Doses Of KCl Research Articles

The Effect of Potassium Dosage and Branch-Pruning on the Growth and Yield of Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata Durch)

Butternut squash (C. moschata) is a honey squash plant (Cucurbita moschata Durch) which is an introduced plant from the lowlands of South America and has adapted to Indonesia. The research was carried out in the planting area of Kampung Labu Madu, Toyoresmi Village, Ngasem District, Kediri Regency from January to June 2021. Potassium is among major nutrients needed by plants in their growth and development. Potassium fertilization can help plants improve the regulation of photosynthetic mechanisms, carbohydrate translocation, protein synthesis This research was a two-factor factorial experiment prepared using a Split Plot Design. The first factor (main plot) was the branch pruning (P) treatment which consisted of 2 levels and the second factor (subplot) was the dose of KCl (K) fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels. The results of the research showed that there was a real influence in the treatment without pruning on the parameters of the number of male flowers and on the parameter of fruit weight with the best treatment being pruning, whereas for the treatment the dose of KCl fertilizer had a real effect on the parameters.

Optimizing oil palm farming: Soil quality, fertilization and agro-environmental performance

The essential role of fertilization in the management of oil palm plantations cannot be overstated, with the understanding that effective strategies must be fine-tuned to accommodate the diversity of soil types present. The nuanced response of oil palm to fertilization under different soil conditions underscores the critical nature of this research. This study investigates the relationship between oil palm farming practices and agro-environmental performance of plantations. This research aims to understand the complex mechanisms influencing plantation productivity. Five agronomic field experiments were carried out on various soil types (Podzol, Inceptisol, Peat) during 2022. These experiments involved various types of soil and used different plant materials in a total land area of 33 hectares. The results of the peat soil trials revealed a positive effect of RP fertilizer on leaf phosphorus (P) content and a visible gradient in potassium (K) content with different doses of KCl. Average plantation yields peaked in 2022, showing the best yields ever recorded. On the contrary, experiments in podzolic soils showed that oil palm responded better to organic fertilizers than to mineral fertilizers in podzolic soils. The inceptisol soil revealed a significant increase in leaf potassium (K) content with KCl dose, confirming the positive effect of fresh oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) on potassium levels. In particular, EFB acts as a good K fertilizer, positively influencing the K content but negatively affecting the calcium content (Ca) due to K/Ca antagonism. These findings emphasize the need for diversified agricultural strategies to optimize oil palm cultivation, increase productivity, and reduce dependence on external input.

Agronomic biofortification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated in Oxisol with soil- and foliar-applied zinc

Consumption of foods with low zinc (Zn) contents has contributed to the onset of malnutrition and physiological problems in the population. Seeking to improve the nutritional quality of the grains, foliar applications of Zn have been carried out. The aim of this study was to evaluate Zn-EDTA and Zn-Amino as alternatives to ZnSO4, in foliar application, to improve the nutritional quality of the common bean cultivar ‘BRSMG Madrepérola’. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a factorial scheme [(3 × 5 + 1) + (1 × 3)], corresponding to three sources, five doses of foliar-applied Zn (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg dm−3), one control, without Zn application and three doses of KCl (0.0, 0.2 and 0.4%) along with the 5 mg dm−3 dose of Zn, through foliar application of ZnSO4, in a randomized block design with four replicates. The foliar application of Zn-EDTA was found to be more effective than other sources in increasing the levels and quantities of zinc and other nutrients in common bean grains. Furthermore, increasing doses of Zn-EDTA resulted in lower phytotoxic effects in common beans when compared to doses of ZnSO4 and Zn-Amino, with only a minimal reduction in grain yield at the dosage that promoted higher zinc contents in the grains. The foliar application of different doses and sources of zinc leads to increased zinc contents in grains, which could help improve their quality and nutritional value for human consumption, reducing zinc malnutrition.

Biochar decreases nutrient leaching in KCl-fertilized Podzols grown with black mucuna

Podzols are highly sandy soils, in which elements, such as potassium, needed by crops, are easily leached. Studies have indicated that biochar can contribute to increasing cation exchange capacity of the soil, which can improve the retention of bases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the poultry litter biochar combined or not with increasing doses of KCl, on leaching and soil base content, on the production of green manure biomass, and on the distribution of K in [...]

