KAP Study Research Articles

An Assessment of KAP Towards LTBI in Under-5 Children among Physicians Treating Adult/Adolescent TB Patients in Dhaka City

<i>Introduction:</i> LTBI is the precursor to TB, making early detection and treatment of infected children vital to preventing pediatric morbidity and mortality. This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians treating adult and adolescent TB patients in managing LTBI among under-5 children in Dhaka. <i>Aim of the study:</i> The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of physicians treating adult and adolescent tuberculosis patients in Dhaka City regarding the diagnosis and management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in under-5 children. <i>Methods: </i>This six-month cross-sectional, semi-qualitative study was conducted from January to June 2020 at the Department of Paediatrics in five Dhaka hospitals, involving 50 physicians treating adult and adolescent TB patients. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, with consent obtained, and qualitative responses categorized and scored using SPSS Version 25.0. <i>Result: </i>Among 50 physicians, most were aged 30-39, and 62% had recent TB training. Knowledge of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was limited, with only 14% accurately defining it, while 88% acknowledged isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) availability. Only 12% inquired about family members of pulmonary TB patients, and 10% asked about under-five children. A significant 80% had no involvement in managing LTBI in children, with just 6% prescribing IPT. Additionally, 84% believed IPT could cause drug resistance, and those with recent training scored higher in knowledge. <i>Conclusion: </i>This KAP study identifies key barriers to LTBI tracing and IPT/TPT implementation in children under five, emphasizing the need for structured training to enhance physician practices.

Barriers and Facilitators to Cervical Cancer vaccination Among Young Females in Chennai: A Cross-Sectional KAP Study

Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papilloma virus (HPV). It is one of the most common cancers in women, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While most HPV infections resolve naturally, some persist and can lead to cervical cancer over time. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of young women in Chennai regarding cervical cancer, screening, and prevention, and to identify barriers and facilitators influencing participation in screening programs. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2024 among 222 young females, aged 13 and above.. A semi-structured questionnaire assessed their KAP towards cervical cancer. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Bloom’s taxonomy was applied to categorize knowledge and attitude. Chi-square tests were used to determine statistical significance, with a p-value < 0.05. Results: Although 78.2% of participants were aware of cervical cancer, knowledge of preventive measures was low—only 25.2% knew about the HPV vaccine, and 44% understood the correct Pap test frequency. Attitudes toward screening were mostly positive, with 73.2% agreeing that free screening reduces cervical cancer risk. However, actual preventive practices were limited—only 9% had undergone a Pap smear, and 10% had received the HPV vaccine. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in KAP between groups (p > 0.05), except for medical students, who demonstrated significantly higher knowledge levels. Conclusion: Despite positive attitudes toward cervical cancer screening, there were notable gaps in knowledge and preventive practices among young women in Chennai. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions, particularly on HPV vaccination and routine screening, to bridge these gaps.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of endoscopy among gastroenterologists in diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe aim was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of endoscopy among gastroenterologists in the diagnosis and management of IBD in China.MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional KAP study was performed. The questionnaire was developed and improved using feedback and opinions from a team of experienced IBD specialist professors and then distributed and collected online. In addition, eight fellow gastroenterologists participated in an IBD endoscopy training program were asked to review endoscopic images, and the consistency of the endoscopic scores before and after training was calculated.ResultsA total of 193 participants from 12 provincial-level administrative regions encompassing both the Northern and Southern parts of China completed the study questionnaire. The median age of the participants was 40 (36, 45) years, with the majority being female (70.5%). The median professional experience as gastroenterologists was 11 (7, 17) years, while the median experience as endoscopists was 8 (3, 15) years. The median knowledge score was 8 out of 10 points for single-choice questions; however, most gastroenterologists believed that some concepts in these endoscopic indices were vague, including those regarding deep ulcerations, ulcerated surfaces, affected surfaces and narrowing in open-answer questions. The UCEIS and SES-CD were considered most consistent with clinical activity score in the evaluation of UC and CD, respectively. IBD subspecialists and gastroenterologists who had previously received IBD endoscopy screening training were more likely to use endoscopic indices (p<0.001, p = 0.029, respectively). The Rutgeerts score demonstrated the most significant improvement in consistency before and after training, from 0.407 (95% CI: 0.025–0.999) to 0.909 (95% CI: 0.530–1.000).ConclusionsWe propose the elucidation of ambiguous definitions in endoscopic indices, enhancement of training, and the application of innovative technology to enhance the application of endoscopic evaluation and endoscopic indices in clinical practice.

