Karanja Oil Methyl Ester Research Articles

Performance enhancement of diesel engine using Karanja oil methyl ester as a fuel blend with diesel by variable injector nozzle hole

Diesel engines may run on biodiesel, a sustainable fuel that can be made from a variety of feedstocks using various alcohols and catalysts. The type of alcohol has a direct impact on the biodiesel’s fuel qualities. Variations in fuel qualities can lead to variations in diesel engine performance, combustion, and injection characteristics. Using blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% with Karanja oil and regular diesel fuel separately, experimental tests were conducted to assess the performance and emissions of a direct injection, water-cooled Kirloskar diesel engine at 1500 rpm with variable load. The 3-hole and 5-hole fuel injectors are the subjects of this investigation. Because Karanja methyl esters (KME) have a lower calorific value than diesel, their value increases with the proportion of KME in the mix. For a 20% blend, this means that brake-specific fuel consumption increases. As the amount of KME in the gasoline increases, the brake thermal efficiency falls. At a 20% mix, Brake thermal efficiency is almost identical to diesel fuel. For all blends, CO and HC emissions rise with load and fall with the fraction of KME in the mix. For every combination of KME, the density of smoke rises as the load increases. Smoke density falls as the fraction of mixes containing KME rises. It has been observed that when nozzle holes are increased from three to five, brake thermal efficiency rises with load. When comparing a 5-hole to a 3-hole with load, the Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) will fall. Nozzles have an influence on emissions in that as nozzle holes grow, so do CO, HC, and smoke opacity. According to the findings, a 20% KME blend for a 5-hole fuel injector nozzle is a good substitute for diesel.

Study on exhaust gas recirculation diesel engine using karanja oil methyl ester with low heat rejection in direct injection

Energy is a fundamental necessity for man›s life in the digital world today. The rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources forces rigorous alternative fuel analysis. Petroleum diesel can better replace vegetable oils, edible or motored today. The rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources forces rigorous alternative fuel analysis. Petroleum diesel can better replace vegetable oils, edible or not. Karanja may be a possible supplier of diesel fuel for non-edible oil substitution. Current combustion surfaces for pistons, valves, and cylinders have been filled with ceramic materials, which make the engine totally adiabatic (LHR). The performance of a biodiesel-powered compressing ignition (CI) engine may be further boosted by utilising the engine›s heat effectively and increasing thermal efficiency. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is actually one of the most important methods of limiting NOx emissions in internal combustion engines. Explore the output with and without exhaust gas recirculation on a retarded timing engine with diesel and karanja oil methyl ester (KOME). The LHR with a retarded timing engine yielded improved thermal brake efficiency (TBE), decreased HC, smoke, and CO emissions, while increasing KOME›s NOx in comparison with an uncoated engine. As the EGR rate grew, NOx and BTE were reduced marginally with increased HC, CO, and smoke. 24.1 g/kw-hour CO, 10.1 g/kw-hour NOx, and 0.55 g/kW-hour HC were registered at 20 percent of EGR.

Experimental investigation on the effect of injection timing and injection duration of low reactive fuels on RCCI mode of combustion operated with plastic pyrolysis oil

The goal study is to investigate the effect of low reactive fuels (LRFs) injection timing and duration of injection on a reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine. The diesel, mixtures of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME), plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) and ethanol are used as LRFs. The examined LRFs have the injection timings (ITs) of 40°ATDC, 45°ATDC, and 50°ATDC. Additionally, the influence of different LRFs injection durations (IDs) of 3, 6, and 9 ms, on the RCCI mode of combustion is included in the present work. The entire experimental process is performed at 75% of the rated power. According to the findings, at IT of 45°ATDC and ID of 6 ms, the Diesel-Gasoline mixture has the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of all the ITs and IDs examined. Nitric oxide (NOx) emissions are higher for all ITs and IDs but smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are lower for the Diesel-Gasoline mixture compared to other fuel mixtures. Diesel-Gasoline produces a greater peak pressure rise (PPR) compared to other test samples at all ITs and IDs.