Effectiveness of Liquid Organic Fertilizer On N-Total of Soil, N, P, K Uptake, and Yields of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) In Inceptisols Jatinangor

Inceptisols are often used for intensive cultivation and have low levels of essential nutrients. Improvement of this fertility rate can be achieved by the application of organic based fertilizers that can increase soil fertility. Peanut has long been cultivated in Indonesia and is generally grown on dry land. This research was conducted from February to June 2023, at the experimental garden, Padjadjaran University. This research aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer combined with standard NPK fertilizer on soil N total, plant nutrient uptake, and peanut yields in Inceptisol Jatinangor. This study used a randomized block design experimental method with nine treatments and three replications, and the amount is 27 experimental units. The result shows that the combination of liquid organic fertilizer with NPK fertilizer can enhance yields of peanuts. The combination of 10 liters of liquid organic fertilizer per hectare andb ¾ dose of Urea, TSP and KCl can increase the total-N content of the soil, the absorption of N, P, and K, as well as the weight of dried pods. Therefore, the use of liquid organic fertilizer in peanut cultivation can be reduced by up to 25% and can increase the yield of peanut pods.

Pemberian Biochar Sekam Padi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Sawah Irigasi Teknis


 
 
 Rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food crop of almost all Indonesians. In line with the increase in population from year to year, the need for rice also continues to increase. Therefore, efforts to increase production must continue. On the other hand, the decline in land area due to the conversion of functions from agricultural land to non-agricultural land also causes reduced production. However, in several regions the government has also printed new rice fields, which are generally not on fertile land. Therefore, efforts to increase production through improved farming or intensification, such as the application of new technological developments, need to be done. The aim of this study was to obtain the best dose in administering rice husk biochar for growth and yield of technically irrigated rice fields (Oryza sativa L.). The research was carried out in the Rice Fields of Rawa Medang Village, Batang Asam District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province which lasted for 5 months, starting from December 26, 2019 to April 19, 2020. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RAK). Provision of rice husk biochar at several dose levels, namely p0 = without rice husk biochar (300 kg Urea + 100 kg KCl + 100 kg SP-36), p1 = 5 tons ha-1 rice husk biochar + 1⁄2 dose of urea + 1⁄2 dose of KCl + 1⁄2 dose SP-36, p2 = 10 tonnes ha-1 rice husk biochar + 1⁄2 dose of urea +1⁄2doseofKCl+1⁄2doseofSP-36,p3 =15tonnesofha-1 biocharofricehusk+1⁄2doseofurea+ 1⁄2doseofKCl+1⁄2doseofSP-36,p4 =20tonsha-1 ricehuskbiochar+1⁄2doseofurea+1⁄2doseof KCl+1⁄2doseofSP-36,p5 =25tonsha-1 ofricehuskbiochar+1⁄2doseofurea+1⁄2doseofKCl+1⁄2 dose of SP-36. The variables observed were plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, percentage of empty grain per panicle, dry grain yield and weight of 1000 grains of grain. The results showed that giving bochar of rice husk had an effect and could increase the growth and yield of rice plants. Provision of 5 tonnes of rice husk biochar ha-1 to 25 tonnes ha-1 increased the yield of the maximum number of tillers, the number of productive tillers, and the yield of milled dry unhulled rice. Provision of rice husk biochar 25 ton ha-1 gave the best effect on lowland rice plants.
 
