regions. Both of them also affect PCRS through industrial structure and energy efficiency.

The Role of Financial Technology in Enhancing the Efficiency of Legal Services

With the rapid development of financial technology (FinTech), its application in the legal service sector is gradually becoming a key force in driving industry innovation. This paper uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the interaction and synergistic effects of financial technology, regulatory technology (RegTech), and intellectual property protection (IP Protection) in the legal service industry. The study analyzes the current status of financial technology in contract law, compliance checks, and dispute resolution, and evaluates its actual effect on improving the efficiency of legal services. The study found that financial technology has optimized the contract execution process through technologies such as smart contracts and blockchain, improved the level of automation in compliance work, and provided new ways for dispute resolution. Although facing challenges such as technology integration, data security, and legal regulation, these challenges can be effectively controlled through effective risk management and strategic response. The study proposes a series of strategic recommendations, including technological innovation, policy support, education, and training, to promote the collaborative development of financial technology, regulatory technology, and intellectual property protection in the legal service industry. (Beck, R., Bugnion, F., & Pohl, M., 2018) The conclusion of this paper emphasizes the positive role of financial technology in enhancing the efficiency of legal services and points out strategies to cope with challenges, providing valuable insights and suggestions for legal service providers, technology developers, and policy makers to promote the modernization and digital transformation of the legal service industry.

Child sexual abuse and social identity loss: A qualitative analysis of survivors' public accounts.

Emerging evidence suggests that social identities are an important determinant of adaptation following traumatic life experiences. In this paper, we analyse accounts of people who experienced child sexual abuse. Using publicly available talk of people who waived their right to anonymity following successful conviction of perpetrators, we conducted a thematic analysis focusing on trauma-related changes in their social identities. Analysis of these accounts highlighted two themes. The first highlights the acquisition in these accounts of unwanted and damaging identity labels. The second presents child sexual abuse as a key destructive force in terms of important identity work during childhood. Discussion of this analysis centres on the pathological consequences of social identity change. Both the loss of valued identities and the acquisition of aberrant and isolating identities are experienced and constructed as devastating by those affected by child sexual abuse. This has important implications, not only for those impacted by child sexual abuse but for how abuse is discussed in society, and how it is approached by policy makers, educators and individuals working with survivors and their families.

The Future of Multiracial Democracy: Majoritarianism Without Majorities

ABSTRACT: By the paradox of "majoritarianism without majorities," the author argues that ethnic majoritarianism, in the form of nationalist movements and the institutionalization of majoritarian privilege, has become a defining feature of twenty-first-century democracy even though ethnic majorities do not exist as self-aware political communities. These majorities are merely census labels imposed on a conglomeration of minorities. This essay argues that the key force generating this paradox is the formulation of democracy as a system of majority rule. This formulation provokes cycles of ethnic majoritarianism, and the periodic remaking of the political community by turning insiders into outsiders. The solution to the problem of majoritarian nationalism therefore lies in reconceptualizing democracy as a form of "minority" representation, and protecting the rights of outsiders in order to protect the rights of insiders.

The Role of AI Technology in Constructing Digital English Classrooms in Underdeveloped Areas

As a key part of basic education, English education in primary schools is of great significance to the personal development of students and the construction of society and has received extensive attention from society. However, primary English education in underdeveloped regions of China is still relatively backward. In recent years, the rapid development of AI technology has realized information communication in education, which has become the key force in promoting the digital transformation of English classrooms in underdeveloped regions and the potential to bridge the education gap between areas. This paper is based on the teaching characteristics of the current primary school English subject, combined with the current development of AI technology applied to English teaching, for building the digital classroom of primary school English in underdeveloped areas puts forward the following relevant recommendations. China should accelerate the implementation of infrastructure construction and technology introduction in underdeveloped areas, and strengthen the training of digital literacy and media awareness for primary school English teachers. Primary schools in underdeveloped areas should use AI technology as a teaching aid to build a "double-teacher" English classroom teaching mode and a curriculum feedback platform based on this technology, to effectively promote the digital transformation of English classrooms in underdeveloped areas.

Breaking Down the Bottlebrush: Atomically Detailed Structural Dynamics of Mucins.

