Kanpur Nagar Research Articles

CRITICAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SECURITY WELFARE SCHEMES RUNNING FOR CASUAL LABOURERS IN INDIA

This research Paper is based on the objective of critically analysing the welfare schemes running for casual labourers in India. Casual Labourers comes from the informal sector of the economy and they do not have much required social security. They face lot of problems like low wages, long working hours, miserable working conditions, poor quality of life, low access to health, education and other basic facilities like housing, clean drinking water, good quality of food etc. In order to help them, many social security schemes are running in the country. Among them major ones are Pradhan Mantri Jeewan Jyoti Beema Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), Ayushman Bharat, Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan Dhan (PM-SYM) Pension Scheme, One Nation One Ration Card, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana. Their knowledge about the welfare schemes is very low due to lack of awareness and illiteracy. Hence, being in a situation of dilemma, they are unable to take the benefits of the welfare schemes properly. This research paper aims at the critical review of these schemes and also focuses on finding the difficulties faced by casual labourers in achieving the benefits of these schemes, with the help of interview schedule method by taking interview of 100 workers of Kanpur Nagar. The major findings include improper implementation of welfare schemes due to corruption in some cases and poor execution of the objectives of the schemes at grass root level. Casual labourers also find it very difficult to understand properly about all the objectives of the schemes as they are not aware of the rules and regulations about a particular scheme. It seems that awareness campaigns, easy rules of execution of the schemes and regular quality check is required to make things better.

Socio-Economic Profile of Onion Growers of Kanpur Nagar of Uttar Pradesh, India

Socio-Economic Profile of Onion Growers of Kanpur Nagar of Uttar Pradesh, India

Post-campaign coverage evaluation of a measles and rubella supplementary immunization activity in five districts in India, 2019-2020.

In alignment with the Measles and Rubella (MR) Strategic Elimination plan, India conducted a mass measles and rubella vaccination campaign across the country between 2017 and 2020 to provide a dose of MR containing vaccine to all children aged 9 months to 15 years. We estimated campaign vaccination coverage in five districts in India and assessed campaign awareness and factors associated with vaccination during the campaign to better understand reasons for not receiving the dose. Community-based cross-sectional serosurveys were conducted in five districts of India among children aged 9 months to 15 years after the vaccination campaign. Campaign coverage was estimated based on home-based immunization record or caregiver recall. Campaign coverage was stratified by child- and household-level risk factors and descriptive analyses were performed to assess reasons for not receiving the campaign dose. Three thousand three hundred and fifty-seven children aged 9 months to 15 years at the time of the campaign were enrolled. Campaign coverage among children aged 9 months to 5 years documented or by recall ranged from 74.2% in Kanpur Nagar District to 90.4% in Dibrugarh District, Assam. Similar coverage was observed for older children. Caregiver awareness of the campaign varied from 88.3% in Hoshiarpur District, Punjab to 97.6% in Dibrugarh District, Assam, although 8% of children whose caregivers were aware of the campaign were not vaccinated during the campaign. Failure to receive the campaign dose was associated with urban settings, low maternal education, and lack of school attendance although the associations varied by district. Awareness of the MR vaccination campaign was high; however, campaign coverage varied by district and did not reach the elimination target of 95% coverage in any of the districts studied. Areas with lower coverage among younger children must be prioritized by strengthening the routine immunization programme and implementing strategies to identify and reach under-vaccinated children.

Quality of Life in People Living with HIV/AIDS attending ART Plus Centre in Kanpur Nagar

Background: HIV/AIDS affects an individual physically as well as mentally, socially and financially. ART treatment has increased life expectancy so Quality of Life (QOL) has become an important aspect. Aim & Objective: To assess QOL in people living with HIV/AIDS attending ART Plus center in Kanpur Nagar. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 407 registered patients at ART Plus centre from 1st march 2021 to 31st December 2021.WHOQOL-HIV BREF instrument was used to assess Quality of life. Result: Overall QOL score of male patients (14.62±2.05) was found higher than female patients (13.46±1.92). Married study subjects had maximum overall QOL score (14.65±2.00) and minimum QOL score was found in Widowed (12.99±1.84). Maximum overall QOL score was found in Class I (15.62±2.08) and minimum score was found in Class V (13.60±2.00) of modified BG Prasad socioeconomic classification. The study showed that there was an association between QOL scores with gender, marital status and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: In this study QOL score was found higher in male, married study subjects with higher socioeconomic status.