 

The effect of potasium fertilizer doses on growth and yield of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum)

Red ginger has high prospects for export, the traditional medicine, food beverage industry and cooking spices. The many benefits of red ginger have caused an increase in market demand. Plants need potassium nutrients because it affects physiological processes and strengthen the tissue so need in large quantities. This study aimed to find out the optimum dose potassium fertilizer to the growth and yield of red ginger. This research by experiment was conducted on March - August 2021 at the University of Sebelas Maret experimental land in Jatiyoso with 7°43′24.7”S 111°05′31.2”E coordinates and the altitude is 800m.asl. The experiment design is Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) one factor with 4 levels. Each of level replicated 6 times, so there are 24 experimental units. The treatments levels are control, dose of KCl 50, 100, and 150kgha−1. The observational data was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) 5% and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. From this research it shows that the application of potassium fertilizer influenced the growth and yield of ginger. It could be seen from the tables presented in the manuscript that showed at least one treatment resulted in a significant difference of observed variables with other treatments.

Preliminary Mechanistic Study on the Trachea Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Tridax Procumbens in Male Wistar Rats.

ObjectivesAqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (ALETP) has potent relaxant activity. However, this relaxant activity in respiratory smooth muscle remains uninvestigated. This study investigates the effect of ALETP on the contractile activity of tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) in adult male Wistar rats.MethodsTwelve male Wistar rats divided into 2 groups and were treated with either 100 mg/kg of ALETP (ALETP treatment group) or vehicle (distilled water; control group) through oral gavage for 4 weeks. Dose responses of TSM from the 2 groups to acetylcholine (10–9 to 10–5 M), phenylephrine (10–9 to 10–5 M), and potassium chloride (KCl; 10–9 to 10–4 M) were determined cumulatively. Furthermore, cumulative dose responses to acetylcholine (10–9 to 10–5 M) after pre-incubation of TSM with atropine (10–5 M), L-NAME (10–4 M), indomethacin (10–4 M), and nifedipine (10–4 M), were determined.ResultsTreatment with ALETP substantially inhibited TSM contraction stimulated by cumulative doses of acetylcholine, phenylephrine, and KCl. Furthermore, preincubation of TSM from the 2 groups in atropine significantly inhibited contractility in TSM. Incubation in L-NAME and indomethacin also significantly inhibited contractility in TSM of ALETP-treated rats compared to that of controls. Contractile activity of the TSM was also inhibited significantly with incubation in nifedipine in ALETP-treated rats.ConclusionALETP enhanced relaxant activity in rat TSM primarily by blocking the L-type calcium channel and promoting endothelial nitric oxide release. ALETP contains agents that may be useful in disorders of the respiratory tract.

Characteristics of watermelon fruits under different fertilization management in semi-arid climate conditions / Características de frutos de melancia sob diferentes manejos de adubação em condições de clima semiárido

This study was conducted to evaluate the production and quality of watermelon fruits, submitted to different doses of potassium chloride (KCl) in fertigation and conventional fertilization systems. Talisman F1 was used as a plant material. It was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 2x4 split-plot scheme, with four replications. In the plots, the conventional and fertigation systems were tested and in the subplots the doses of KCl, equals: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of K2O were tested. Seventy days after planting, were determined: total number of fruits; average weight of total fruits; total fruit production; average number of commercial fruits; average weight of commercial fruits and commercial fruit production, as well the hydrogenic potential (pH), total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA) and TSS/TTA ratio. There was interaction between fertilization systems and K2O rates for commercial productivity with a linear increase under fertigation, which, in turn, increased TTA. 180 kg ha-1 of K2O in a conventional fertilization system, confirm possible metabolic changes not conducive to the cultivation and production of 'Talisman F1' watermelon. The fertilization system by fertigation represents an alternative for the cultivation of watermelon, considering the productivity and quality of fruits.

Chicken Manure and KCL Effect on Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn in Ultisol

Cultivation of sweet corn in Ultisols faces problems due to the poor quality of the soil. As a result, it is necessary to improve soil fertility through fertilization. Chicken manure can improve the fertility of Ultisol. However, it is a prolonged-release fertilizer, so it should be applied in conjunction with readily available fertilizers to plants, such as KCl. This study aimed to determine the effect of the dose of chicken manure and KCl on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The study was carried out between April and June 2019 in Medan Baru, Kandang Limun Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was the dose of chicken manure (20% moisture content), consisting of 3 levels, namely 0, 10, and 20 tons/ha. The second factor was the dose of KCl, which consists of 3 levels, namely 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha. The result indicated no interaction effect of chicken manure and KCl on sweet corn growth and yield. Likewise, sweet corn growth was affected by chicken manure. At a 10 t/ha dose, chicken manure increased plant height, shoot fresh and shoot dry weight. A 150 kg/ha of KCl resulted in higher plant height, shoot fresh weight, and unhusked cob weight than a 100 kg/ha.

