Kempton Park Research Articles

COVID-19 and Sunday worship in the wake of the pandemic at Our Lady of Loreto, South Africa

Christians, and those of the Roman Catholic Church, have made significant adjustments to their participation in Sunday liturgy in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This is especially the case for Catholic Christians at the ‘Our Lady of Loreto’ (OLL) Church in Kempton Park in South Africa. Sunday Church services that used to be compulsory for most Catholic families and community members, are now attended by few and in some cases none from staunch Catholic families and communities. However, this is not a new phenomenon in the Catholic Church. It signals the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has altered and continues to affect Christian families and their commitment to the Sunday liturgy. Drawing from qualitative interviews conducted with eight staunch Catholic community leaders of OLL Church in Kempton Park, Johannesburg, this paper explores the motivations for their continuous participation and/or non-participation in the Sunday liturgy in the wake of the pandemic. The findings reveal that certain behavioural patterns or activities associated with the COVID-19 pandemic motivate Catholic Christians and families to continue to participate and/or not participate in the Sunday liturgy.Contribution: The article explored and examined the way in which COVID-19 has affected Catholic Christians’ ability to attend Sunday liturgy. It discovered that while some Christians returned to church after the pandemic, others have continued to worship from home because of the influence of changes adopted during the pandemic.

Journeying with the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians on Contextuality (1989–2021)

The author describes her journey with the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians (the Circle) in the 25 years between 1996 and 2021. This is done in terms of the methodological values of autoethnography, a method to describe and critique cultural phenomena through the author’s own experiences; “cultural” referring here to the culture of doing theology from African women’s perspectives. The author describes her participation in five of the six Pan-African conferences of the Circle (the first in Accra, Ghana, 1989, is included in the discussion, but was not attended by the author). The article specifically notes developments in the foci of the conferences in general. The author’s journeys with the conferences in Nairobi, Kenya (1996); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2002); Yaoundé, Cameroon (2006); Kempton Park, South Africa (2013); and Gaborone, Botswana (2019) are presented. The author evaluates the Circle’s ability to contextualise its theologies in terms of five questions, namely: 1) whether the Circle has been non-reductionist in establishing the causes of contextual patriarchy; 2) whether the Circle has been able to establish a multi-dimensional contra-culture vis-à-vis patriarchy; 3) whether the Circle has placed the binaries of male and female in dialogue with one another; 4) whether the Circle and its theologies have brought healing to a gendered society; and 5) whether the Circle has established partnerships outside its epistemological and social borders.

Effects of successful business practices on business performance: Evidence from immigrant entrepreneurs in Ekurhuleni, South Africa

Background: The success stories of immigrant entrepreneurs are well documented worldwide. In South Africa, that success created mixed feelings among the locals as immigrant entrepreneurs are often perceived as being opportunistic and cunning in business. There is not much research on the business practices that are applied and how they influence business performance.Aim: This research study aimed to explore and sought an in-depth understanding of the business practices that immigrant entrepreneurs put into practice and how they affect business performance.Setting: The research was carried out in Germiston and Kempton Park in the Ekurhuleni metropolitan, in Gauteng province. Moreover, the study focused on legally operated businesses by immigrant entrepreneurs.Methods: To enable the exploration of personal experiences, a qualitative research approach was used. Twelve in-depth face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questions were conducted to collect data.Results: The study established that immigrant entrepreneurs in South Africa indeed implemented business practices, and advertising was used by all 12 participants. Word of mouth, which created loyalty, came out as the most trusted and valued business practice that all immigrant entrepreneurs relied on.Conclusion: The study deduces a strong positive relationship between implementing business practices and improved business performance. This study revealed that entrepreneurs applied different business practices (such as advertising, transportation and pricing) simultaneously to promote and improve business performance.