Gender disparity in literacy in Uttar Pradesh: a spatial analysis

Literacy, being one of the most important demographic elements, is a crucial indicator used to measure human progress towards development. It acts as a catalyst for social progress, maximising return on investment in almost all developmental initiative areas. Moreover, female education contributes significantly to raising the state’s standard of living. This study delves into the prevalent gender disparity in literacy rates within Uttar Pradesh, India, with a particular focus on the enrolment of girl children in elementary schools. It assesses the spatial variation in gender disparity in literacy across the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh and finds a correlation between enrolment of girl children (x) and total elementary schools (y) across the districts. The Sopher Disparity Method is used to determine the spatial variation of gender disparity in literacy. Jaunpur, Bhadohi and Mathura are the states with the highest gender disparity level in literacy, while Amroha and Kanpur Nagar account for the lowest disparity level. The dot method is used to show the distribution of total number of elementary schools per district in Uttar Pradesh, presenting that Baghpat, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Mahoba, Shrawasti and Bhadohi are the districts with the lowest concentration of elementary schools, while Azamgarh, Bijnor, Sitapur, Hardoi and Jaunpur are those with the highest concentration. A correlation coefficient of 0.89 has been found between elementary schools and girl child enrolment, which shows a strong positive association. The research highlights the cultural, socio-economic, and infrastructural barriers that impede the enrolment and retention of girl children in elementary schools. By examining existing policies and their impact, the study aims to provide insights into the complexities of gender-based educational disparities. Furthermore, it explores the role of societal norms and economic constraints in shaping the educational landscape for girls in Uttar Pradesh. The ultimate goal is to inform targeted interventions that address the root causes of gender disparity in literacy, fostering a more inclusive and equitable educational environment in Uttar Pradesh.

Effect on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil under Various Land Use Planning of Kanpur Nagar, U.P., India

A research work conducted during 2020-21 at various land use planning of Kanpur Nagar (U.P.) to evaluate the fertility status of various land use planning on soil physico-chemical characteristics. The 504 representative soil samples with 3 depths viz. 0-15, 15-30 and 30-60 cm soil samples were taken with manually driven post hole auger and processed for soil analysis from different land use planning of Kanpur Nagar. Results revealed that physico-chemical properties viz. Bulk density, pH, Electrical Conductivity (E.C.), organic carbon (O.C.) varied vertically and horizontally in cultivated and fallow lands. The frequency distribution of soil bulk density of entire lands ranged 1.14 – 1.43 Mgm-3 and soil chemical properties, like, pH ranged from 7.1-8.9, the E.C. is found in ranged from 0.33 – 0.97 dS m-1. While organic carbon was ranged from 0.21- 0.68%.

Studies on Depth Wise Distribution of Available Nutrients of Soil under Different Land Use Planning of Kanpur Nagar (U. P.), India

An investigation was carried out during 2021-22 at various land use planning of Kanpur Nagar (U.P.) to evaluate the availability of nutrients effect of various land use planning on soil. The 504 representative soil samples with 3 depths viz. 0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm soil samples were taken with manually driven post hole auger and processed for soil analysis from different land use planning of Kanpur Nagar. Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, Sulphur, micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) and notable available Nitrogen in different lands low in ranged from 112.4 – 199.3 kg ha-1. The Phosphorus availability was found in ranged from 8.40 - 19.90 kg ha-1, while Potassium was found in ranged from 111.30 - 192.10 kg ha-1. However the availability of Sulphur, was found in ranged from 7.40 - 23.80 mg kg-1 and the availability of micro nutrients like - available Iron ranged from 4.34- 16.9 mg kg-1, available Manganese ranged from 1.10- 10.9 mg kg-1, available Copper ranged from 0.47 – 3.76 mg kg-1, and available Zinc ranged from 0.33- 2.54 mg kg-1.

