Kamphaeng Saen Research Articles

Effect of Rumen-Protected Glucose Supplementation on Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Kamphaeng Saen Steers

Effect of Rumen-Protected Glucose Supplementation on Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Kamphaeng Saen Steers

The Effect of a Health Behavior Modification Model on Lipid Profile and Body Fat of Educational Personnel

Background: The health behavior modification model program addresses diet, exercise, and nutritional depletion on lipid profile and body fat can improve the causes of chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a health behavior modification model on the blood lipid profile and body fat levels of educational personnel. Method: This study's five-month data collection timeframe for this study (during the COVID-19 pandemic condition) was from October 2021 to March 2022. Participants are educational personnel of Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus with dyslipidemia (The National Cholesterol Education Program criteria)., aged 19 years and older, both males and females. The inclusion criteria are cholesterol over 200 mg/dl LDL-C over 100 mg/dl triglycerides more than 150 mg/dl or HDL-C less than 40 mg/dL. The satisfaction with the health behavior modification model KPS-FEE, which consisted of 6 activities: K (Knowledge), P (Produce), S (Support), F (Food), eat well, E (Exercise), exercise and E (Emotion), relax and feel good. The subjects were satisfied with the health behavior modification model at a good level (mean score 4.13 ± 0.47). Result: The sample group consisted of 31 personnel by volunteer selection. The mean scores for cholesterol, fat mass, and abdominal fat levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after the experiment. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the participants’ values tended to improve. Conclusion: Health behavior modification will improve a person’s health and happiness, and their ability to perform more effectively can be used in other departments with similar environments and job requirements.

Ecology and life cycle of the filter-feeding Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1902 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in an irrigation canal, central Thailand

Ecology and life cycle of the filter-feeding Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1902 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in an irrigation canal, central Thailand

Effects of Methyl Jasmonate on Quality and Phytochemical Contents of Postharvest ‘Kamphaeng Saen 42’ Mulberry Fruit

The ‘Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruit is consumed fresh and is rich in nutrients. However, it has a short shelf life of only 1-2 days under room temperature conditions. This research aimed to study the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on quality and phytochemical content of postharvest 'Kamphaeng Saen 42' mulberry fruit. The fruits were fumigated with 0 (control), 10, and 20 µmolL-1 MeJA at 20 °C for 6 h, then stored at 10 ± 2 °C, 90 ± 2 relative humidity (RH) for 8 days. The results showed that fruits treated with 10 µmolL-1 MeJA were most effective in retarding weight loss, and all treated fruits tended to exhibit reduced spoilage compared to the control, although the differences were not significant. Additionally, fruit treated with 10 µmolL-1MeJA showed a significant increase in phytochemicals and antioxidant activities; their total ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were higher than in other treatments (p<0.01). Fruit treated with 20 µmolL-1 MeJA had a significantly increased skin color change (p< 0.05), resulting in the highest anthocyanin content. These results suggested that MeJA treatment effectively maintains quality and boosts phytochemical content in postharvest 'Kamphaeng saen 42' mulberry fruit.

Assessment Wind Energy in the Central Region of Thailand

This study evaluates the wind energy potential in the central region of Thailand by using data from seven wind measurement stations (Ayutthaya, Bangna, Chainat, Kamphaeng Saen, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, and Pathum Thani) and two wind turbines, namely AN Bonus 1300/62 and Vestas Wind System A/S. The analysis was conducted using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) to examine the collected wind speed data over three years from the seven stations. The objective was to identify the top three areas with the highest annual energy production (AEP). Additionally, the study included an economic analysis using various metrics, such as the present value of costs (PVC), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), payback period (PBP), and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The results indicate that the AN Bonus 1300/62 model provides higher values in areas with high wind speeds and relatively high electricity demand, whereas the Vestas V52 model is suitable for areas with low wind speeds and lower investment requirements. Based on these findings, the authors recommend prioritizing wind energy development in the provinces of Ayutthaya, Nakhon Sawan, and Lopburi using the AN Bonus 1300/62 model, as these areas have high wind speeds and relatively high electricity demand. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers and investors, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding renewable energy investments in Thailand.

Narrowing down a major QTL region reveals Phytochrome E (PHYE) as the candidate gene controlling flowering time in mungbean (Vigna radiata).