Maternal metabolizable protein restriction during gestation affects the vascular function of maternal and fetal placental arteries in sheep

We hypothesized isocaloric diets low in protein would decrease the sensitivity of caruncular (CAR) and cotyledonary (COT) arteries compared to placental arteries from ewes receiving adequate metabolizable protein (MP) requirements. Pregnant ewes were fed one of three isocaloric dietary treatments that provided 60% (MP60), 80% (MP80), or 100% (MP100) of the MP requirements. Diets were fed from day 100–130 of gestation. In vitro dose response curves to bradykinin (BK), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), potassium chloride (KCl), and phenylephrine (PE) in CAR and COT arteries were performed. As MP decreased, the sensitivity to a low dose of KCl increased (P = 0.05) in the COT arteries. There was an overall treatment effect in the CAR and COT arteries for the BK dose response curve, where CAR arteries of MP80 ewes were more sensitive (P = 0.05) to BK compared with MP60 and MP100 ewes, and COT arteries of MP60 and MP80 ewes were more sensitive (P = 0.01) to BK compared with MP100 ewes. There were no treatment effects (P ≥ 0.09) on the SNP or PE dose response curves in CAR or COT arteries. The mechanism of the BK induced vasodilation needs to be elucidated. Moreover, MP restriction appears to alter placental vascular function, which could help explain the differences in nutrient flux previously reported.

Drought stress and K effects on contents of soil water and organic matter, CEC, exchangeable-K, yield and water productivity of sweet corn on Inceptisols

The research was conducted to study the effects of drought stress and K fertilizer on plant growth, contents of soil water (SWC) and organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), K-exchange, yield and water productivity of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) grown in Inceptisols. The research was conducted on a plastic house in a controlled culture experiment field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran using a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was the four percentages of drought stress (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%). The second factor was three levels of KCl dose (1, 1.25 and 1.50 times the recommended dose of 50 kg ha−1 KCl). The treatment combinations were repeated three times. The interaction between 20-40% drought stress and 1.50 times dose of KCl had a significant effect on stem diameter and independently this KCl dose affected the leaf numbers, but without drought stress. The treatment without drought stress resulted in highest plant height and leaf area index, while drought stress of 40-60% gave higher SOM and CEC, even in 60% drought stress showed a higher exchangeable K. The application of 1.25 times dose of KCl caused higher K-uptake, while the treatment of 40% drought stress gave higher water productivity.

Morphophysiological responses of <i>Hymenaea stigonocarpa</i> Mart. ex Hayne seedlings submitted to potassium fertilization

Hymenaea stigonocarpa is anarboreal medicinal species used in the recovery of degraded areas. However, little is known about its nutritional requirements during the seedling phase, especially concerning to potassium. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate if potassium doses promote morphophysiological changes in Hymenaea stigonocarpa seedlings.A completely randomized design, consisting in six KCl doses (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg dm-3KCl) and four replications was applied. Biometric, biomass, physiological and potassium content variables were assessed. Hymenaea stigonocarpa displayed significant physiological and biometric responses to potassium fertilization, with the highest values observed at doses ranging from 150 to 200 mg dm-3 KCl. Moreover, concentration effects were noted regarding to potassium contents in seedling leaves and stems.