Coverage and Quality of Maternal and Infant Health Services in Rural Area of District Kanpur Nagar

Introduction: Most maternal deaths are preventable because there are proven medical procedures to prevent, diagnose, and treat problems. Basic maternal services help reduce and manage pregnancy complications and reduce preventable deaths. Aim and Objective: To assess the quality and extent of maternal and infant health services provided. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Community Medicine, GSVM Medical College Kanpur, using a multistage random sample including women with children less than one year of age and infants (less than one year of age) born to these women in rural blocks of Kanpur Nagar district to assess maternal and infant care services from February 2021 to September 2022. Results: Weight and height were measured in 86.58% of participants, abdominal examination was performed in 81.52% of participants, and blood pressure was checked in 86.84% of participants. Hb test was done in 91.65% participants, urine test for proteinuria was done in 28.35% participants, majority of the study participants received counseling on danger signs (79.49%), dietary counseling (86.58%), newborn care (94.43%), family planning (87.84%). Similar results to NFHS-5 in rural Uttar Pradesh were found in previous published research. Conclusion: The percentage of 4 ANC visits was found to be low in the present study along with low consumption of iron and folic acid.

Emotional Intelligence of Middle Stage Students in Relation to their Academic Achievement

The present study was conducted on middle stage students to analyse the relationship between their emotional intelligence and academic achievement which are very vital for success in life. Academic achievement is the most important goal of education in the mind of students and their parents as well in society. On the basis of descriptive survey method, the sample of 520 middle stage students was drawn from Kanpur Nagar and Kannauj districts of U.P. with the help of stratified random sampling technique. Emotional Intelligence scale prepared by A. K. Singh and Shruti Narayan was utilised for collection of data. The academic achievement was measured through the previous year annual exams results scores. With the help of SPSS Pearsons product moment correlation coefficient ‘r’ was calculated between the two variables. The positive low correlation was revealed.

Opinion of Rural People about Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

The present study “Opinion of rural people about Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” was carried in two blocks of Kanpur Nagar, in each block three villages were selected randomly and in each village 25 respondents were selected. Overall 150 respondents were selected from 2 blocks of six villages randomly. Out of total 40.7 per cent of respondents were educated up to intermediate level. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the opinion of rural people about Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, the perspectives and feedback of people plays a critical role in shaping policies and programs related to infrastructure, sanitation, and public health. Villages are heart of India so programme should be beneficial for the rural people to improved their sustainable livelihood and develop sanitation or hygienic habits

A study on utilization of maternal and infant health services in rural area of district Kanpur Nagar

Background: There is a pressing need to identify and address the grass root determinants of maternal health care utilization to steer the health services toward achieving the ambitious SDG target of reducing the global MMR to <70 per 100 000 births by 2030. Objective of current study was to assess the utilization of health services provided to mothers and infants. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted by the department of community medicine GSVM Medical College Kanpur using multistage random sampling technique including women having children less than 1 years of age and Infant (less than one year) born to these eligible women in rural blocks of district Kanpur Nagar for evaluation mother and infant care services from February 2021 to September 2022. Results: 94.17% participants had at least one antenatal visit, 85.06% of delivery were take place at CHC, 83.80% post natal care provided by doctor, 30.76% infant were treated properly for Acute respiratory symptom 21.31% infant received ORT and Zinc for treatment of diarrhea. Similar results were found as per NFHS-5 in rural Uttar Pradesh in previous published research work. Conclusions: Utilization of health care services require more improvement for infant disease treatment.

An assessment of knowledge regarding breast cancer among educated women in Kanpur Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Most common female cancer worldwide including India is breast cancer. Awareness about breast cancer is very necessary for early detection and prevention as diagnosis at advanced stages of disease contributes to the high mortality rate. An assessment of existing levels of knowledge regarding cancer is a pre-requisite to find out gaps and to plan for proper educational programmes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a women’s college, study subjects were students, female faculty members and female staff. A structured questionnaire was given, data was collected and analysed. Results: In this study it is found that knowledge regarding risk factors for breast cancer was low, only 47.68% knew that family history predisposes for breast cancer, 28.48% knew late menopause is risk factor. 76.82% of respondents knew that lump in breast is a sign of breast cancer, whereas only 31.13% knew that discharge from nipple is sign of breast cancer. Merely 6.40% of respondents knew the procedure of breast self-examination. Majority of respondents i.e. 54.53% told media as source of information. Conclusions: Regarding breast cancer low level of knowledge was found among the study subjects which suggests that proper information should be provided in colleges, especially health facilities and schools should increase their role in providing related information.