Sulphonic-acid functionalized novel Limonia acidissima carbonaceous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from Millettia pinnata oil: Optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics and cost analysis

In order to overcome the current fuel crisis affecting transportation, expanding environmental pollution challenges, and depletion of natural oil resources, a sustainable alternative to petroleum fuels must be developed. Biodiesel has been accepted as a promising substitute for petro-fuels in many countries because it can fulfill the requirements of the transportation industry. The present research introduces biodiesel production from Millettia pinnata (Karanja) oil utilizing waste wood apple (Limonia acidissima) shell in deriving carbonaceous catalysts in view of waste valorization for green energy generation towards alleviation of its ever-growing demand. The feedstock had a high free fatty acid (FFA) concentration based on proximate analysis, which indicated that an acid catalyst was required for fuel production. Analysis of the prepared catalyst was done by SEM, EDAX, FTIR, XRD, and BET. The optimization of esterification was performed with the RSM central composite design (CCD) experimental matrix, while the reaction time was 1.5 h at 55°C with 4 wt. % catalyst under 650 rpm and 50% w/w alcohol concentration. The actual yield was reported to be 98.95% under ideal conditions. The fuel characterization revealed that KOME (Karanja oil methyl ester) possesses physico-chemical characteristics suitable for biodiesel as per ASTM standards. Kinetic studies showed that the esterification follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 62.61 kJ mol −1. The thermodynamic study confirmed that the acid-catalyzed esterification reaction is endothermic and non-spontaneous. The production cost of catalyst per kg of biodiesel was estimated to be $0.1649.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF LOW HEAT REJECTION WITH RETARDED INJECTION TIMING ON DIESEL ENGINE USING KARANJA OIL METHYL ESTER

Rising demand for fuel will now pose a significant risk for global pollution levels in various applications. The biodiesel of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME), an alternative to diesel fuel, is a potential source of unspent fuel in India. Karanja oil contains fatty acid esters, which are environmentally friendly fuel. This experiment aimed to research low heat rejection using Karanja oil methyl ester with retarded injection timing diesel-fueled. The piston, cylinder walls, and engine valves were coated with a 0.5 mm thickness of partially stabilized zirconium (PSZ) without affecting the engine compression ratio. Experiments in the engine with and without coating were carried out using Karanja oil methyl ester. The results showed that Karanja oil methyl ester's specific fuel consumption a retarded timing (RT) with coated engine decreased by 7.4 percent and the brake thermal efficiency improved by 5.5 percent compared to the conventional engine with diesel fuel. CO and UBHC emissions on the LHR with RT engine are lower, whereas the zirconia coating has increased NOx emissions.

Effect of diesel engine modification operated with karanja biodiesel and its blends

• Increased biodiesel blends, such as B30 and B40, result in decreased engine performance (BTE) and higher smoke, HC and NOx emissions. • The B20 blend is an appealing alternative because it enhances engine performance while lowering emissions. • The country’s economy benefits from the substitution of fossil fuels for indigenous renewable and alternative fuels. • This alternative is more realistic because there are abundant resources of non-edible oil seeds for biodiesel preparation and biodiesel production costs are becoming more affordable. Growing attention in studying renewable and alternate fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines has been increased by concerns about improving engine performance while reducing emissions to satisfy EURO standards and to fulfil increasing energy demands for a growing population. Biodiesels are a possible replacement to diesel fuel since, they are renewable and have qualities similar to fossil diesel. For diesel engines, biodiesel generated from Karanja oil is a better diesel substitute. The use of alternative fuels in a CI (Compression ignition) engine reduces performance while also increasing hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) pollutants. However, making the engine entirely adiabatic by combining biodiesel with diesel and applying thermal barrier coatings (TBC) to the piston, cylinder wall, and inlet and outlet valves will improve overall engine performance. In light of this, TBC diesel engine components coated with partly stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) ceramics were tested in a diesel engine using Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) and its mixtures. Both diesel and KOME and its blends had their brake thermal efficiency (BTE) emissions measured before and after coating, and the obtained results were matched. Engine performance is nearly comparable with acceptable emission requirements while using B20 powered biodiesel and a PSZ coated engine. Among the biodiesels tested, the maximum BTE was recorded with diesel which was 2.79%, 5.89%, 7.75%, 9.64% and 14.03% greater than B10, B20, B30, B40 and B100 fuel blends. From various fuels tested, the minimum smoke emissions were recorded with diesel which was 6.06%, 12.9%, 20.68%, 29.62% and 39.88% lower than B10, B20, B30, B40 and B100 fuel blends.