Flowering time is an important agronomic trait that is highly correlated with plant height, maturity time and yield in mungbean. Up to present, however, molecular basis of flowering time in mungbean is poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated that flowering time in mungbean is largely controlled by a major QTL on linkage group 2 (LG2). In this study, the QTL on the LG2 in mungbean was investigated using F2 and F2:3 populations derived from a cross between mungbean cultivar Kamphaeng Saen 2 (KPS2) and wild mungbean accession ACC41. The QTL was narrowed down to a genome region of 164.87 Kb containing a phytochrome gene, designated VrPHYE, encoding phytochrome E (phyE), a known photoreceptor modulating flowering time. Compared to VrPHYE of the wild ACC41, VrPHYE of KPS2 contained several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) causing amino acid changes. Those SNPs were also found in other mungbean cultivars. Some amino acid changes were predicted to occur in the regulatory region of phytochromes. Gene expression analysis revealed that VrPHYE in KPS2 was expressed significantly higher than that in ACC41. These results showed that VrPHYE is the candidate gene controlling flowering time in the mungbean.

Spatial Statistics and Severity of Highway Accidents in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

The aim of this study was to use spatial statistics and geographic information systems to identify high-risk areas for highway accidents in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Secondary data from the Ministry of Transport on the locations of accidents in the road network between 2021-2022 was analyzed using Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO), Spatial Autocorrelation, Kernel Density Estimation, and hotspot analysis. The study focused on Nakhon Pathom, a province in Central Thailand, and found that high-risk areas were concentrated along major routes with heavy traffic and high population density, including both urban and community areas. The study also identified specific risk spots, with Kamphaeng Saen District and Highways NO. 321(Kamphaeng Saen-Thung Khok Road), NO. 3231(Den Makham-Bang Len Road), and NO. 3232(Nong Phong Nok - Pai Chedi Road) being particularly affected, as well as Sam Phran District and Highway NO. 375(Ban Bo-Phra Prathon Road). These findings provide important insights into the clustering of accidents and their risk spots, which can be used to improve traffic safety in Nakhon Pathom.

Water quality assessment in an irrigation pond based on adult caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) assemblages

Caddisfly fauna are abundant benthic organisms in freshwater ecosystems and are considered effective bioindicators of water quality. A study of caddisfly biodiversity and its application for use as an indicator species to assess water quality in aquatic environments was conducted in an irrigation pond at the Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. The specimens were sampled monthly from January to December 2020 by portable light traps. A total of 2,771 adult male caddisflies, representing 7 families, 14 genera, and 30 species, were determined over a period of one year. The four most common species (Setodes gangaya, Cheumatopsyche lucida, Paduniella sampati, and Ecnomus puro) made up approximately 75.49% of the total male abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, sulfate, pH, and dissolved oxygen were the most influential environmental parameters on Trichoptera assemblages. Caddisfly species Ecnomus puro, E. mammus, and E. utto were positively related to sulfate, whereas Leptocerus lampunensis, Setodes melanippos, and Cheumutopsyche schwendingeri were negatively related. Species of Paduniella sampati, Pseudoneureclipsis tramot, Setodes gangaya, and Leptocerus dirghachuka were positively related to nitrate-nitrogen. The results of this study revealed that the order Trichoptera, identified by species, can be potentially used to assess environmental water quality status in freshwater ecosystems.

Effect of coated cysteamine hydrochloride and probiotics supplemented alone or in combination on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of Kamphaeng Saen beef heifers.