Effect of Prenatal Dietary Pattern on Maternal Anemia and Low Birth Weight in Rural Areas of Kanpur

Background: In India, the dietary pattern of women from low socioeconomic status are almost same during pre-pregnant, pregnant and lactating periods. Additional foods are required to improve weight gain in pregnancy and birth weight of infants. Aim & Objective: To identify the impact of prenatal dietary pattern on maternal anemia and low birth weight in rural areas of Kanpur Nagar. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study conducted amongst mothers who recently delivered (RDW) in rural blocks of District Kanpur Nagar. Data was collected by interviewing study subjects using a semi-structured interview schedule after applying multistage random sampling technique. Results: Out of 102 women studied, 39.2% women had consumed >90 IFA tablets, 49.1% of mothers had practiced MMF and 47.1% of women practiced MDD during their prenatal period and 40.1% babies of current pregnancy were born as LBW. IFA consumption during pregnancy was significantly associated with maternal anemia. MMF during pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW. Conclusions: In our study it was found that IFA consumption, MMF and MDD during antenatal is a key preventive measure to reduce anemia status in pregnant females and birth weight of baby during prenatal period.

FTIR Characterization and Physico-chemical Studies of Honey Samples in Kanpur Nagar

Honey is a valuable food entity that gains a lot of attention due to its potential benefits for health and its uses to sweeten foods. It contains about 60% invert sugar and appreciable amounts of maltose and sucrose. In this study, the Physico-chemical characteristics of pure and adulterated honey samples were investigated. The grade and limitation of adulteration of the honey samples also were checked. The moisture, ash and pH were carried out. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of different samples were analyzed. The result of FTIR spectroscopy provides reliable results.

Awareness of Students regarding Online Education during COVID-19 Pandemic

The present study entitled, “Awareness of students regarding online education during COVID-19 pandemic” was undertaken in the year 2021-2022. In this study Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj University of District Kanpur Nagar was selected purposively. From the selected Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj University, randomly six colleges were selected. From each college twenty-fi ve students were selected so; total 150 numbers of students were selected. Most of the students were between 23 to 24 years of age group majorities of them were post graduate. Mostly students were belonged to General. Majority of students were belonged to urban background having whose family annual income was Rs.3, 00,000 and above while mostly students were aware used to YouTube and Zoom as their source of information during COVID-19 pandemic.

Awareness and Adoption of Yoga among Stakeholders before COVID-19

A study was conducted to fi nd out “Awareness and adoption of yoga among stakeholders before COVID-19”. COVID- 19 is tripling transmitted probably fatal corona virus pandemic that aff ecting the world in 2020 WHO (World Health Organization) to see this dreadly disease proposed at social distancing and human to human contact was discouraged COVID-19 disease collapse with human healthy life healthy life system everywhere in the world yoga is best way to leave healthy during lockdown and social distancing a structured interview schedule was developed for data collection. A total of 120 yoga stakeholders were taken as respondents from 4 locality of Kanpur Nagar, namely- Darshanpurwa, Nawabganj, Barra, Kalyanpur. the correlation values between age, education, family size, income, socio-economic status verses awareness index for established statistically signifi cant relation at 5 per cent. it was founded at the selected locality of the study area were aware of 21 June is celebrated as world yoga day, yoga improves immune system but they were not practise yoga before COVID- 19 in daily routine

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of People

The present study entitled “Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental health of people” was undertaken during 2021-2022 to see the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of people in eight diff erent localities of Kanpur Nagar. From the selected localities 15 respondents each were randomly selected and interviewed, whose total number was 120. Most of the of respondents were up to 25 years of age, most of the respondent’s educational qualifi cation was graduation and above, most of the respondents belonged to general category having annual income of Rs. 3,00,000 and above. The study reveals the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of people which includes, stress, nervousness, worry, agitation, frustration, fear of unknown, anxiety, insomnia, etc.