An experimental investigation on ceramic coating with retarded injection timing on diesel engine using Karanja oil methyl ester

Rising demand for fuel will now pose a major risk for global pollution levels in various applications. The biodiesel of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME), an alternative to diesel fuel, is a potential source of unspent fuel in India. The goal of this experiment was to research low-heat rejection using Karanja oil methyl ester with retarded injection timing diesel-fuelled. With 0.5 mm thickness of partial stabilised zirconium (PSZ), the piston, cylinder walls and engine valves were coated without affecting the engine compression ratio. Experiments in the engine with and without coating were carried out using diesel or Karanja oil methyl ester. The results showed that the specific fuel consumption for Karanja oil methyl ester with a retarded timing-reduced engine decreased by 7.4% and the brake thermal efficiency improved by 5.5% compared to the conventional engine with nice diesel fuel.

CFD analysis of karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) blend B20 and hydrogen using ANSYS-Fluent

Combustion and emission characteristics are plays an important role in diesel engines, which have higher combustion efficiency meets the stringent emission norms. Combustion is a very complex phenomenon, which cannot be analyzed easily with analytical method or different visualization technique. Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) has becoming useful tool in understanding the fluid dynamics of IC Engines for design purposes. In the current study, CFD code is used to perform 3D simulation of mixture formation, combustion and emissions of K20 and K20 with hydrogen fuels simulated by applying the ANSYS-FLUENT non-premixed k-ε RNG model with combustion chamber moving mesh. The parameters like Pressure, Temperature, Parcel diameter, CO, CO2 and NOx generated inside the combustion chamber is compared with K0. The variation in the combustion behavior is find when the fuel is used likeK0, K20 and K20 with hydrogen. Finally, the emission results of simulation are validated with experimental results. The variations of CFD and experimental results ofemissions are find acceptable.

Impact of additive ethylene glycol diacetate on diesel engine working with jatropha-karanja dual biodiesel

The present study investigates ethylene glycol diacetate as a prospective oxygenated additive for jatropha-karanja dual blended biodiesel for enhanced engine characteristics of a diesel engine. The experiments have been conducted at constant speed of 1500 rpm on a variable compression ratio diesel engine working with biodiesel having 10–30% of Jatropha and karanja oil methyl ester and 1–3% of additive. The brake thermal efficiency increased by 3.6–4.2% while the brake specific fuel consumption reduced by 0.08–0.24 kg/kWh for fuel blends by adding 3% additive. The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions reduced by a maximum of 7 ppm and 0.02% respectively with slight increase in nitrogen oxide over entire range of fuel blends. The peak cylinder pressure attained 53.2 bar with maximum heat release rate 63.7 J/oCA by addition of 3% additive. Thus, the ethylene glycol diacetate can be adopted as a suitable additive for jatropha-karanja blend dual biodiesel to achieve improved engine characteristics of diesel engines.

Engine durability and lubricating oil tribology study of a biodiesel fuelled common rail direct injection medium-duty transportation diesel engine

Biodiesel has emerged as a viable alternative to mineral diesel in the transport sector to replace fossil fuels partially. However, long-term compatibility with engine hardware must be evaluated to ensure a smooth transition. Long-term material compatibility studies of Karanja oil methyl ester (biodiesel) blends with the hardware of a modern common rail direct injection system equipped diesel engine used in sports utility vehicles have been carried out in this investigation. A long-term endurance test was carried out in two phases, each lasting 274 h and utilizing (i) baseline mineral diesel and (ii) a 20% v/v Karanja biodiesel blended with mineral diesel (KB20). After completing the first phase, the engine was dismantled, and essential engine components were investigated for carbon deposits and physical wear using several techniques. Before proceeding with the next phase of the endurance test KB20, new engine components were installed in the engine, and then the test was executed. The KB20-fuelled engine exhibited lower wear on the valves and crankpins but higher wear of liners, piston rings, pistons, gudgeon pin, small and big end bearings of the connecting rod, and the main bearings. Fuel chemistry affected the lubricating oil efficacy and its residual useful life. Lubricating oil from the KB20-fuelled engine exhibited a higher increase in density and ash content. KB20 fuelled engine's lubricating oil underwent higher oxidation and polymerization. The surface roughness characteristics of the cylinder liner were measured before and after the endurance test for comparative wear evaluation during both phases of the endurance test. Carbon deposits on the cylinder head, piston top, and injectors were compared, and the pistons of the KB20 fuelled engine exhibited higher carbonaceous deposits. Biodiesel blends harmed the CRDI engine's fuel injection system. Biodiesel harms the fuel injection equipment (FIE) of the CRDI engine. Various tribological tests were performed on the lubricating oil samples collected regularly to examine the compatibility of KB20 vis-à-vis mineral diesel. This series of tribological tests on the lubricating oil samples assessed the effect of fuel chemistry on the lubricating oil's performance and residual useful life. Tests included variations in lubricant density, viscosity, flash point temperature, moisture content, pentane and toluene insoluble, and copper corrosion with time. The study summarily concluded that Biodiesel blends could be utilized in a CRDI engine without causing major engine durability or lubricating oil degradation issues.