Blood Donation awareness and implementation among Undergraduate Medical Students of Sindh, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the knowledge and practice of blood donation among undergraduate students.Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro Pakistan from September 2021 to December 2021. A convenient sampling technique was applied for collection of sample comprised of undergraduate medical students of all disciplines and batches. All the participants were interviewed by using a validated questionnaire. The analysis was carried out with SPSS 22.0.Results: Out of 374 respondents, 324 (86.6%) complied with the inclusion criteria. All 324 (86.6%) were non-blood donors; although majority is familiar with necessity of blood donation for the community. Among total population115 (35.5%) had no specific reason as their primary barrier towards blood donation, followed by 96 (29.6%) health-related issues. However, the most common motivation for 156 (48.1%) was approved certifications.Conclusion: Medical students were revealed to have an excellent primary understanding of blood donation. It is necessary to organize blood donation camps on university campuses and increase help calls. Keywords: Blood donation; KAP Study; Knowledge; Practice; Undergraduate students.

Biomedical waste management among healthcare workers in a Primary Health Centre in Sikkim, India—A KAP study

BACKGROUND: “Biomedical waste (BMW) is the waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biologicals” (Management and Handling Rules, 1998 of India). As it is a source of dangerous diseases, the handlers need to have adequate knowledge about the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of biomedical waste management among healthcare workers in a Primary Health Centre and tested the association between KAP and selected variables. For this study, one PHC among six in Sikkim was purposively selected and all health providers attached with the PHC were assessed for KAP toward BMW Management. Data was summarized using SPSS version 27. Pearson’s Chi-square test (or Fisher’s exact test) was applied to find the association between KAP and selected variables (P &lt; 0.05 was considered significant). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the significant variables. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants ranged from 36.42 ± 8.983 years. 66%, 66%, and 60% of healthcare workers had adequate knowledge scores, favorable attitude scores, and good practice scores in BMWM, respectively. CONCLUSION: A knowledge gap was observed among the supportive medical staff as there was a lack of formal training in BMWM. Training of not only medical officers but also for waste handlers should be conducted at the time of appointment as well as refresher trainings should be done for the overall health and safety of all waste handlers.

Roadmap to Success: Illustrating Insights from a KAP Study on Cervical Cancer Prevention and HPV Vaccination

Introduction Cervical cancer is a public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, with India ranking among the highest in cervical cancer burden. The World Health Organization (has set ambitious targets for cervical cancer elimination by 2030, emphasizing the importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening. In response, the National Technical Advisory Group of Immunization recommends the introduction of HPV vaccination for all eligible girls aged 9 to 14 years in India under the Universal Immunization Program. However, successful implementation requires both vaccine availability and changes in health care providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding cervical cancer prevention and HPV vaccination. Methodology This study aims to assess KAP among clinicians regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccination. A cross-sectional survey collected responses from 451 practicing gynecologists and medical practitioners across 15 states of India. The questionnaire sought insights into patient inquiries, information sources, awareness levels, methods of patient education, and common myths and misconceptions. Results Results indicate a high prevalence of patient inquiries about cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine, emphasizing the need for accurate and accessible information. While doctors were generally knowledgeable, misconceptions persisted among patients, including beliefs about low risk, inevitability of cervical cancer, and concerns about vaccine safety. Doctors primarily relied on verbal communication for patient education, suggesting potential for utilizing digital platforms and visual aids to enhance outreach. Insights Insights from doctors underscored the importance of addressing misinformation and leveraging various communication channels, including social media, posters, and celebrity endorsements, to improve awareness and acceptance of vaccination. Disparities in vaccine availability and administration rates highlighted the need for targeted interventions to ensure equitable access. Limitations Limitations of the study included its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data, which may introduce bias. However, findings suggest a need for ongoing medical education and collaboration with stakeholders to drive awareness and acceptance of HPV vaccination. Conclusion In conclusion, while gynecologists and medical practitioners demonstrate adequate KAP regarding cervical cancer prevention, there is room for improvement in patient education and communication strategies. Refining educational materials and strengthening communication channels would enhance awareness and reduce cervical cancer burden.

