Kerosene Contamination Research Articles

The Effect of Kerosene Pollution on the Cellulolytic Activity of Albic Retisols and Arenosols (Aridic): A Laboratory Experiment.

The results of a laboratory experiment modeling the effect of kerosene contamination on the cellulolytic activity of microbiocenosis of the Albic Retisol (Kaluga oblast, Russia) and Arenosol (Kyzylorda oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan) humus horizons are described. Cellulolytic activity is assessed according to the rate of weight loss in linen cloth fragments during the incubation for 0–3, 3–7, and 7–13 months. The intensity of cellulolytic activity in the unpolluted Albic Retisol is higher as compared with the Arenosol, which is determined by low acidity and an elevated content of organic matter and nutrients. The soil pollution with kerosene to 10 g/kg causes a reversible change in cellulolytic activity of both Albic Retisol and Arenosol (Aridic). A high load of kerosene (≥25 g/kg) inhibits cellulolytic activity in both soils over 13 months of observation.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1064229322020119.Fig. S1. Cellulolytic activity of soils in a laboratory experiment: (a) initial state of linen tissue (test object) and (b) linen tissue after three months of incubation. Table S1. Properties of soil humus horizons.Table S2. Initial water content in the studied soil samples with due account for the added kerosene.Table S3. Cellulolytic activity in soils grouped according to kerosene load (rate of mass loss, mg/g soil per day.Table S4. Significance of differences between cellulolytic activities of contaminated soil samples relative control samples according to the Mann–Whitney U-test. Table S5. Kerosene content in the studied soil samples at the end of the experiment, % of the initial content.

REMOVAL OF LOW CONCENTRATION OF KEROSENE FROM WATER USING NIPA PALM (NYPA FRUITICANS WURMB) FRUIT FIBRE

Nipa palm fruit fibre was carbonized at 400oC in a muffle furnace and used to remove kerosene in contaminated water in a batch experimental process with chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction as the measurement parameter. The elimination of kerosene in the contaminated water was studied by applying the effect of carbon dosage and initial contaminant concentration. The results obtained showed that, the best process conditions for removing kerosene in the contaminated water samples were 8.0 mg carbon dosage at low concentration of 20 mg/L of kerosene contamination. The adsorption isotherm of the elimination process was evaluated by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data fitted better to Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.84) when compared to Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.88). The maximum monolayer surface coverage as computed from the Langmuir equilibrium adsorption data was 1.43 mg/g. The overall outcome indicates that the carbonized carbon produced from Nipa palm fruit fibre has low ability in reducing kerosene from contaminated water.

Effect of kerosene contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of sandy soil

Oil contamination can affect the mechanical and physical properties of soil, making its reuse a challenge. In the present study, the effect of kerosene contamination on two types of poorly graded sand (S1 and S2) was investigated. Geotechnical tests for compaction, direct shear and constant head permeability were conducted. The compaction test revealed that dry density increased at a 3% and 6% kerosene content for S1 and S2 soil, respectively. A further increase in kerosene content caused the dry density to decrease for both S1 and S2. The optimum moisture content of kerosene-contaminated soil samples decreased. The direct shear test showed that kerosene contamination increased cohesion and decreased the internal friction angle and shear strength. The permeability test results indicated that kerosene caused a reduction in the permeability of the soil studied.

Experimental Behavior of Circular Foundations on Oil Contaminated Sand

This paper studies the behavior of circular footings placed on the gasoil and kerosene-contaminated soil. The ultimate objective of this study is to determine the effect that oil contamination has on the sand bearing capacity. The contaminated sand layers were mixed with different levels of between 1 and 4 percent of gasoil and kerosene contamination. The influence of the contamination depth and type of contamination was examined in this study. Laboratory tests were conducted on small scale models and performed in load-controlled manner. The results showed that the contamination can influence the load-settlement curves and lead to a reduction in its load-bearing capacity. An increase in the depth and percentage of contamination decreased the bearing capacity. Some formulas have been provided in which by knowing the depth and percentage of contamination one can predict the third bearing capacity factor of a circular foundation

Rapid assessment of soil pollution with kerosene using a carbon-nanotube-based piezosensor

The possibility of determining the kerosene content in the ground using a flash detector with open cell detection based on a piezosensor is considered. The coating of the electrodes of a quartz crystal resonator and its weight for the detection of kerosene vapors in a wide concentration range, the structural parameters of the flash detector housing, the conditions for detecting kerosene vapors above ground are optimized. The accuracy and reliability of assessing of the level of kerosene contamination in different types of soils are estimated in field conditions.