Penularan Penyakit Layu Bakteri dan Hasil Kacang Tanah Lokal dengan Penambahan Dosis Bertingkat Pupuk K

Bacterial wilt R. solanacearum is one of the main diseases of peanuts that can reduce crop production. The use of local varieties and plant management can control bacterial wilt disease. Local varieties are one source of germplasm diversity for plant breeding activities. Management such as fertilization is expected to control pests and plant diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the performance of bacterial wilt disease and its effect on the yield of three local peanut varieties in West Nusa Tenggara with the addition of various doses of K fertilizer. The study was conducted at the Narmada Visitor Plot, on 17 January - 29 April 2017. The experiment used a split plot factorial design. The main plots were three varieties of local NTB peanuts, namely local peanuts North Lombok (KLU) (V1), local Bima (V2), and local Pelat (V3). Subplots are four levels of potassium (K) fertilizer dose, namely 0 kg KCl/ha (P1), 20 kg KCl/ha (P2), 40 kg KCl/ha (P3), and 60 kg KCl/ha (P4). Each treatment was repeated five block. The results showed that each local peanut varieties with doses of KCl fertilizer showed bacterial wilt resistance. The lowest transmission of bacterial wilt was in KLU local peanuts with a dose of 0 kg KCl/ha, 20 kg KCl/ha, and 40 kg KCl /ha, Bima at a dose of 40 kg KCl/ha and Pelat at a dose of 60 kg KCl/ha. The application of KCl fertilizer at a dose of 0 kg/ha to 60 kg/ha did not affect the yield and varieties of local peanuts had different weights of 100 seeds in response to the application of K fertilizer, local peanuts KLU and Pelat had the highest weights of 100 seeds at the KCl dose. 40 kg/ha while Bima at a dose of KCl 60 kg/ha.

Use of potassium chloride for low-residue euthanasia of anesthetized California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) with life-threatening injury or disease.

To demonstrate the efficacy of potassium chloride (KCl) for low-residue euthanasia of anesthetized pinnipeds in field settings for which carcass retrieval for disposal is not feasible. Stranded, free-ranging California sea lions (CSLs; Zalophus californianus; n = 17) and northern elephant seals (NESs; Mirounga angustirostris; 6) with life-threatening injury or disease between May and August 2020. Each animal was anesthetized and then received a lethal dose of KCl solution administered by IV or intracardiac injection. The effective KCl dose; durations to cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and pupil dilation; and presence or absence of agonal breaths, muscle fasciculations, or skeletal movements were recorded. Mean effective dose of KCl was 207.4 mg/kg (94.3 mg/lb) for the 17 CSLs and 209.1 mg/kg (95.0 mg/lb) for 5 of 6 NESs (1 outlier NES was excluded). The range in duration from the beginning of KCl injection to cardiac arrest was 0 to 6 minutes, to pupil dilation was 0 to 5 minutes, and to respiratory arrest was 0 to 5 minutes. Muscle fasciculations, skeletal movements, and agonal breaths were observed in both species during and after KCl administration. The use of KCl provides an effective, low-residue method of euthanasia in anesthetized CSLs and NESs. Our recommended dose for these species is 250 mg KCl/kg (113.6 mg KCl/lb) delivered by intracardiac injection. Compared with euthanasia by barbiturate overdose, the use of KCl reduces the potential for secondary intoxication of scavengers and is appropriate in field scenarios in which the carcass cannot be retrieved for disposal.

Dual role played by Ca 2+ in the cytotoxicity of human metastatic breast cancer cells