Evaluating the effect of measles and rubella mass vaccination campaigns on seroprevalence in India: a before-and-after cross-sectional household serosurvey in four districts, 2018–2020

SummaryBackgroundIndia did phased measles–rubella supplementary immunisation activities (MR-SIAs; ie, mass-immunisation campaigns) targeting children aged 9 months to less than 15 years. We estimated measles–rubella seroprevalence before and after the MR-SIAs to quantify the effect on population immunity and identify remaining immunity gaps.MethodsBetween March 9, 2018 and March 19, 2020 we did community-based, cross-sectional serosurveys in four districts in India before and after MR-SIAs. 30 villages or wards were selected within each district, and one census enumeration block from each was selected as the survey cluster. Households were enumerated and 13 children in the younger age group (9 months to <5 years) and 13 children in the older ager group (5 to <15 years) were randomly selected by use of computer-generated random numbers. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses by enzyme immunoassay.FindingsSpecimens were collected from 2570 children before the MR-SIA and from 2619 children afterwards. The weighted MR-SIA coverage ranged from 73·7% to 90·5% in younger children and from 73·6% to 93·6% in older children. Before the MR-SIA, district-level measles seroprevalence was between 80·7% and 88·5% among younger children in all districts, and between 63·4% and 84·5% among older children. After the MR-SIA, measles seroprevalence among younger children increased to more than 90% (range 91·5 to 96·0) in all districts except Kanpur Nagar, in which it remained unchanged 80·4%. Among older children, measles seroprevalence increased to more than 90·0% (range 93·7% to 96·5%) in all districts except Hoshiarpur (88·7%). A significant increase in rubella seroprevalence was observed in all districts in both age groups, with the largest effect in Dibrugarh, where rubella seroprevalence increased from 10·6% to 96·5% among younger children.InterpretationMeasles–rubella seroprevalence increased substantially after the MR-SIAs but the serosurvey also identified remaining gaps in population immunity.FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Indian Council of Medical Research.

Current status of the intake of iron folic acid in pregnant females receiving treatment from various urban localities at Kanpur district

Background: Anemia is one of the most common conditions related to pregnancy. Anemia is most frequent during pregnancy due to insufficient intake of proper diet and IFA regimen. Supplementation of IFA for 100 days during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of antenatal anemia. We assess the effect of IFA supplementation with daily dosing and their outcome in urban localities of Kanpur district. Aim of this study was to assess the current status of intake of IFA in pregnant females.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out in Kanpur Nagar district. Total 56 pregnant women of 2nd and 3rd trimester were assigned to daily intake of IFA for 100 days of age 15-45 years. Outcomes were measured by assessment of hemoglobin level and daily intake of IFA. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study cases from 2 ward and 4 blocks in Kanpur district.Results: In this study it was found that, in total 56 sample size of pregnant women of 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy 37 have taken IFA in which 8 patients were anemic who have taken IFA for 100 days and 19 havee not taken IFA in which 12 cases were anemic.Conclusions: Study cases who has taken IFA during 2nd and 3rd trimester have better hemoglobin level and have low risk of anemia related pregnancy however complete course of IFA to antenatal period should must. The study cases which have not received any amount of IFA have higher chances of being anemic. Antenatal IFA supplementation must be ensured by ASHA workers to subcenter, CHC and PHC to pregnant women and provide sufficient knowledge about benefits of IFA.

Application of toxicological compatibility of sweet flag and nirgundi extract against cotton strainer, Dysdercus koenigii Fabr. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) on okra, Abelmoschus esculentus

The field experiment was laid down in randomized block design (RBD), three treatments, each treatment replicated thrice and three botanical extractives and untreated control at Research farm of Fattepur village Kanpur Nagar affiliated to Department of Zoology, D.B.S. Collage, biopotency of sweet flag, Acorus calamus extract at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 per cent extract were tested against of nymphs and adults of cotton bug, Dysdercus koenigii Fabr. On okra, Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. (Moench) was found 73.33, 83.33 and 100.00 per cent mean mortality per cent respectively. It is followed by nirgundi or legundi, Vitex negundo leaves extract at the rate of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 per cent extract showed 73.33, 76.66 and 93.33 per cent mean mortality of nymphs and adults of D. koenigii Fabr. Respectively. Other treatments of Cinnamonum aromaticum extract showed in decreasing order of their efficacy i.e. 16.66, 23.33 and 33.33 mean mortality of bugs, respectively. This research work highlights various biorational botanical extractives that have some potential as controlling agent for nymphs and adults of D. koenigii Fabr.