Kenneth Little Research Articles

On the Nervous Edge of an Impossible Paradise: Affect, Tourism, Belize, by Kenneth Little

On the Nervous Edge of an Impossible Paradise: Affect, Tourism, Belize, by Kenneth Little

How the Use by Eugenicists of Family Trees and Other Genealogical Technologies Informed and Reflected Discourses on Race and Race Crossing during the Era of Moral Condemnation: Mixed-Race in 1920s and 1930s Britain

In the 1920s and 30s, significant empirical studies were undertaken on mixed-race (‘hybrid’) populations in Britain’s seaport communities. The physical anthropologists Rachel Fleming and Kenneth Little drew on the methods of anthropometry, while social scientist Muriel Fletcher’s morally condemnatory tract belongs to the genre of racial hygiene. Whether through professional relationships, the conduct of their work, or means of disseminating their findings, they all aligned themselves with the eugenics movement and all made use of pedigree charts or other genealogical tools for tracing ancestry and investigating the inheritance of traits. These variously depicted family members’ races, sometimes fractionated, biological events, and social circumstances which were not part of genealogy’s traditional family tree lexicon. These design features informed and reflected prevailing conceptualisations of race as genetic and biological difference, skin colour as a visible marker, and cultural characteristics as immutable and hereditable. It is clear, however, that Fleming and Little did not subscribe to contemporary views that population mixing produced adverse biological consequences. Indeed, Fleming actively defended such marriages, and both avoided simplistic, ill-informed judgements about human heredity. Following the devastating consequences of Nazi racial doctrines, anthropologists and biologists largely supported the 1951 UNESCO view that there was no evidence of disadvantageous effects produced by ‘race crossing’.

Tourism imaginaries: anthropological approaches

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Toward an Anthropology of Tourism Imaginaries Noel B. Salazar and Nelson H. H. Graburn PART I: IMAGINARIES OF PEOPLES Chapter 1. Toward Symmetric Treatment of Imaginaries: Nudity and Payment in Tourism to New Guinea's Treehouse People Rupert Stasch Chapter 2. Scorn or Idealization? Tourism Imaginaries, Exoticization and Ambivalence in Embera Indigenous Tourism Dimitrios Theodossopoulos Chapter 3. Deriding Demand: Indigenous Imaginaries in Tourism Alexis Celeste Bunten Chapter 4. Myth Management in Tourism's Imaginariums: Tales from Southwest China and Beyond Margaret Byrne Swain Chapter 5. Tourism Moral Imaginaries and the Making of Community Joao Afonso Baptista PART II: IMAGINARIES OF PLACES Chapter 6. The Imaginaire Dialectic and the Refashioning of Pietrelcina Michael A. Di Giovine Chapter 7. Temporal Fragmentation: Cambodian Tales Federica Ferraris Chapter 8. The Imagined Nation: The Mystery of the Endurance of the Colonial Imaginary in Postcolonial Times Paula Mota Santos Chapter 9. Belize Ephemera, Affect, and Emergent Imaginaries Kenneth Little Chapter 10. Envisioning the Dutch Serengeti: An Exploration of Touristic Imaginings of the Wild in the Netherlands Anke Tonnaer Afterword: Locating Imaginaries in the Anthropology of Tourism Naomi Leite Notes on Contributors Index