Introduction Cancer cells exhibit enhanced potential to metastasize via increased acto-myosin cross bridges formation which requires increased Ca2+ influx via cell surface voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) leading to activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). The MLCK then phosphorylates myosin and forms acto-myosin cross-bridges. The role of MLCK, and calcium channel in cancer cell growth has not been extensively tested. Objective In this study, we tested the individual effects of blocking VGCC and MLCK on MCF-7 cell (human metastatic breast cancer cell) survival. We also treated the cells with high KCl to induce increased Ca2+ influx and test if the effects of KCl will be opposite to that of VGCC blocker. Methods The experimental design of this study is primarily focused on the administration of specific inhibitors to MCF-7 cells with an interest in the dose-dependent response of the cells to varying concentrations of the treatments as well as a thorough comparison of the cell morphology, viability, and proliferation to the effects of the 1% BME control. The three drugs that have been investigated so far are Nifedipine, a voltage-gated calcium blocker, Nifedipine in the presence of KCl [in order to artificially depolarize the cell membrane to open the VGCC], and ML-7, a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor. The cell viability was then assessed through an MTT colorimetric assay at 562 nm in order to visually and quantitatively assess the results. Additionally, transfection studies are planned to be carried out to substantiate pharmacological findings of inhibitors. Results & Conclusion Nifedipine dose-dependently inhibited MCF-7 cell viability. Following were the % absorbance values with increasing doses of nifedipine. All values are relative to control without nifediine considered as 100%; [0.625 um Nif – 43.05%, 1.25 um Nif – 42.19%, 2.5 um Nif – 40.15%, 5 um Nif -39.53%, 10 um Nif – 38.19%, 20 um Nif – 25.1%, 40 um Nif – 22.96%, 1% BME –39.26%]. The 1% BME (bitter melon extract) is the positive control in our studies as our lab have found BME to be toxic to MCF-7 cells. ML-7 also dose-dependently inhibited MCF-7 cell viability. Following were the % absorbance values with increasing doses of ML-7. All values are relative to control without ML-7 considered as 100%; (0.5 um ML7- 70.01%, 1 um ML7 – 65.74%, 2 um ML7 – 57.71%, 4 um ML7 – 49.36%, 8 um ML7 – 48.28%, 16 um ML7 – 34.13%, 1% BME – 36.17%]. When we stimulated cells with increasing doses of KCl, increasing toxicity was seen as reflected by the decreasing absorbance values. We tested the effects of KCl in the presence or absence of nifedipine. Following were the % absorbance values with increasing doses of KCl and/or nifedipine. All values are relative to control (neither KCl nor nifedipine) considered as 100%; [40 mm KCl – 29.55%, 20 mm KCl – 44.024%, 10 mm KCl –56.51%, 40 um Nif – 22.81%, 40 mm KCl + 40 um Nif – 13.69%, 20 mm KCl + 40 um Nif –15.87%, 10 mm KCl + 40 um Nif – 30.91%, EtOH – 86.85%, 1% BME – 35.27%.]. Thus, either inhibiting Ca2+ influx with nifedipine or opening VGCC with high KCl both exerted cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells. This suggests that Ca2+ is critical for the viability of these cells but at the same time too much Ca2+ is toxic to the cells.

Effect of natural silica to alleviate salinity stress of tomatoes (Lycopersicum escullentum Mill.) on entisol

The aims of this research are to know the effect of silica fertilizer (Si), salt stress and their interactions on the agronomic characteristics of tomato plants on Entisol soil. The experiment employed factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 2 factors experiments i.e. level of conductivity, namely K0 = 0ds/m / pot, K1 = 1ds/m / pot, K2 = 2ds/m/pot, and K3 = 3ds/m/pot, and doses of Si fertilizer, namely S0 = 0g/pot, S1 = 5g/pot, S2 = 10g/pot, and S3 = 15 g/pot. There were 16 treatment combinations with 3 replications, in total 48 experimental unit were used. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, flowering age, number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit volume. The application of Si fertilizer increased the number of tomato flowers. Salinity stress reduced plant height and weight of tomatoes. The interaction of silica fertilizer (Si) and salt stress influences the number of leaves and the number of flowers. The highest number of leaves was at the dose of KCl 1 ds/m/plant and silica fertilizer 5 g/plant, while the highest number of flowers was at the dose of KCl 3 ds/m/plant and silica fertilizer 10 g/plant.