Production and optimization from Karanja oil by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and response surface methodology with modified domestic microwave

In this study, Karanja oil was investigated under different operating conditions such as Methanol: oil molar ratio, catalyst, Volume, and time with microwave power to produce the biodiesel. Four factors with three levels Box-Behnken response surface design (BBD) was used to optimize and investigate the effect of process variables on the biodiesel production. ANFIS tool was adopted for modelling and prediction. RSM and ANFIS models describe correlation coefficient of 0.85 and 0.95 respectively. The physico-chemical properties of Karanja oil methyl ester are characterized out using standard methods.

Clean Karanja methyl ester compatibility study on long term tribological behavior of a compression ignition engine

The present work aims at investigating the lubricating oil degradation through long term durability study of compression ignition engine. A comparative assessment has been carried out for the operation of diesel and Karanja oil methyl ester as per IS 10,000 standards in two phases. In both the phases, the newly modified compression ignition engine has been operated for 256 h in 16 cycles of 16 h duration in each cycle. The lubricating oil samples have been collected at regular interval of 48 h of operation in both the phases and various physical properties of lubricating oil were tested in order to analyze the diesel engine life. Furthermore, the wear debris of all engine components was also estimated using Inductive Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry during this tribological study. The results showed that total base number, kinematic viscosity and flash point of lube oil were perceived to be lesser in Karanja B100 operated engine. On the other hand, the pentane-benzene insolubles, density, moisture and ash content are observed to be higher in Karanja B100 operated engine than that of diesel operated engine. The concentration of wear elements was found to be higher in the lube oil samples which have been drained from Karanja B100 operated engine as that of diesel operated engine. The various parameters with respect to the surface profiles of the cylinder liners were recorded and compared in order to quantify the amount of wear for the cylinder liners of both engines. The percentage of weight loss piston rings is found to be higher in Karanja B100 operated engine.

Effect of reformulated fuel strategy on compression ignition engine compatibility using antioxidant additive and clean Karanja methyl ester

The present work aims at investigating the compatibility of antioxidant with biodiesel through the tribological assessment of a compression ignition engine. In this research work, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, a novel antioxidant, has been blended with clean Karanja oil methyl ester at the rate of 500 ppm. The compression ignition engine has been operated for 256 h of long-term durability tests in two different phases using clean Karanja biodiesel (KBD100) and 500 ppm antioxidant-blended clean Karanja biodiesel (KBD100@E). The study revealed that the compression ignition engine operated with KBD100@E fuel has exhibited low lubricating oil degradation when compared to clean Karanja biodiesel at same 256 h of operation. The long-term endurance test also showed that the kinematic viscosity, flash point and total base number of lubricating oil collected from KBD100@E-fueled engine were observed to lower than KPD100-fueled engine. Similarly, the wear metal concentrations were higher in lubricating oil of KPD100-fueled engine than that of antioxidant-added KBD fuel and diesel fuels. Furthermore, the surface roughness results also showed that the cylinder liner surface of KPD100-fueled engine was more smoothened compared to KBD100@E-fueled engine. The wear of piston rings was also noted to be more severe for KBD100-fueled engine when compared to diesel and KPD100@E-fueled engines. Finally, it has been concluded that the compression ignition engine life can be improved by the addition of antioxidant with biodiesel fuel.