Biodegradative activities of some gram- negative bacilli isolated from kerosene treated soil grown with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

The biodegradative activities of three Gram negative bacilli (Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibro parahaemolyticus and Actinobacillus sp) isolated from soil contaminated with kerosene and planted with cowpea was investigated. The isolates were identified using MicrobactTM ID 24E system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae and common miscellaneous Gram negative bacilli (MGNB). 2kg of soil collected from University of Ilorin was placed inside transparent, drilled buckets. Physicochemical properties of the soil were recorded. The soil was contaminated with kerosene at different concentrations of 0ml, 7ml, 14ml, 21ml, 56ml, 112ml, 168ml and 224ml. The setup was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Cowpea seeds of the variety Samaru-40 were cultivated and observed for eight weeks. The results indicated that kerosene contamination of soils significantly affected the growth parameters: germination percentage, time of germination, rate of germination, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and root nodules. A negative interaction existed between the level of the contaminant and the growth characteristics measured. Their biodegradative activities were studied and confirmed by the change in the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) using gravimetric method. The biodegradative abilities of the isolates were compared by measuring the optical densities, total viable count, pH and emulsification activity. The results showed that the organisms did better as a consortium rather than singly. Aeromonas hydrophila had the highest biodegradative activity followed by Vibro parahaemolyticus and then Actinobacillus sp. The study recommends the use of Aeromonas hydrophila and consortium for more effective biodegradation. Keywords: Bacterial Biodegradation, Soil, Cowpea, Kerosene, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon

Risk assessment of gas oil and kerosene contamination on some properties of silty clay soil.

Soil and ground water resource pollution by petroleum compounds and chemical solvents has multiple negative environmental impacts. The aim of this research was to investigate the impacts of kerosene and gas oil pollutants on some physical and chemical properties, breakthrough curve (BTC), and water retention curve (SWRC) of silty clay soil during a 3-month period. Therefore, some water-saturated soils were artificially contaminated in the pulse condition inside some glassy cylinders by applying half and one pore volume of these pollutants, and then parametric investigations of the SWRC were performed using RETC software for Van Genukhten and Brooks-Corey equations in the various suctions and the soil properties were determined before and after pollution during 3 months. The results showed that gas oil and kerosene had a slight effect on soil pH and caused the cumulative enhancement in the soil respiration, increase in the bulk density and organic matter, and reduction in the soil porosity and electrical and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, gas oil retention was significantly more than kerosene (almost 40%) in the soil. The survey of SWRC indicated that the contaminated soil samples had a little higher amount of moisture retention (just under 15% in most cases) compared to the unpolluted ones during this 3-month period. The parametric analysis of SWRC demonstrated an increase in the saturated water content, Θ s, from nearly 49% in the control sample to just under 53% in the polluted ones. Contaminants not only decreased the residual water content, Θ r, but also reduced the SWRC gradient, n, and amount of α parameter. The evaluation of both equations revealed more accurate prediction of SWRC's parameters by Van Genukhten compared to those of Brooks and Corey.

An Assessment Of Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metal Enrichment And Fungal Characterization Of Refined Kerosene Impacted Soil In Anand, Gujarat, India

The present study was carried out to assess the physico-chemical properties, heavy metal enrichment and fungal isolation and characterization of the top soil samples collected in-situ from aged refined kerosene contaminated as well as uncontaminated garden soil sites in Anand, Gujarat, India. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations were 17,510 mg/kg in kerosene contaminated soil against 142.65 mg/kg for uncontaminated soils. The contamination increased the soil organic carbon, nitrogen and clay to 2.95 %, 0.612 %, 36.22 % as compared to 1.5%, 0.153%, 32.4% respectively in the uncontaminated soil. Increased concentration of heavy metals like Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Zinc and Lead against the uncontaminated soil was encountered. Ten native fungal speciesbelonging to a total of five genera include Aspergillus (A. terreus, A. versicolor, A. niger); Fusarium oxysporum; Penicilliumjanthinellum from the uncontaminated garden soil, whereas the contaminated soil included Aspergillus (A. terreus, A. versicolor , A. niger) Candida tropicalis,Cladosporiumbruhnei and Fusarium oxysporum, identified based on 18S rRNA and the nucleotide sequences were submitted to the NCBI, GenBank database. The changes created by kerosene contamination resulted in variation in individual concentrations of physicochemical properties, soil conductivity, pH and soil fertility indices probably dwindle the growth of fungal strains causing a reduction in the fungal population in the kerosene contaminated soil. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 164-174 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9219