The Black Presence in England and Wales after the Abolition Act, 1807-1930

The Black Presence in England and Wales after the Abolition Act, 1807-1930⋆ Caroline Bressey (bio) 1. Black Historical Geographies The black people who oversaw the 'era of abolition' were diverse and the majority probably lived their lives as ordinary members of the working class. This essay aims to give an overview of some of the people who were a part of the continuous black presence in England and Wales during the 'era of abolition', throughout the long nineteenth century and into the last century. The essay ends with the formation of the League of Coloured People in 1930. The League sought to fight increasingly overt racism in Britain, realized especially through the entrenchment of the colour bar which impacted upon the lives of black people from the Edwardian era until well beyond the Windrush era. As Kathy Chater has illustrated in her paper for this volume, the ethnic origins of black people was not regularly recorded in official documents in Britain during the era of slavery. This pattern continued into the nineteenth century, and included the national census when it was introduced, and thus it is equally difficult to determine how large the black population in Britain was during this period. However, it seems that many historians have taken this absence of statistics of the black presence to mean an absence of black people themselves. Kenneth Little acknowledged that if the evidence of late nineteenth-century commentators was to be believed then by the 1870s the black man or woman had virtually disappeared except for crossing sweepers and an occasional black bishop.1 Peter Ackroyd's London biography confirmed this as their presence was accorded only ten lines (although this amounts to a paragraph which is ten lines longer than many other publications). The final sentence of that paragraph tells us that, in the nineteenth century black people 'rarely appear in novels or narratives, except as occasional grotesques, and their general fate seems to have been one of settlement among the urban poor'.2 As Jan Marsh's recent exhibition of black figures in visual culture between 1800 and 1900 illustrated, there are other mediums which can give us alternative references [End Page 224] to the black presence. These include images such as 'Victorian "crowd scenes" which characteristically include at least one black figure, in conscious tribute to urban diversity'.3 More ordinary characters have been revealed in studies such as Ian Duffield's research taken from the archive offices of New South Wales and Australia, among which he found 195 black men and six women, including Charlotte Claydon. An unmarried single parent, Claydon stole £6 in Bethnal Green and arrived in Sydney in 1837.4 In my own research I have used institutions with photographic archives as a means of accessing the archives of black people which led me to investigate the black presence in prisons, hospitals and children's homes. Others like Duffield have found similar records fruitful as occasionally the colour of a man or woman's skin is included in a description which accompanies their details. From such archives we know that William Cross Wasdon, a 'man of colour' who was a hawker in Exeter came into contact with the law for 'playing an unlawful game with 3 Thimbles and a Ball' when he was aged 19 in August 1823.5 However, the numbers of the nineteenth century's black working classes who avoided contact with the state because of poverty, illness or crime, are difficult to estimate and very difficult to calculate. They are to be found, as Chater has pointed out, in wills, baptism and other Church records, and newspapers. From such sources the presence of John Day in St Sidwells, Devon comes to light. A 'man of colour', he was a shopkeeper and known in his local neighbourhood as a waiter at dinner and evening parties. We only know about him because the Western Times reported his death in 1837.6 We know one young man was educated at the Gloucester British School in 1845, but his presence is highlighted because he was teased and had tricks played on him. Action was taken, offering rewards to boys who would give information on...

Spectacle, Death, and a European Traveling One-Ring Circus: A Response to Kenneth Little

Spectacle, Death, and a European Traveling One-Ring Circus: A Response to Kenneth Little

A Sociology of Education for Africa by Kenneth Blakemore and Brian Cooksey London, George Allen & Unwin, 1980. Pp. xi + 274. £3.95 paperback. - The Sociology of Urban Women's Image in African Literature by Kenneth Little London and Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1980. Pp. x + 174. £12.00.

A Sociology of Education for Africa by Kenneth Blakemore and Brian Cooksey London, George Allen & Unwin, 1980. Pp. xi + 274. £3.95 paperback. - The Sociology of Urban Women's Image in African Literature by Kenneth Little London and Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1980. Pp. x + 174. £12.00. - Volume 19 Issue 4

KENNETH LITTLE. The Sociology of Urban Women's Image in African Literature. Pp. x, 174. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield, 1980. $27.50

KENNETH LITTLE. The Sociology of Urban Women's Image in African Literature. Pp. x, 174. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield, 1980. $27.50

Comment on Chinas' Review of African Women in Towns

American AnthropologistVolume 80, Issue 1 p. 110-110 Free Access Comment on Chiñas' Review of African Women in Towns Kenneth Little, Kenneth Little University of EdinburghSearch for more papers by this author Kenneth Little, Kenneth Little University of EdinburghSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1978 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1978.80.1.02a00100AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume80, Issue1March 1978Pages 110-110 RelatedInformation

Kenneth Little's African Women in Towns: A Review

Kenneth Little's African Women in Towns: A Review

Power and Independence: urban Africans' perception of social inequality by P. C. Lloyd London and Boston, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974. Pp. xvi + 248. £5.95. - Urbanization as a Social Process: an essay on movement and change in contemporary Africa by Kenneth Little London and Boston, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974. Pp. x + 153. £3.20. £1.80 paperback.