Combustion, performance and emission analysis of preheated KOME biodiesel as an alternate fuel for a diesel engine

In the present work, karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) biodiesel is used in a compression ignition engine to find an alternative to diesel. The use of biodiesel in a CI engine leads to poor performance and high brake specific fuel consumption due to the higher viscosity and lower calorific value of biodiesel. This problem can be reduced by increasing the injection temperature of biodiesel or its blends to a certain temperature. In this study, working fuel is tested at preheating temperatures of 95 °C for various loading conditions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Effect of different KOME biodiesel–diesel blends (B0, B30, B50 and B100) on engine performance, combustion and emissions is studied at different loads. At higher temperature, the viscosity of the fuel decreases which leads to better combustion, improves the atomization as well as vaporization of fuel in a diesel engine, resulting in higher engine performance and lower emissions of CO and HC, with slight increment in NOX and CO2 emission compared to unheated neat diesel and biodiesel blends. The result shows that for 100% biodiesel (B100) at full load, BTE is improved by 9.1% compared to unheated case. Preheating of B100 fuel upto 95 °C at full load decreases the BSFC, CO and HC emission by 6.5%, 8.1% and 10.6%, respectively, compared to unheated case.

Application of biodiesel for 12-cylinder, supercharged military combat vehicle

During wartime and disaster management military logistics such as combat vehicles, heavy-duty trucks must be capable of any transportation fuel available in forward area. In present work potential use of biodiesel derived from Karanja and Jatropha oil was investigated for a heavy-duty military vehicle. Performance and emissions of 12 cylinders, supercharged diesel engine was evaluated using JP-8, Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME) and Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester (JOME) and compared with baseline standard diesel at variable speed range. Engine performance was slightly reduced with KOME and JOME. However from emission point of view, both the biodiesels contributed to reduction in CO and HC emissions as well as smoke opacity, with penalty in NO x emissions. Reduction in exhaust sound was seen for biodiesel fuels which is of upmost important during wartime. Thus, biodiesels can be used for military combat vehicles without any modifications in existing engine configurations.

Diesel Engine Performance with Karanja Biodiesel Oil by Using TOPSIS Method

Increasing the demand for energy dramatically because due to rapidly increasing the development of industries, expanding the urbanization, the economic growth and rising of the population in the world. To fulfill the demand of energy, a large amount of alternative source is widely used from different fossil fuel in internal combustion (IC) engine sector. In IC engine fuel technology, alternative fuel blend assessment is imperative to consider the choice including the choices of adjusting inside various criteria and feelings from various chief of IC engine specialists. This paper depicts the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) strategies for the determination of an ideal blend of Karanja oil methyl ester with diesel in the compression engine (CI) engine. So as to scan for the ideal procedure, by an application of TOPSIS (technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution) techniques had been applied for solving multiple responses of the optimization problem. A productive examination of the procedure and positioning of choices can be accomplished for enhancement blends choice through TOPSIS techniques. It was seen that a mix B75 was the most appropriate use in CI engine without fundamentally by influencing the emission and performance.

Investigations on the tribological compatibility of a CI engine fuel injector material with various biodiesel blends

Abstract Fuel injector needle valve in an internal combustion engine is subjected to wear during its working over a period of time. Wear of the needle seat and needle surface is depended on the lubricity of the fuel. Wear caused to any of these surfaces will affect the performance of the engine. In the present work, the friction and wear behaviour of the needle material was studied on a reciprocating wear tester when lubricated with various blends of Karanja oil methyl ester with diesel. A high frequency reciprocating wear tester with a ball on flat geometry was used for the study. Coefficient of friction and cumulative wear depth obtained with various blends were compared. Wear scars on the ball surface and wear tracks on the flat samples were analysed. It was observed that the coefficients of friction as well as wear depth were found to be minimum when 100 % methyl ester was used

Clean and efficient production of biodiesel using barium cerate as a heterogeneous catalyst for the biodiesel production; kinetics and thermodynamic study