Evaluation of female university students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward human papillomavirus infection and vaccination. Multicenter cross-sectional study

IntroductionHaving good knowledge and a favorable attitude toward human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccinations is the cornerstone for increasing the use of HPV vaccinations and preventing cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV and HPV vaccinations, as well as to identify associated factors among female undergraduate health science students at both the University of Gondar (UoG) and Bahir Dar University (BDU), Amhara, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional-based multicenter descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2023, to July 30, 2023. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 633 female undergraduate health science students, and data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data were coded, entered in Epi-data, and exported to SPSS for analysis. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were inserted in a multivariate logistic regression model, and those with a P-value of < 0.05 in the multivariate binary logistic regression were considered statistically significant factors for knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding HPV and vaccine against it.ResultsThe study included 600 participants with a mean age of 20.8 ± 0.75 years. Using Bloom’s cutoff points for the KAP study, among the participants, 436 (72.7%) had good knowledge about HPV, whereas 315 (52.5%) had good knowledge about HPV vaccinations. More than half of the participants, 359 (59.8%) heard about HPV vaccinations in Ethiopia. More than half of the participants, 342 (57%) had favorable attitudes toward HPV vaccinations. Only 261 (43.5%) participants believed the HPV vaccine was safe and effective. All participants had never been tested for HPV, and 471 (78.5%) refused to have their samples for regular HPV testing. The factors like ages between 21 and 23 years (AOR, 2.12, 95% CI: 1.22–3.09) and favorable attitudes toward HPV vaccinations (AOR: 1.88; 95%, CI: 1.15–3.41) were associated with the participant’s knowledge about HPV vaccinations. Having good knowledge about the virus (AOR: 1.92; 95%, CI: 1.11–5.88) and its vaccine (AOR:1.60; 95%CI: 1.07–2.47) were factors associated with the attitude of the participants about HPV vaccinations. Additionally, HPV vaccination practice was significantly associated with the attitude of the participants toward HPV vaccinations (AOR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.15–3.45), knowledge about HPV (AOR: 1.18; 95%CI: 0.55–5.50), and HPV vaccinations (AOR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.08–2.44).ConclusionThis study revealed that half of the students had good knowledge and a favorable attitude toward HPV vaccinations, but there was poor HPV vaccination practice. There is still a need for continued health education, training, and counseling services for students to strengthen HPV vaccination practices, improve students’ attitudes and knowledge about the benefits of vaccination, and improve counseling abilities against HPV-induced cancer.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Study of Egyptian physicians towards HIV infection: a multicentre study.