Justice for victims of human trafficking in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Human trafficking is not a new problem in South Africa and statistics have indicated that it is on the increase. The crime of human trafficking is clandestine and complex. Human trafficking is a complex issue that can be considered from different perspectives and its associated legal framework, in very general terms, states will be responsible for their own acts or omissions that breach their obligations under international law, including human rights law. This article explores and attempts to find solutions for victims of human trafficking. This study utilised a phenomenological qualitative framework following semi-structured interviews. The sampling methods adopted for this study were purposive, using snowball sampling, where the authors could identify the samples, one after the other, through references given earlier. It focused on 40 participants from the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (DPCI), the South African Police Service (SAPS), the Department of Home Affairs (DHA), the Department of Social Development (DSD) and the Gauteng Provincial Office, from Pretoria, Springs and Kempton Park. The key findings indicated that the challenges are corruption, lack of motivation and commitment to combat human trafficking, lack of limited awareness and information about the human trafficking scourge in South Africa, the findings also indicated a lack of clear strategy and response by stakeholders to successfully investigate, prosecute and incarcerate the perpetrators of human trafficking and the findings further indicated lack of capacity, resources and training to deal with human trafficking. Based on the findings, the author provided, possible recommendations such as; the utilisation of advanced technology and use of intelligence-led policing to strengthen the work of stakeholders, advanced training and better education including improved awareness strategies; and the utilisation of social media as a tool to deal with human trafficking and strengthening of enforcement responses and reporting techniques.

The integration of technology in supporting progressed learners in English First Additional Language comprehension

This study aims at finding the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) as an intervention tool for progressed learners in teaching and learning of English first additional language (FAL) comprehension in the intermediate phase. With learner progression proving a challenge facing the South African education system, the aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to investigate the extent to which first additional language educators employ ICT as an intervention tool to assist learners who are progressed. Data collection strategies used in this study were semi-structured interviews and documentation such as lesson plans, progression tracking tools and support policies used at selected schools. The study population was eight intermediate phase English FAL educators from two Tembisa schools. Tembisa is a township north of Kempton Park on the East Rand, in Gauteng, South Africa. In selecting these participants, purposive sampling techniques were used. Data was analysed using ATLAS.ti and presented in a descriptive and graphical way. There is limited research in South Africa on the impact of ICT for progressed learners or a progression policy, as this policy is a relatively new phenomenon. The findings from this study indicated that the use of ICT in a classroom to support progressed learners yields positive results. The findings further indicated that ICT has a potential to reduce failure rates that ultimately minimises the number of learners who need to be progressed without meeting promotional requirements.

Effect of a simple intervention on hand hygiene related diseases in preschools in South Africa: research protocol for an intervention study

IntroductionHand hygiene (HH) related illnesses such as diarrhoea and respiratory diseases, contribute to the burden of disease and are included in the top five causes of mortality in children under...

The behaviour and attitudes of Kempton Park communities with reference to reusing domestic waste

The reuse of domestic waste is an integral part of the domestic waste minimisation process to remove waste from the waste stream. The main objectives of this study were: to determine whether or not households participate in domestic waste reuse activities and the type of activities involved; where they receive information on waste reuse; the behaviour and attitude towards reuse and recommendations based on the findings of the study. This study adopted a quantitative approach describing suburban communities' attitudes and behaviour towards waste reuse. The investigation was non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive. Structured questions were used through a simple random sampling method. Results indicated that respondents reused domestic waste, their domestic reuse information was obtained from the media and internet, reusing of waste was a positive activity that would help future generations and it could help save money. Recommendations were made that formal programmes would assist residents to reuse waste efficiently and that government departments and environmental health practitioners should be better sources of information for reuse.

3D ground-use optimisation for sustainable urban development planning: A case-study from Earls Court, London, UK