Abstract Barium cerate, a novel solid base catalyst was employed in transesterification reaction for biodiesel production. The catalyst was characterized by Thermogravimetric analyses, powder X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy attached with energy dispersive unit, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Karanja oil was used as non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production. The fatty acid profile of feedstock was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In the present study, calcination temperature was optimized for synthesis of perovskite barium cerate with highest phase purity. Additionally, various Ba/Ce stoichiometric ratios were also checked to evaluate the active metal phase of catalyst. Ultimately, perovskite structure with 1:1 Ba/Ce was found to be most efficient one to catalyze the transesterification. This owed to the higher basicity value as well as compact and well-arranged perovskite crystal system which facilitate the catalysis on its surface. It produced the karanja oil methyl ester with 98.4% conversion at following experimental conditions: catalyst dose (1.2 wt %), oil to methanol molar ratio (1:19), reaction temperature (65 °C), reaction time (100min), and agitation speed (600 rpm). The pseudo-first order kinetic model was also successfully established for transesterification reaction. Green chemistry metrics (E-factor) and turn over frequency were also evaluated for methanolysis reaction. Barium cerate exhibited sixth cycle reusability with 81% methyl ester conversion. Therefore the prepared catalyst was ascertained as a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification reaction. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized karanja oil methyl ester were measured according to ASTM D 6751 and were found to be within the permissible range. It ensured the compatibility of produced biodiesel with existing CI engines without any further modification.

Friction and wear behavior of karanja oil derived biolubricant base oil

This work deals with the tribological performance of karanja oil trimethylolpropane ester (KOTMPE) biolubricant base oil for its probable application as automotive lubricant. The biolubricant was synthesized by transesterification of karanja oil methyl ester with trimethylolpropane (TMP) under acid catalyst. The study was made with Ducom TR30L four-ball tester at 1200 rev min−1 speed and 75 °C temperature over 60 min duration under normal loads of 15 kg and 40 kg as per ASTM D 4172-94 A and B standard test method. Principal results at two loads are given here: Coefficient of friction (CoF) 0.100 and 0.042, wear scar diameter (WSD) 0.30 mm and 0.44 mm, flash temperature parameter (FTP) 80.932 and 126.249, and thermal energy (TE) 0.054 J and 0.060 J, respectively. The study found that KOTMPE has lowest CoF than any vegetable oil, TMP ester or commercial lubricant. Similarly, the WSD was lowest among all the vegetable oil based lubricants and was at par with SAE 20W-50 and SAE 40 commercial lubricants. FTP was better compared to any vegetable oil or TMP ester. Finally, the energy efficiency of KOTMPE was better than that of other vegetable oils, TMP esters and mineral lubricants. The synthesized ester demonstrated the outstanding performance in terms of friction and wear characteristics along with high thermal stability and energy efficiency worthy of comparison with multiple lubricating products reported by different research groups in available literature during last two decades.

Comparative analysis of various methods to reduce CO2 emission in a biodiesel fueled CI engine

The main aim of this experimental work is to reduce engine-out carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of CI engine fuelled with Karanja oil methyl ester (K100). K100 emitted higher NO and CO2 and lower smoke in comparison to diesel as a result of high fuel borne carbon and oxygen. Various techniques namely 1. Low-carbon biofuel blending 2. Post-combustion carbon capture system (PCCCS) 3. Oxygenate blending 4. Pre-combustion treatment system was adopted to reduce CO2 emission. Equal volume blending of low-carbon biofuels namely eucalyptus oil (EU), camphor oil (CMO), pine oil (PO) and Orange oil (ORG) with K100 reduces CO2 emission. K50-O50 blend emitted minimum CO2, about 27% less in comparison to K100. PCCCS with zeolite, activated carbon and liquid mono ethanolamine (MEA) injection with K50-O50 reduced CO2 emission further. CO2 emission for K50-O50 + zeolite is 13.5% less in comparison to K50-O50 at maximum load. CO2 is further reduced with oxygenate blending. Oxygenates namely methanol (M), ethanol (E), n-butanol (B), n-pentanol (P) and acetone (A) were blended 20% by volume (based on the knock limit) with K50-O50 and tested along with zeolite based PCCCS. Among the oxygenates, methanol blending with K50-O50 with ZPCCCS lessened CO2 emission by 65% in comparison to K100. Magnetic fuel reforming system based pre-combustion treatment system reduced CO2 emission further. The combination of all the techniques emitted 68.5% less CO2 in comparison to K100 at maximum load. The effect of the techniques on other emission and performance parameters were also discussed in detail.