Mucins, the biomolecular components of mucus, are glycoproteins that form a thick physical barrier at all tissue-air interfaces, forming a first line of defense against pathogens. Structural features of mucins and their interactions with other biomolecules remain largely unexplored due to the challenges associated with their high-resolution characterization. Combining limited mass spectrometry glycomics and protein sequencing data, we present all-atom, explicitly solvated molecular dynamics simulations of a major respiratory mucin, MUC5B. We detail key forces and degrees of freedom imposed by the extensive O-glycosylation, which imbue the canonically observed bottlebrush-like structures to these otherwise intrinsically disordered protein backbones. We compare our simulation results to static structures observed in recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments as well as other published experimental efforts. Our work represents the demonstration of a workflow applied to a mucin example, which we hope will be employed by other groups to investigate the dynamics and interactions of other mucins, which can inform on structural details currently inaccessible to experimental techniques.

Moscow State Conference in the crosshairs of confrontation

The author focuses on the initiative minority, which, in fact, was mobilized during the days of the Moscow State Conference. The article notes the great contribution of A.B. Nikolaev in the study of this significant and often ignored political forum in historiography. Thanks to this monograph, it is possible to trace the motivation of key political forces, as well as their leaders. They all had to adapt to the conditions of revolutionary Russia in one way or another. However, in most cases these attempts were unsuccessful, as was clearly demonstrated in August 1917.

Correlation Analysis of ESG Ratings and Enterprise Performance

ESG (environment, society and governance) evaluation system, as a tool to comprehensively consider the sustainable development ability of enterprises, is increasingly receiving attention. In the context of the promotion of the concept of global sustainable development and the pursuit of high-quality economic development, many third-party evaluation institutions and index research organizations at home and abroad are actively building and improving the ESG rating framework. Through systematic review of domestic and foreign academic circles of ESG rating and enterprise performance correlation research results, this paper reveals an important discovery: ESG rating mechanism not only provides the mirror of self, make it can accurate positioning and optimization in environmental protection, social responsibility and corporate governance, also became the driving enterprises to the direction of more green, harmonious and efficient key force, and promote the long-term sustainable development of the enterprise.

A novel formula for calculating repulsive forces in horizontally aligned nonferrous cylindrical particles within an Eddy current separator

Eddy Current Separation (ECS) stands as a highly efficient recycling technology crucial for separating nonferrous particles from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). This process relies on repulsive forces induced by eddy currents as particles traverse the variable magnetic field of a rotating magnetic drum. Achieving optimal separation in this multifaceted process demands a careful selection of magnetic drum parameters. This study focuses on modeling the repulsive forces acting on diverse nonferrous particle shapes, with a particular emphasis on horizontally oriented cylindrical particles, and exploring their trajectories under various adjustable parameters. The effectiveness of the separator is intimately governed by these repellent magnetic forces. Our numerical model comprehensively accounts for the key magnetic and mechanical forces shaping particle movement. Through a dedicated Matlab program, simulations of trajectories are conducted, dissecting the influence of parameters such as separation angle, number of poles, electromagnetic drum velocity, and particle sizes. The findings, elucidated in detailed diagrams, offer a profound understanding of each parameter's impact, crucial for optimizing ECS processes.

Analysis of Green Intellectual Property Issues and Countermeasures from the Perspective of International Law