By 2050, almost 70% of the world’s population will live in towns and cities. This places increasing pressure on land to support development whilst minimising environmental impact and providing long-term sustainability. Prior knowledge of the ground at the planning and development stage is needed to assess its suitability to meet planned subsurface uses and avoid subsurface conflicts at an early stage of design.This research tested the development and application of a 3D engineering geological model and its spatial integration with 2D (hydro)geological datasets to support sustainable development decision-making at Earls Court, London, UK. The 3D engineering geological model consists of seven geological layers extending from Made Ground to the top surface of the Chalk Group. The 3D geological model, and 2D datasets derived from it, are combined with 2D geospatial datasets of urban underground space (UUS) indicators to identify potential uses of urban underground space based on its suitability to do so. This is complimented by a qualitative assessment of the potential subsurface interactions between UUS indicator uses and their implications for delivering the sustainability and energy objectives specified in the Earls Court masterplan.Infiltration sustainable drainage systems (SuDS), ground source heat potential and foundation condition potential were chosen as suitable UUS indictors against which to test the outputs of the methodology. Infiltration SuDS potential was assessed using nationally-available (hydro)geological 2D GIS datasets. Ground source heat potential was assessed using national-available 2D datasets and estimates of thermal properties of each geological layer revealed by the 3D geological model. Potentially suitable foundation conditions were assessed using density data from existing ground investigations and depth of suitable geological layers derived from the 3D geological model.The results reveal constraints for the development of rapid infiltration SuDS but opportunities for bespoke design that considers the thickness of overlying permeable sand and gravel. It identifies the susceptibility of the London Clay Formation to potential volume change and ground movement based on an assessment of its plasticity. Closed-loop ground source heat pump opportunities exist depending on site-specific thermal and hydraulic properties and heat exchange design. Opportunities for the use of the Kempton Park Gravel Member for ground source heating and cooling and combined use of thermal regulation and pile design via thermopiles are identified. A qualitative assessment of potential benefits and conflicts between UUS indicator uses reveals that the Kempton Park Gravel Member and London Clay Formation are likely to have the highest, relative, UUS value.The results demonstrate that there is potential to modify the energy and sustainability components of the Earls Court masterplan prior to invasive ground investigation and development. It is further suggested that this approach can be used to compliment research-tested, semi-qualitative means of valuing UUS indicators. The implications of the methodology for mainstreaming UUS into city masterplans is also assessed. It is concluded that opportunities now exist for the integrated 3D and 2D spatial assessment of UUS indicators into city-scale masterplans.

The use of information and communication technologies in public libraries in South Africa as tools for bridging the digital divide: the case of the Kempton Park public library

ABSTRACTThe information and knowledge society has resulted in the exponential growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs), thus creating a gap between those who use ICTs and those who do not; hence the emergence of the term “digital divide” in the 1990s. One of the milestones of South Africa’s National Development Plan, a policy that charts the country’s development up until 2030, is to ensure that high-speed broadband internet is universally available at competitive prices. Notwithstanding the importance of ICTs in public libraries, the provision of such is still taking place on a limited scale in South Africa. This article investigates the use of ICTs in public libraries in South Africa as a tool in bridging the digital divide. It also examines the inequalities in access and use and suggests ways in which ICTs may be used to reduce the digital divide. A qualitative research methodology was adopted. In order for public libraries to function as an important tool in bridging the digital divide, there is a need to standardize the provision of public library services with regard to the digital divide.

Developing a Weather Impact Index for O. R. Tambo International Airport, South Africa

Abstract Weather-related delays in the aviation sector will always occur; however, through effective delay management, the impact and duration of delays can be reduced. Part of delay management is thoroughly assessing adverse weather risks. A weather impact index was specifically designed for O. R. Tambo International Airport, in Kempton Park, South Africa, the busiest airport in Africa, in order to identify the level of risk forecasted adverse weather will have on departure delays. The index is based on a study of all departure delays due to adverse weather over the aerodrome for the period 2010–13. The index is marked for use on 30-h terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAFs) as a planning tool.

Gender and sexualities in African contexts and Circle theologies

No abstract available.