Power and Independence: urban Africans' perception of social inequality by P. C. Lloyd London and Boston, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974. Pp. xvi + 248. £5.95. - Urbanization as a Social Process: an essay on movement and change in contemporary Africa by Kenneth Little London and Boston, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974. Pp. x + 153. £3.20. £1.80 paperback. - Volume 14 Issue 4

Urbanization as a Social Process: An Essay on Movement and Change in Contemporary Africa.Kenneth Little

<i>Urbanization as a Social Process: An Essay on Movement and Change in Contemporary Africa.</i>Kenneth Little

Book reviews

Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site. Volume II: The Later Prehistoric Cultures. J. Desmond Clark. London, Cambridge University Press, 1974. xiv, 420 pp., maps, illus, tabs, figs. £17,00. Sociology and Development. Edited by Emmanuel de Kadt and Gavin Williams. London, Tavistock, 1974. (Explorations in Sociology, 4) £2,00. A Natural History of Associations: A Study in the Meaning of Community. R. M. Bradfield. London, Duckworth, 1973. 2 vols. £13,25. Africa Counts. Number and Pattern in African Culture. Claudia Zaslavsky. Boston, Prindle Weber and Schmidt, 1973. x, 328 pp., illus, maps. U.S. $12,50. Soldiering and Surveying in British East Africa. J. R. L. Macdonald (with a new Introduction by A. T. Matson). London, Dawson of Pall Mall, 1973. (Colonial History Series, No. 83) xliii (Introduction), xvi, 333 pp., maps, illus, index. £8,50. With Macdonald in Uganda. H. H. Austin (with a new Introduction by A. T. Matson). London, Dawson of Pall Mall, 1973. (Colonial History Series, No. 84) xxiv (Introduction), xv, 314 pp., maps, illus, appendices, index. £8,00. The Traditional Artist in African Societies. Edited by W. D'Azevedo. Bloomington and London, Indiana University Press for International Affairs Center, 1974. £8,00. The Ibo People and the Europeans; The Genesis of a Relationship – to 1906. Elizabeth Isichei. London, Faber and Faber, 1973. 207 pp., illus. £4,50. The Shambaa Kingdom: A History. Steven Feierman. Wisconsin and London, University of Wisconsin Press, 1974. xii, 235 pp., maps. $12,50. African Women in Towns: An Aspect of Africa's Social Revolution. Kenneth Little. London, Cambridge University Press, 1973. vii, 218 pp. £4,90. The African Slave Trade and its Suppression: A Classified and Annotated Bibliography of Books, Pamphlets and Periodical Articles. P. C. Hogg. London, Frank Cass, 1973. xviii, 409 pp. £12,50.

The Perils of Pioneering Race Relations

American AnthropologistVolume 77, Issue 4 p. 887-888 Free Access The Perils of Pioneering Race Relations KENNETH LITTLE, KENNETH LITTLE University of EdinburghSearch for more papers by this author KENNETH LITTLE, KENNETH LITTLE University of EdinburghSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1975 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1975.77.4.02a00160AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume77, Issue4December 1975Pages 887-888 RelatedInformation

African Women in Towns: an aspect of Africa's social revolution by Kenneth Little Cambridge University Press, 1973. Pp. viii+242. £4.90 £1.90 paperback. $4.95. - Women and Property in Morocco: their changing relation to the process of social stratification in the Middle Atlas by Vanessa Maher Cambridge University Press, 1974. Pp. xii+238. £5.00. $14.95. - Marriage among a Matrilineal Elite: a

African Women in Towns: an aspect of Africa's social revolution by Kenneth Little Cambridge University Press, 1973. Pp. viii+242. £4.90 £1.90 paperback. $4.95. - Women and Property in Morocco: their changing relation to the process of social stratification in the Middle Atlas by Vanessa Maher Cambridge University Press, 1974. Pp. xii+238. £5.00. $14.95. - Marriage among a Matrilineal Elite: a

Book Review: Urbanisation as a Social Process: An Essay on Movement and Change in Contemporary Africa by KENNETH LITTLE. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1974. pp. 153. £3·20 (cloth edition), £1·80 (paperback)

Book Review: Urbanisation as a Social Process: An Essay on Movement and Change in Contemporary Africa by KENNETH LITTLE. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1974. pp. 153. £3·20 (cloth edition), £1·80 (paperback)

African Women in Towns: An Aspect of Africa's Revolution. By Kenneth Little. London: Cambridge University Press, 1973. Pp. viii + 242. £4.90, cloth; £1.90, paper.