In Egypt, there is a paucity of new data regarding awareness of HIV/AIDS among physicians. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, attitude, practice, and knowledge of a sample of Egyptian physicians regarding HIV regarding natural history, epidemiology, and virology, method of transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, and management. Sixty-eight Egyptian physicians were enrolled in an observational analytic multicenter cross-sectional KAP study in Egyptian tertiary health care facilities covering different localities, including New Valley University, Assiut University, South Valley University, Helwan University, Alexandria University, Aswan University, and Al-Azhar University. The attitude of physicians towards the privacy of persons living with HIV, was the one with the highest percentage 85.3%. On the other hand, respondents think that only 25% of physicians do not stigmatize HIV patients. Moreover, only 25% of the study group do not stigmatize persons living with HIV. The highest proportion of favorable practice was 39.7% and the lowest was 17.6%. With regard to their knowledge about HIV, the lowest proportion of correct answers to a question was 4.4%, and the highest proportion was 92.6%. Most of the enrolled physicians were found to have a moderate knowledge score, 49/68 (72%). There was a significant difference between different specialties regarding knowledge scores. There are some knowledge gaps among a sample of Egyptian physicians with regard to HIV/AIDS. In addition, Egyptian physicians may have a moderate degree of undesirable attitude and practice toward HIV/AIDS.

Over-the-counter cosmeceuticals: Exploring usage patterns and attitudes among Indians

Objectives: The study’s objectives were to find the prevalence of over-the-counter (OTC) usage of skin, nail, and hair care products and to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of the Indian population presenting to a non-dermatology outpatient department (OPD) for various indications concerning this usage. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, conducted over a year, in which 668 consenting Indians aged 18–60 years, representing various socioeconomic backgrounds were surveyed through Google Forms regarding the OTC cosmeceutical usage in a non-dermatology OPD. Results: This KAP study was conducted on 668 participants, of whom the majority were middle-aged males (481 [72.01%]), with a diverse socioeconomic range, with the upper-middle class making up the largest segment (264 [39.52%]). Allopathy was the primary treatment choice for 347 (51.95%) of participants, with 566 (84.73%) preferring professional healthcare over self-medication. Social media was a significant source of skincare information, with Google Ads (279 [41.8%]) and Instagram (84 [12.6%]) being popular platforms. While doctors’ advice influenced 270 (40.4%) of participants in their skincare choices, word-of-mouth played a role, with 251 (37.57%) agreeing it was helpful. OTC usage was found to vary by socioeconomic class and treatment type. Oral OTC products were preferred for skin health, especially in the upper class, while fairness creams were more common among the lower class. Conclusion: Despite the growing reliance on social media for skincare information, traditional sources such as word-of-mouth and TV still hold sway, indicating a mix of modern and conventional influences. The frequency and type of OTC product usage varied across socioeconomic classes, with oral products like vitamin supplements leading in the upper class and fairness creams leading in the lower class, reflecting the societal pressure for a fair complexion in this subset.

Valuation of knowledge, attitude, practices of tuberculosis among the health care workers from Islamabad Pakistan

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) as a foremost infectious disease adds massive burden to morbidity and mortality rate, despite of well-structured TB control programs around the globe. Inappropriate health care management system and poor implementation on standard in relevance to TB, remain some reasons causative to TB prevalence and its rising antimicrobial resistance. Health Care Workers (HCWs) laboring as a part of TB control system, are the vital warriors in achieving the goals of TB End Strategy by 2035. Their performance is influenced by their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward this infectious disease. This study aimed to signify the role of KAP score of health care Workers in the better control and prevention of TB in the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), Pakistan. MethodsA cross-sectional study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice study of Tuberculosis (TB) among health care Workers, was done in ICT, which is the capital of Pakistan. The KAP of TB was collected for the 306 Health Care Workers from all the Islamabad TB referring health facilities which refer the TB patients for testing to the National Reference Laboratory, Islamabad Pakistan. Eligible health care workers were requested to respond on KAP questionnaire after informed consent. KAP questionnaire comprised of knowledge, attitude, and practices section including demographic information. All the data was analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 21. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to calculate KAP mean score against different variables. On the significant data sets of ANOVA output, Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test was applied for pairwise comparison. Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to explore the association between two qualitative variables. The non-parametric tests were applied to evaluate difference of KAP score in relation to demographic covariates individually. ResultsFrom June to July 2023, we conducted TB KAP study among Health Care Workers of ICT, Pakistan. The average age was 33 years (range 26–30 years). Majority of the recruited subjects were not being trained for dealing with TB infection. The results demonstrated that Health Care Workers working were lacking their knowledge about mode of TB transmission, best diagnostic technique, and contraction of TB infections. The mean knowledge, attitude and practices mean scores were 15.05 (SD = 3.96), 83.68 (SD = 15.74) and 6.31 (SD = 2.21), respectively. Mean knowledge score of Health Care Workers were significantly related to their educational level and occupation while no significant association was declared with working experience as TB staff. Pearson coefficient of attitude score with knowledge of Health Care Workers was of weak level (0.28). Practice mean score was correlated to knowledge mean score at a moderate level (r = 0.40). On the other hand, practice score was r = 0.29 with attitude mean score had shown weak level correlation. A number of demographic factors were strongly linked to each of the mean score of knowledge, attitude, and practices. ConclusionThese findings highlighted the significant involvement of education, profession, and professional trainings in the better knowledge, attitude, and practices of the TB related health care Workers. For a better management system of infectious diseases like TB, a well-trained and professionally competent staff of Health Care Workers is important so as to achieve the goal of TB-End strategy by 2035 from Pakistan, which is the 5th highest burden country for TB.