From Birthmark

from Birthmark Stephen Clingman (bio) Keywords Birthmark, Memoir, South Africa, apartheid, Stephen Clingman 2 He was born into light, the most beautiful soft and bright sunlight of the most beautiful place on Earth. At least, that is how it is in my memory, this other self who was me, the presence within me still. When I was born, we lived in Kempton Park, near my grandparents. My mother’s father, Isaac, had come to South Africa when he was thirteen; his father was a rabbi, a pious and learned man, and a scholar whose every gesture encoded gentleness. His name was Rabbi Moses Friedman (affectionately known as Reb Moishel or, in the pronunciation of the day, Reb Meishel), and he had been a founder member of the Beth Din in Johannesburg, then a town still in turbulent transition after its beginnings as a mining encampment. Though bookish, Reb Meishel had certain saintly qualities. Before he died, he begged forgiveness of anyone he might have harmed even unknowingly; when couples came to him to be married, he would always ask the bride, “How old do you say you are?” so as not to embarrass her or cause her to lie. This sort of delicacy of the unspoken became an underlying motif for the family, so that the slightest undulation in tone could have major significance. We were trained readers of those shifts from the start, sometimes a burden as well as a gift. When Reb Meishel died, there were thousands at his funeral, the papers reported, and a train of cars and carriages more than a mile long. The rabbi delivering the oration mourned the loss of a Talmid Chochom who had “lived in his books and died among them,” studying the holy Torah in the quiet of the night while others slept and a world of wars and strikes went on about him. Meishel’s son Isaac, however, was different. A bit of a dandy at heart, an entrepreneur, he became mayor of Kempton Park, a small town to the northeast of Johannesburg. In an act of biblical repetition, Isaac married Rebecca, the daughter of a man who came to [End Page 404] Zuurfontein before its name changed to Kempton Park; he had walked from Cape Town, where his ship had docked, across the expanses of the Karoo and beyond into the interior. He was named Max Kahan, and he began his life in South Africa by selling groceries to the British soldiers from a siding at the railway station in Kempton Park after the Boer War. For all these migrants there were chronological gaps and asynchronies. Parents preceded children, children preceded parents, husbands preceded wives in the vast journey across the oceans until those who remained behind could be brought over to join them. Isaac, the son of the rabbi, joined Max, the father of Rebecca, and they ran a grocery shop in Kempton Park called Kahan & Friedman, where my father also worked many years later when it had become a hardware store. After Max’s death, his wife, Esther, moved in with her daughter and son-in-law, and so my mother grew up with her widowed grandmother in the house, a woman who hauled herself round on crutches and mourned not only the children she had lost but also the impure country she had come to, the trayfe land, where the proper ways had fallen behind. She herself was so godfearing that all the way on the boat from the Baltic via England to South Africa she had lived on a barrel of salt herring, knowing nothing else could be guaranteed as kosher. One can only imagine what state she was in when she arrived — and perhaps what it was like to be near her. Sometimes it was the other grandmother who came to the house, Reb Meishel’s wife, Rosa — she would sleep with one eye open in the bedroom she shared with my mother. For Esther, now suffering from short-term memory loss, there was nothing like the country she had left behind, but when my mother asked her own mother about that forgotten place, all Rebecca said was why would you want to...

“When in Joburg Relatives Show their True Colours”: <i>The changing role of the family as a source of social capital among Zimbabwean migrants in Johannesburg</i>

This study analyses the changing role of the family as a source of social capital in aiding migration, settlement and social integration of Zimbabwean migrants. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 58 Zimbabwean migrants in Tembisa and Kempton Park in Johannesburg metropolitan city. The article makes an important contribution to literature revealing how as a result of decreased chances to get a good job, pressure to remit back home and expectations to look after newcomers, Zimbabwean migrant families are experiencing economic strain resulting in tense and hostile relations and rejection of new migrants.

The uses of social capital among Zimbabwean migrants in Johannesburg

This paper analyses the role of family and church networks as sources of social capital in aiding migration, settlement and social integration of Zimbabwean migrants. It also shows how these networks sometimes inhibit migrant integration into the host community. The study was carried out among Zimbabwean migrants in Tembisa and Kempton Park in Johannesburg. This study adds to the growing literature on bonding and bridging social capital while at the same time revealing how social capital is both a blessing and blight to Zimbabwean migrants. This paper makes an important contribution to the literature by arguing that while sometimes migrant social integration is hindered by the activities of the host population (e.g. xenophobic attitudes among South African locals), in some cases, the migrants themselves could hinder their own social integration through their migrant social networks. I argue that this is an unintended consequence of migrant family and religious networks.