African Women in Towns: An Aspect of Africa's Revolution. By Kenneth Little. London: Cambridge University Press, 1973. Pp. viii + 242. £4.90, cloth; £1.90, paper.

Trade Union Membership in the Coppermines of Zambia: A Test of Some Hypotheses

* I wish to acknowledge the support I received from the Foreign Area Fellowship Program and the National Science Foundation (Doctoral dissertation research in political science, grant no. G.S. 1210), which made it possible to collect the data for this study. I wish also to acknowledge the support of the Center for International Studies of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which provided the funds for data analysis and published an earlier version of this paper. 1 Louis Wirth, Urbanism as a Way of Life, American Journal of Sociology 44 (July 1938): 1-25. As examples of contemporary writings, see Immanuel Wallerstein, Ethnicity and National Integration, Cahiers d'etudes africaines 1 (1960): 129-39; and William B. Schwab, Oshogbo-an Urban Community? in Urbanization and Migration in West ed. Hilda Kuper (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1965), pp. 85-109. 2 Thus, Banton states: Some understanding of the emergence and spread of new norms may be gained from the study of new institutions. Voluntary associations are of particular interest in this respect, for the new norms are frequently rendered explicit in the association's constitution or activities, and are taught to novices as the distinguishing characteristic of the organization. This quotation appears in Michael F. Banton, A West African City: A Study of Tribal Life in Freetown (London: Oxford University Press, 1957), p. 5. See also Michael Banton, Adaptation and Immigration in the Social System of Temne Immigrants in Freetown, in Social Change: Colonial Situation, ed. Immanuel Wallerstein (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1966), pp. 402-19; Kenneth Little, The Organization of Voluntary Associations in West Africa, Civilisations 9 (1959): 283-97; Kenneth Little, West African Urbanization: A Study of Voluntary Associations in Social Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965); Philip Mayer, Townsmen or Tribesmen (Capetown: Oxford University Press, 1961); and Philip Mayer, Some Forms of Religious Organization among Africans in a South African City, in Urbanization in African Social Change: Proceedings of the Inaugural Seminar Held in the Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, ed. Kenneth Little (Edinburgh: Centre of African Studies, 1963), pp. 113-26.

: The Springs of Mende Belief and Conduct: A Discussion of the Influence of the Belief in the Supernatural among the Mende . W. T. Harris, Harry Sawyerr. ; The Mende of Sierra Leone: A West African People in Transition . Kenneth Little.

American AnthropologistVolume 71, Issue 5 p. 932-935 Free Access ETHNOLOGY: The Springs of Mende Belief and Conduct: A Discussion of the Influence of the Belief in the Supernatural among the Mende. W. T. Harris and Harry Sawyerr, The Mende of Sierra Leone: A West African People in Transition. Kenneth Little Marion D. de B. Kilson, Marion D. de B. Kilson Radcliffe InstituteSearch for more papers by this author Marion D. de B. Kilson, Marion D. de B. Kilson Radcliffe InstituteSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1969 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1969.71.5.02a00270AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume71, Issue5October 1969Pages 932-935 RelatedInformation

Urbanization and Migration in West Africa edited by Hilda Kuper Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1965. Pp. 227. $6.95. - West African Urbanization by Kenneth Little Cambridge University Press, 1965. Pp. viii + 179. 35s. - Urbanization in West Africa—a review of current literature by Ruth P. Simms Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 1965. Pp. 109. $2.95.

Urbanization and Migration in West Africa edited by Hilda Kuper Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1965. Pp. 227. $6.95. - West African Urbanization by Kenneth Little Cambridge University Press, 1965. Pp. viii + 179. 35s. - Urbanization in West Africa—a review of current literature by Ruth P. Simms Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 1965. Pp. 109. $2.95.

: Urbanization and Migration in West Africa . Hilda Kuper. ; West African Urbanization: A Study of Voluntary Associations in Social Change . Kenneth Little.

: Urbanization and Migration in West Africa . Hilda Kuper. ; West African Urbanization: A Study of Voluntary Associations in Social Change . Kenneth Little.