When You Eat is as Important as What You Eat - A Kap Study on Chrono Nutrition in Athletes

When You Eat is as Important as What You Eat - A Kap Study on Chrono Nutrition in Athletes

Management of Cardiovascular Disease Patients with Periodontitis Requiring Dental Treatment – A KAP Study among Dental Students

ABSTRACT Background: It is frequently observed that dental students require so many consents to manage medically compromised patients, especially cardiovascular patients with periodontitis requiring dental treatment. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with periodontitis requiring dental treatment. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 611 dental undergraduate and postgraduate students (branches of Periodontology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Endodontics, Prosthodontics, and Public Health and Dentistry) of central Gujrat. Self-administered structured questionnaires with 23 questions were distributed in pen-and-paper physical format. Statistical analysis for descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, confidence interval, one-way analysis of variance, post hoc test for multiple comparisons, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson’s correlation has been done by MS Excel and STATA/IC-13. Results: As per the post hoc test, both groups of students have significantly different knowledge (-4.20210*, P = 0.028) and their practices (0.68632, P = 0.968) but no significant difference between their attitudes (-6.22828, P = 0.089). According to the Pearson correlation test, a weak positive/no relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practice is reported in both study groups. There is a weak positive relation between knowledge and attitudes (0.270) and between knowledge and practices (0.121), and a similar relationship between their attitudes and practices (0.172) was observed in both groups. Conclusion: Correct knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dental management of CVD patients with periodontitis can reduce medical consent to improve the treatment quality of dental students.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAPS) of the Inhabitants of Punjab, Pakistan toward XDR Typhoid Outbreak During COVID-19

Background Typhoid fever, caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, is the most prevalent in areas that have poor hygienic conditions. The most alarming situation is the development of the resistant strains of Salmonella typhi, first reported in 2016 in Hyderabad, Sindh. Later, there was a widespread outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid. This survey aims to investigate the risk factors for the spread of XDR typhoid in Pakistan based on the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of the affected or at-risk population to help plan preventive actions. Method For this purpose, a community-based random KAP study was conducted in Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected online and also by face-to-face interaction from those who had no access to the Internet. Result More than half of the respondents were aware of the fact that bacteria is the causative agent (60.6%) of XDR. Similarly, with regard to practice, it was found that 67.7% of them washed their hands before eating and 88.8% washed their hands after using the toilet. A common practice in the form of using filtered water for drinking purposes was adhered to by 73.8% of respondents. Conclusion The study concluded that preventative and control measures are necessary to avoid XDR typhoid pandemic spread.

IJCM_62A: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Urinary Tract Infection among adolescent females in a rural field practice area of a city.