A system dynamics model for the screening-level long-term assessment of human health risks at contaminated sites

For the design of sustainable and cost-effective management strategies for contaminated sites, decision makers need appropriate tools, i.e. environmental decision support systems to assist them in the planning, assessment, selection and optimisation of possible alternatives. We propose a novel system dynamics model, CARO-PLUS (Cost-efficiency Analysis of Remediation Options), which provides estimates of current and future risks originating from soil and groundwater contamination. Utilising a source-pathway-receptor concept, the model particularly addresses the presence of multi-compound non-aqueous phase liquids in porous media, which have been identified as major sources of groundwater contamination at many of these sites. Simplified approaches for the description of contaminant release and transport, as well as of exposure pathways for human health risk assessment, allow for a fast and effective screening model, which is particularly qualified to support early decisions within a tiered management approach at contaminated sites. CARO-PLUS is applied to assess the long-term risks originating from a kerosene contamination at a former military airfield in Germany. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to account for the large uncertainty in model parameters at early decision levels. The results of the application show that the implementation of monitored natural attenuation might be a feasible management strategy for the site, and provide guidance for additional, more detailed investigations.

Assessment of the Integral Toxicity of Aquatic Medium Contamination with Oil and Oil Products Using Bacterial Tests

A biotest kit was used to assess the integral toxicity level of aquatic environment contamination with oil and oil products. The integral toxicity dynamics were also monitored during biodegradation of oil and oil products by an association of oil-degrading strains, including Acinetobacter sp., Mycobacterium flavescens, and Rhodococcussp. The following bacterial tests were used: the bioluminescence (BL) test based on Photobacterium leiognathi; electroorientation (EO), optoosmotic (OO), and growth tests; and the reducing activity (RA) test based on an Agrobacterium radiobacter culture. No significant increase in the integral toxicity level of the aquatic medium was observed when diesel fuel and kerosene contamination had been subjected to biodegradation. Although rapid biotests (EO, OO, RA, and BL) detected a pronounced increase in the integral toxicity of the aquatic environment, long-term growth biotests revealed no statistically significant increase in the toxicity level.

Kerosene Contamination at Former Soviet Air Base Undergoing Cleanup

Kerosene Contamination at Former Soviet Air Base Undergoing Cleanup

The effect of residual kerosene on the transport of ammonium and nitrate ions in sandy soil

Field and laboratory work have shown that the availability of electron acceptors such as oxygen and/or nitrogen as well as of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is necessary for effective biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds. Therefore, these compounds are frequently injected into the contaminated subsurface to enhance in situ biodegradation. The effect of residual subsurface hydrocarbon (kerosene) contamination on the transport of an electron acceptor (NO 3 −) and a nutrient (NH 4 +) was investigated. Soil column experiments were conducted using uncontaminated and contaminated soil, and a one-dimensional solute transport model with multiprocess nonequilibrium sorption was used to predict the breakthrough curves. The presence of kerosene contamination was found to decrease the volumetric water content which in turn increased the pore-water velocity. An earlier breakthrough time for NO 3 − relative to the uncontaminated soil was observed and predicted by the transport model. The exchange isotherm involving NH 4 + was not affected by the presence of kerosene; therefore, no significant difference in NH 4 + transport was observed or predicted. The results of this study indicate that the transport of NO 3 − will be increased by residual subsurface hydrocarbon contamination whereas NH 4 + transport will be unaffected. Therefore the presence of residual subsurface contamination by hydrocarbons will have to be taken into account in NO 3 − transport models.

Kerosene Contamination of River Supply at Atlanta

In December 1963, a break occurred in a high‐pressure steel petroleum pipeline crossing the Chattahoochee River about 5 miles above the intake for the Atlanta, Georgia, water supply. Before the petroleum main could be shut down, some 60,000 gal of kerosene had spilled into the contiguous swampy area and flowed into the river water, causing one of the most critical incidents of water pollution ever experienced by the Atlanta water department. The article discusses the emergency treatment that was carried out, along with precautionary measures this emergency demonstrated the need for, and several temporary measures developed during the emergency that have been adopted as permanent practices.