Association between Wheeze and Selected Air Pollution Sources in an Air Pollution Priority Area in South Africa: a Cross - Sectional Study

Background: An association between wheeze (a symptom of asthma) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), types of fuel used for residential heating or cooking and the frequency of trucks passing near homes, has been reported mainly in developed countries. Little is known about the strength of such associations in developing countries. This study was conducted in residential areas situated in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, namely Tembisa and Kempton Park, which form part of the Highveld region, a priority area in terms of air pollution in South Africa. Methods: From 3764 eligible school children, aged between 13 and 14 years, from 16 selected high schools in the study area, 3468 completed a modified questionnaire based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Data were analysed using multiple logistic regression models. Results: The results are based on data from 3424 children. In the adjusted models, exposure to ETS at school was associated with wheeze ever (OR 1.22 95% CI: 1.03 − 1.45) and current wheeze (OR 1.33 95% CI: 1.08 − 1.64). When gas was most frequently used for residential heating the likelihood of wheeze ever increased by 47% (OR 1.47 95% CI: 1.15 − 1.88). Trucks passing near homes for almost the whole day during weekdays, increased the likelihood of wheeze ever (OR 1.32 95% CI: 1.01 − 1.73), current wheeze (OR 1.61 95% CI: 1.15 − 2.24) and current severe wheeze (OR 2.22 95% CI: 1.28 − 3.77). When data were stratified according to residential area, for children living in Tembisa, ETS exposure at home was associated with current wheeze (OR 1.36 95% CI: 1.06 − 1.77); gas most frequently used for residential heating was associated with wheeze ever (OR 1.68 95% CI: 1.23 − 2.28) and current wheeze (OR 1.61 95% CI: 1.08 − 2.39); paraffin most frequently used for residential heating was associated with current severe wheeze (OR 1.85 95% CI: 1.04 − 3.28). Conclusion: It was concluded that children living in one of the air pollution priority areas of South Africa, have an increased risk of wheezing due to exposure to both indoor and outdoor air pollution sources.

Zimbabwean Migrant Entrepreneurs in Kempton Park and Tembisa, Johannesburg: Challenges and Opportunities

The study explores the lives of seventeen Zimbabwean entrepreneurs studied in Tembisa and Kempton Park, Johannesburg in 2012. It analyses the structure of opportunity available to these entrepreneurs and argues that although migrants can create employment, they do not necessarily benefit the local populations because their businesses are too small and also because of their reluctance to employ locals whom they consider lazy and troublesome. Zimbabweans originally migrated to South Africa in search of good salaried jobs rather than self-employment. Self-employment is largely a result of dissatisfaction with the conditions of employment, inability to get desired jobs and having a better command of human and social capital. These migrants have a short history in self-employment and are the first to establish such economic ventures in their families. Their businesses thrive because of hardwork, engaging in activities that they are familiar with (thus they do not venture into complicated, unfamiliar territory) and relying on the neighbourhood which serves as a market. All the entrepreneurs studied view South Africa as a land of opportunities where one can establish himself/herself and survive, although the environment is riddled with xenophobia. However, most can be classified as survival entrepreneurs.

Association between wheeze and selected air pollution sources in an air pollution priority area in South Africa: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundAn association between wheeze (a symptom of asthma) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), types of fuel used for residential heating or cooking and the frequency of trucks passing near homes, has been reported mainly in developed countries. Little is known about the strength of such associations in developing countries. This study was conducted in residential areas situated in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, namely Tembisa and Kempton Park, which form part of the Highveld region, a priority area in terms of air pollution in South Africa.MethodsFrom 3764 eligible school children, aged between 13 and 14 years, from 16 selected high schools in the study area, 3468 completed a modified questionnaire based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Data were analysed using multiple logistic regression models.ResultsThe results are based on data from 3424 children. In the adjusted models, exposure to ETS at school was associated with wheeze ever (OR 1.22 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.45) and current wheeze (OR 1.33 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.64). When gas was most frequently used for residential heating the likelihood of wheeze ever increased by 47% (OR 1.47 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.88). Trucks passing near homes for almost the whole day during weekdays, increased the likelihood of wheeze ever (OR 1.32 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.73), current wheeze (OR 1.61 95% CI: 1.15 - 2.24) and current severe wheeze (OR 2.22 95% CI: 1.28 - 3.77). When data were stratified according to residential area, for children living in Tembisa, ETS exposure at home was associated with current wheeze (OR 1.36 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.77); gas most frequently used for residential heating was associated with wheeze ever (OR 1.68 95% CI: 1.23 - 2.28) and current wheeze (OR 1.61 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.39); paraffin most frequently used for residential heating was associated with current severe wheeze (OR 1.85 95% CI: 1.04 - 3.28).ConclusionIt was concluded that children living in one of the air pollution priority areas of South Africa, have an increased risk of wheezing due to exposure to both indoor and outdoor air pollution sources.