Background: Urinary Tract Infection is very common in females of adolescent age group. In rural areas there is little knowledge about hygiene practices among adolescent girls which leads to urinary tract infections. Objective: To assess the knowledge of urinary tract infection among adolescent females in a rural field practice area of a city. Methodology: A KAP study was done on 287 female girls of adolescent age group between the age of 10-19 years of a village in a rural field practice area by non-probability purposive sampling. A pre-designed structured questionnaire was prepared to obtain the demographic profile, symptoms, treatment history and hygiene practices. Results: The current study finding revealed that the Mean ± SD of age of study participants was 16.05± 3.53, age range 11- 21, out of which 143(61.3%) of study participants had poor knowledge score regarding Urinary Tract Infection, 116 (49.7%) had good attitude while 227 (97.4%) of studied adolescent females had unsatisfactory self-care practice regarding prevention of Urinary Tract Infection. Conclusion: Our study showed that 39.9% of our study participants had UTI, hence there is a greater need for awareness programs for females to have adequate knowledge, attitude and practices to prevent any complicated urinary tract infections later on.

Food Consumption, Purchasing and Dietary Pattern of Farm Women in Dharwad District, Karnataka State, India

Present study was undertaken to analyze the socio-economic and nutritional status of women involved in farm activities and to know the impact of nutri-farms on food, nutrition and health security. Using 300 farm women in Chamarajanagar district. Health and nutritional status assessment, food intake, nutritional adequacy and screening for iron deficiency anaemia and KAP study on health and nutrition was conducted. Malnutrition is still one of the crucial problems in developing countries which is relationship between nutrition and health among a majority of the population. The objective of the study was dietary pattern of before and after intervention. This paper tries to analyze the food consumption and dietary pattern of women involved in farm activities and to know the impact of nutri-farms on food and nutrition security by using of 500 farm women in Dharwad district. A well-structured questionnaire was framed to gather the information on dietary pattern of the subjects was assessed by 24– hour diet recall method before and after intervention. The results revealed that, Among cereals, rice was consumed daily (90.4%) by all the families, where as food intake was observed that Pulses (67.67), milk and milk products (167.60), roots and tubers (67.80), GLV’s (47.17), other vegetables (96.47), fruits (37.33), fats and oil (17.70) consumption is very low when compared to RDA whereas consumption of cereal was on par with the recommended dietary allowances. The mean nutrient intake of energy (1794.5 kcal), protein (36.95 g), fat (17.95 g), iron (18.98 mg) and Vitamin C(42.85 mg) were less when compared to the RDA. The results shows that all nutrients and food intake consumption was found inadequate.

Utilization of Probiotics Among Dental Students: A KAP Study

ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of the study is to know about the awareness of probiotics among undergraduate dental students. Materials and Methods: We conducted cross-sectional research where we had distributed a questionnaire consisting of ten open-ended questions, among 150 dental students through emails. The questions were based on the utilization of probiotics in dentistry. The data obtained was statistically analyzed with the help of Chi-square test. Results: In our study, we noted that most of the participants were aware of the term probiotics and had general ideas but were not fully aware of its pathogenesis. Around 83.2% of the participants were aware of probiotics and general concepts. We also noted that only 42.5% of the students agreed that probiotics can be used in the management of halitosis as well as periodontitis. Conclusion: We concluded that most of the dental students had a lack of awareness as well as were not familiar with the usage of probiotics in dentistry.

Análise do conhecimento, das atitudes e das práticas de médicos e enfermeiros sobre as vivências de cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas com demência: um estudo CAP