SUN-519 Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis

Background:Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare disorder associated most often with a genetic defect in electrolyte channels, which can also occur in the setting of thyrotoxicosis. The presenting state in the acquired form has a low potassium, low TSH, high free T4 or high T3. It is more common in men, and in the Asian population with an approximate incidence of 2%. Symptoms can last from hours to days and are often precipitated by stress, exercise, and/or high carbohydrate intake. It is believed that the excess thyroid hormone creates an increased catabolic state which drives potassium inward and hyperpolarizes the muscle membrane to create a paralytic state. Case:A 23 year old African American male presented with chest discomfort and palpitations. TSH was <0.01 μU/mL (normal 0.530 - 6.340) with a free T4 of 3.31 ng/dL (normal 0.60–1.60). EKG showed ventricular conduction delay and he was sent home on propranolol 20mg daily and methimazole 5mg three times daily. He returned 5 days later with worsening palpitations and now new onset weakness. He was found to have a potassium of 1.4 mmol/L (normal 3.5–5.1) and magnesium of 1.2 mg/dL (normal 1.6–2.5). EKG showed normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 97, prolonged QT at 524msec (normal 330–470 msec), with repeat EKG 20 minutes later showing atrial tachycardia with a rate of 114 (normal 60–100). He was not able to move anything beyond his head, other than minor upper extremity hand movements, and could not sit up in bed. His potassium was initially repleted with eight doses of 10mEq KCl given q1h. His paralysis significantly improved within the first 4hrs, and was completely resolved by the next morning. Additional lab workup revealed thyroid stimulating antibody level of 13.00% (normal 0.0–0.55). He was discharged on methimazole 10mg twice daily and propranolol 10mg twice daily with instruction to follow up closely with his primary care physician and endocrinology. Conclusion:This patient presented with acute onset of weakness and palpitations in the setting of hyperthyroidism from Graves’ disease and hypokalemia consistent with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. The physiology behind the presentation is not clear, but the current hypothesis is that depolarization of the neuromuscular junction leads to a tonic state from hyper-polarization. Thyroid hormone increases the metabolic demand, which along with an increase in sympathetic tone drives the sodium-potassium ATPase activity into overdrive, thus decreasing extracellular potassium. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is rare presentation, but should be considered for any patient that presents potassium abnormalities and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.

PRODUCTION OF Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis SEEDLINGS WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS

Mineral fertilization is an important practice that contributes to the production of seedlings with satisfactory quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of potassium chloride (KCl) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on growth and nutrition of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. The experiment was conducted in full sun, with direct sowing in tubes containing composite substrate (Pinus bark, coconut fiber, bovine manure and vermiculite). The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five doses of KCl (0.0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, and 0.200 g seedling-1) and two doses of MAP (0 and 0.10g seedling-1), with four replicates. At 120 days, the effect of the interaction between the KCl and MAP doses was verified for the variables: diameter at root collar, dry mass of the aerial part (DMAP) and total (TDM), Dickson Quality Index, N content, P K in the aerial part, K content in the roots, absorption efficiency (AE) of N and P. For the variables: height (H); leaf area; root dry mass (RDM); H/DRC and DMPA/RDM ratios; and N and P content in the roots, only effect of the application of MAP is observed, whereas for AE_K the effect was only of KCl. Thus, there is variation in the effect of KCl doses as a function of morphological and nutritional variables evaluated. In general, the best seedling growth and nutrition occurs with the applied dose of 0.100 g KCl + 0.10 g MAP seedling -1.

Effect of Trenches with Organic Matter and KCl Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Upland Rice in Eucalyptus Agroforestry System

Rice production can be improved through extensification using sub-optimal lands. One type of land that can be used for extensification of rice production in D.I. Yogyakarta is eucalyptus agroforestry system in Playen, Gunung Kidul. Besides expanding the land use, it can also increase farmers’ income and ecological functions. However, this system has limiting factors such as the limited availability of water, which only relies on rain. Thus, proper water management and fertilization are necessary to fulfill water and nutrient requirements for rice growth. This study aimed to determine the effects of the application of trenches with organic matter and the doses of KCl on the growth and yield of upland rice (Situ Patenggang) in eucalyptus agroforestry systems. The study was conducted at the Menggoran Forest Management Resort, Bleberan, Playen, Gunung Kidul in March-August 2018. The study was arranged in a split-plot design with three blocks as replications. The first factor was the application of trenches with organic matter, while the second factor was KCl fertilizer at. various doses. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the level of 5%. The optimal dose of KCl fertilizer was determined by regression. The results showed that both factors had a positive effect on soil moisture content, growth, physiology, and yields of upland rice. The treatments significantly increased the availability of water in the soil, thereby supporting the growth and yield of upland rice.