Poly(L‐lactic acid) [PLLA] is a biodegradable polymer of growing importance for applications in tissue engineering. This work deals with PLLA tuned by Ar plasma treatment (3 W) with the aim to enhance its wettability and cytocompatibility. Changes in surface properties of PLLA caused by plasma treatment were studied in relation to adhesion, proliferation, and metabolic activity of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) in vitro. Plasma treatment of PLLA significantly improved adhesion and proliferation of both cell lines when compared to pristine PLLA. Changes in expression of adhesion molecules, talin 1 and vinculin, were also examined. The amount of both proteins in cells cultivated on modified PLLA matrices was lower than in cells grown on pristine PLLA after 24 h of incubation.