As an advanced form of productivity driven by green technological innovation, there exists a natural fit and close connection between new quality productivity and green intellectual property rights. Legal protection is the cornerstone of the development of new productivity, in which the comprehensive protection of intellectual property rights is particularly crucial: green intellectual property rights, as a key force to adhere to sustainable development and promote scientific and technological progress and economic growth, has a central role to play in incentivizing environmental protection as the core of independent innovation, thus becoming an indispensable institutional guarantee for the development of new productivity. This institutional guarantee ensures the legitimate rights and interests of innovation achievements, and is a powerful driving force and a long-term solution for the continuous progress of productive forces. At present, the field of intellectual property cooperation is encountering diversified challenges and problems: the unilateralization caused by some developed countries, the rigidity of international rules on intellectual property, the stagnation behind the digital age, and the imbalance in the distribution of existing international benefits of intellectual property, which should be paid close attention to. In order to effectively promote green technological innovation and escort the green intellectual property protection system to a stable and far-reaching future, countries and enterprises should face the current challenges rationally, correctly understand the differences and conflicts between green intellectual property rights and ordinary intellectual property rights, gain a deeper understanding of the existing relevant international law foundations, and promptly solve the green intellectual property rights issues, improve the relevant international conventions and treaties, strengthen the coordination and cooperation of international organizations, and establish a fair and reasonable green technology patent protection mechanism. fair and reasonable patent protection mechanism for green technology. Only when countries join hands to improve the green intellectual property protection mechanism, jointly combat transnational infringement and maintain a fair market competition environment can the legitimate rights and interests of innovators be safeguarded.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system in the tumor immune microenvironment: a key force in combination therapy.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in modulating the proliferation, activation, and normal functioning of immune cells through the regulation of protein degradation and function. By influencing the expression of immune checkpoint-associated proteins, the UPS modulates T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses and can potentially facilitate the immune escape of tumor cells. Additionally, the UPS contributes to the remodeling of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) by regulating B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and Treg cells. Targeting the UPS in conjunction with immune checkpoint-associated proteins, and combining these with other therapeutic approaches, may significantly enhance the efficacy of combination therapies and pave the way for novel cancer treatment strategies. In this review, we first summarize the composition and alterations of the TIME, with a particular emphasis on the role of the UPS in TIME and its interactions with various immune cell types. Finally, we explore the potential of combining UPS-targeted therapies with immunotherapy to substantially improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy and enhance patient survival outcomes.

The Impact of Environmental Protection Investment and Equity Balance Degree on Economic Performance and Eco-Autonomy: An Empirical Study of China’s A-Share Listed Companies

Enterprises are not only the main source of energy consumption and pollution emissions but also a key force in environmental governance. There is no doubt that the positive impact of enterprise environmental protection investment (EPI) on other stakeholders, but the impact on its own economic performance is the key to determining the scale of EPI and increasing the motivation for Eco-autonomy. This paper selects 691 companies listed on China’s A-share market from 2012 to 2022 as research samples, introducing the equity balance degree as the moderator variable, and empirically investigating the impact of the relationship by using a panel multivariate regression model. The results show that the relationship between EPI and its economic performance is a U-shaped curve, and it is related to Eco-autonomy. The equity balance degree can mitigate the negative influence of the relationship, but it is significantly different between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. Accordingly, it prompts the following policy implementation: the Chinese government should develop differentiated environmental incentives and regulatory policies. It should focus on private enterprises with high-equity balance degrees and high pollution levels, and it should encourage state-owned enterprises to increase the scale of ex ante preventive investment through policy incentives.

Revolutionizing the Digital Creative Industries: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Integration, Development, and Innovation

Purpose - Artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming the digital creative industry, becoming a key force in industrial upgrading through technology integration, innovation drive and productivity improvement. Methods- This study uses a variety of methods, including literature review, questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and data analysis, to systematically examine the application effect of AI in the digital creative industry. The structural equation model is used to verify the hypothesized relationship, and the role of AI in promoting industrial integration, development results and innovation catalysis effect are comprehensively analyzed. Research results- The research that AI importantly promotes technological integration, development and innovation inside the digital creative industry, and improves the general overall performance of the industry. The path coefficient is incredibly substantial, and the model fit is good, which verifies the effective position of AI in industrial integration and development. The position of AI not only improves the competitiveness of the industry, but also provides robust support for the personalization and excessive quality of creative products. Originality- This paper demonstrates remarkable originality in theoretical framework construction, empirical data analysis, and exploration of practical challenges and this paper deeply analyzes the multiple mechanisms of AI in the digital creative industry, providing new ideas and specific quantitative evidence for research in related fields. Implications - Practitioners need to actively accept AI era, optimize creative workflows, and enhance production efficiency and constantly enhance their digital talents and cross-area information integration capabilities. Policymakers should formulate focused support policies to promote the vast application and deep integration of AI technologies inside the creative industries.