The doing of the little righteousness – the on-going search for justice after the TRC

Taking as point of departure, South African theologian Dirkie Smit’s theological oeuvre, particularly his theological reflections on issues such as politics, justice, peace and reconciliation, the essay moves on to focus on Mahmood Mamdani’s view of the differences between the Nuremberg trials, South Africa’s political negotiations held in Kempton Park and the TRC and his critique of the latter. This once again raises the matter of justice, different forms of justice – especially as either “victor justice” or “survivor justice” and the consequences of this for the TRC and for christians in the call for the doing of justice. With reference to the views of Desmond Tutu (especially his understanding of the concept of ubuntu), it is suggested that the TRC’s only choice was not just between retributive and restorative justice, revenge and forgiveness, but that it was incumbent upon it to advance the gains made at Kempton Park and to move from victim’s justice to survivor’s justice and from the foundation of political justice to social justice which it did not do.

Development and application of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) for the extraction of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment samples in Johannesburg area, South Africa

A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was verified and applied for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples. Soxhlet extraction was used as the reference method. The optimum MAE was carried out with 20mL of hexane/acetone (1:1, v/v) mixture in a 1-g sample at 250W for 20min. Soxhlet extraction was carried out with 250mL of dichloromethane:hexane (1:1, v/v) mixture in a 15-g sample for 24h in a water bath maintained at 60°C. The collected extracts were both cleaned up, reduced to 1mL under nitrogen and then injected into an HPLC fluorescence. To increase the sample throughput, simultaneous MAE was performed. The obtained percentage recoveries ranged from 61 to 93 and 88-98 for MAE and SE, respectively. The optimised MAE method was validated using certified reference material. It was then applied to real sediment samples from in and around the greater Johannesburg area. The sediments from Jukskei River were found to be the most polluted while Hartbeespoort Dam sediments were found to be least polluted. The overall order of concentrations for the studied PAHs per site was as follows: Jukskei River > Kempton Park > Centurion Dams > Natalspruit River (PIT) > Hartbeespoort Dam.

A Bioarchaeological Investigation into the Human Remains Discovered in the Chloorkop Area, South Africa

ABSTRACTIn November 2008, human skeletal remains were discovered during construction works undertaken by Carlop Properties in the Chloorkop industrial area, Kempton Park, Gauteng. The Forensic Anthropology Unit of the University of Pretoria, Forensic Anthropology Research Centre (FARC) was notified, and rescue excavations of both the exposed and the undisturbed remains were undertaken. The skeletonised remains of at least 18 individuals were recovered and sent to the Department of Anatomy at the University of Pretoria for standard anthropological analysis. The identity and the time period of these human remains are unknown, and during social consultation, no relatives could be identified. Excavations revealed a formal burial pattern, which suggests a formal cemetery, probably associated with a historic institution. All individuals were buried in wooden coffins in an extended, supine position. The remains consist of both adult and juvenile remains. Some of the remains were found in a commingled state because of disturbance caused by construction work. The minimum number of individuals was determined by the visual pair matching of skeletal elements on the basis of similarities observed in bone morphology, age and sex, trauma and pathology and taphonomic alterations. Bioarchaeological techniques were used, and the following results were obtained. Of the 18 individuals, at least 15 were identified to be males, one possibly female and two juveniles. At least five of the adult male individuals presented with cut marks associated with standard autopsy procedures. No reference to the individuals' identity or to the context of the cemetery within the historical span of the Chloorkop area has been located. However, the burial pattern observed, as well as the demographic profile and pathology observed on the skeletal remains, suggests that these individuals could be linked to the Klipfontein Organic Products Factory (ca 1941s–1970s), which employed many migrant labourers, most to whom lived in compounds on the factory premises. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.