Abstract Objective To analyze the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of healthcare professionals during the care of older individuals living with dementia, concerning the caregiving situations experienced by informal caregivers, and its association with sociodemographic and professional factors. Method A cross-sectional analytical KAP study was conducted in the municipality of Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, with 20 nurses and 20 physicians from Family Health Units. Data were collected through interviews using an instrument developed based on the available literature on KAP studies. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis of the association between the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals and sociodemographic and professional variables were performed using the Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Results Healthcare professionals demonstrated satisfactory knowledge and favorable attitudes towards caregiving situations experienced by informal caregivers of older individuals living with dementia. However, 65% of professionals exhibited insufficient practices directed at caregivers, including guidance, support groups, and health education. No significant association was found between knowledge, attitudes, practices, and sociodemographic or professional variables. Conclusion Despite healthcare professionals possessing satisfactory knowledge of caregiving situations and positive attitudes towards informal caregivers, their practices are inadequate in meeting their needs. This deficiency does not contribute to enabling caregivers to cope with the various challenges that arise during the course of the disease for both the older individual and the caregivers themselves.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Barriers of Nurses Regarding Pain Management in Emergency Department; a KAP Study.

Adequate knowledge and positive attitude among nurses are essential for successful pain management as a fundamental aspect of patients' rights. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers of nurses regarding acute pain management in emergency department. In this cross-sectional study, participating nurses were selected using a consecutive sampling technique within a medical university. Data were collected using 4 questionnaires, which consisted of demographic information checklist, Pain Management Principles Assessment Tool (PMPAT), Nurses' Attitude Survey (NAS), and Nurses' practice checklist. The correlation between knowledge, attitude, and barriers with each other and with baseline characteristics of participates were studied. 400 nurses with the mean age of 38.26±10.39 years were studied (63% male). The average knowledge score of studied nurses was 7.38 ± 2.16 (range: 1 -14). All 400 (100%) nurses exhibited a low level of knowledge. The mean attitude score of participants was 58.47± 22.08 (range:26-100). 214 (53.5%) cases had low attitude, 44 (11.0 %) average attitude, and 142 (35.5%) cases exhibited a high attitude score. The mean score of barriers about pain management was 36.48 ± 23.52 (range: 0 - 80). 23 (5.8%) participants answered the perceived barriers as never, 113 (28.3%) as seldom, 71 (17.8%) as sometimes, 133 (33.3%) as often, and 60 (15.0%) as routine. There was an reverse relationship between the knowledge score and perceived barriers of pain management (r=-0.164, p<0.001). No significant relationship was found between the average knowledge score and nurses' attitudes (r = 0.092; p > 0.065). The findings of this study highlight the need for ongoing training and the organization of workshops for nurses due to their low levels of knowledge and attitude. These training sessions should focus on the concept of pain, assessment methods, pain relief, as well as pharmacology and the physiology of pain.

Analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians and nurses regarding the experiences of family caregivers of older adults with dementia: a KAP study

Resumo Objetivo analisar o Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP) dos profissionais de saúde, durante a assistência às pessoas idosas vivendo com demência em relação às situações de cuidado vivenciadas pelos cuidadores informais e a associação com fatores sociodemográficos e profissionais. Método estudo transversal e analítico, do tipo CAP, realizado no município de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brasil, com 20 enfermeiros e 20 médicos das Unidades de Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista utilizando-se um instrumento desenvolvido a partir da literatura disponível sobre estudos CAP. Realizou-se análise descritiva e análise bivariada da associação entre as variáveis conhecimento, atitudes e práticas dos profissionais de saúde e as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais, utilizando o teste exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados os profissionais de saúde apresentaram conhecimento satisfatório e atitude favorável sobre as situações de cuidado vivenciadas pelos cuidadores informais de pessoas idosas vivendo com demência. Dos profissionais, 65% possuem práticas insuficientes direcionadas aos cuidadores, incluindo orientações, grupos de apoio e educação em saúde. Não houve associação significativa entre as variáveis conhecimento, atitudes e práticas e as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Conclusão embora os profissionais de saúde tenham conhecimento satisfatório sobre a situação de cuidado vivenciada pelos cuidadores e atitudes positivas em relação a eles, suas práticas se mostram insuficientes para atender suas necessidades, de forma a não contribuir para que os cuidadores possam lidar com as várias situações que o decorrer da doença ocasiona para a pessoa idosa e a eles.

Pain KAP Study - Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Cancer Pain Management in North India

Pain KAP Study - Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Cancer Pain Management in North India