This study aimed to determine the effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) and probiotics (PB) supplemented alone or in combination on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of heifer beef cattle. Sixteen heifers (body weight = 210 ± 41 kg; age = 9 ± 2 months) were assigned according to a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. All animals were fed the basal diet, which contained an 82:17 concentrate-to-forage ratio, and the forage source was rice straw. The treatments were as follows: (1) 0% PB + 0 g/d CSH, (2) 0.1% PB + 0 g/d CSH, (3) 0% PB + 20 g/d CSH, and (4) 0.1% PB + 20 g/d CSH. The main effect of CSH supplementation has been found to improve feed intake (P < 0.05). There were no treatment interactions with nutrient digestibility or rumen fermentation parameters. Supplementation of CSH did not affect any of the variables evaluated, while probiotics supplementation increased DM digestibility due to the increases in CP and fiber fraction digestibility. Compared to controls and CSH, at 16 h post-feeding, heifers receiving probiotics tended (P = 0.07) to show 17% greater ruminal NH3-N concentration, but this effect was not evident at 2 h post-feeding. However, the main effects of probiotic supplementation showed a tendency to increase the number of total bacteria and fungal zoospores in the rumen at 2 h post-feeding. The blood triglyceride (BTG) concentration of heifers fed a diet supplemented with 20 g/d CSH and 0.1% probiotics was found to be greater than those fed CSH alone (P < 0.1) at 16 h post-feeding, and then, there were greater BTG concentrations than other treatments (P < 0.05) at 2 h post-feeding. In conclusion, the combination of CSH and PB did not potentiate the effects of probiotics on digestibility and rumen fermentation and had minimal effects on blood parameters.

Phenotypic and Chemotypic Relations among Local Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall Landrace Collection

The relationship between the phenotypic and chemical composition of local Andrographis paniculata was evaluated in this study. Five seed collections were sourced from different regions of Thailand, namely Kamphaeng Saen (KS), Udon Thani (UT), Chiang Rai (CR), Chiang Mai (CM), and Ratchaburi (RB). They were cultivated in the same conditions, potted, and partially shaded (60%) in an open conventional greenhouse. The phenology and chemical composition of these plants were assessed at the commercial harvesting stage (ca. 90 days after planting). The results indicated that UT was morphologically distinctive, illustrating the highest edible biomass yield (aerial and mature leaf size). The above-ground parts (viz., leaves and stem) were then analyzed for bioactive compounds after maceration with 80% (w/w) ethanol. It was found that the highest lactone content (~14 mg/g extract) was obtained from leaf and stem extracts of all samples except KS. Nonetheless, total phenolics and flavonoids in the stem extract of KS were found to be the highest at 3.22 and 2.42 mg/g, respectively. Phytochemicals from both leaf and stem extracts were capable of high anti-oxidant activity (~70%) as determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. Chemically, RB contained the highest 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (156.98 mg/g extract), while UT and CM contained up to 0.68 mg/g extract of neoandrographolide. Classification of the samples indicated a clear relationship between the morphological traits and chemical compositions. In conclusion, our findings suggest the variations in phenotypic and chemotypic relations across the different landraces of A. paniculata. In essence, the quantity of the consumable parts was essentially the marker to describe the quality of the phytochemical constituents. The overall outcome of this study was to select the physiological characteristics that could be used for further breeding programs of the ideal variety with high productivity and higher bioactive(s) content.

Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding for Improving Bruchid (Callosobruchus spp.) Resistance in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

Mung bean is vulnerable to bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.), resulting in low quality and losses worldwide. Developing resistant cultivars is the most effective, economical, and eco-friendly way to protect mung bean seeds from the damage of bruchids. Previously, we identified two gene loci that are tightly linked with bruchid resistance, which makes new cultivar development possible using molecular assisted selection (MAS). In the present study, marker-assisted backcross (MABC) breeding was employed to introgress the bruchid resistance gene VrPGIP2 locus from the donor parent V2802 into a popular cultivar, Kamphaeng Saen 1. Markers VrBR-SSR013 and DMB-SSR158 were used for foreground selection, and phenotypic selection was used for background selection. Three advanced inbred lines (R67-11, R67-22, and R92-15) carrying the resistance gene VrPGIP2 were developed from the BC3F6 population. Further analysis showed that the line R67-22 performed best; it was highly resistant to bruchids and showed excellent agronomic traits in the field. Therefore, R67-22 could be further evaluated in large-scale trials for release as a variety.

Syllabus Development on Writing English News Stories for Kasetsart University Students, Thailand

An English syllabus was developed on writing English news stories for the English for Journalism course in the second semester of the 2014 academic year at Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen campus, Thailand. The study focused on the development of material for writing hard-news and feature stories. The sample consisted of 154 students who had majored in English. The development and analysis of the syllabus for the course used a book titled English News: Reading and Writing developed by Peking University Press (2008). The analysis implemented current news stories in the course for their social and cultural contexts. The findings indicated that the designed curriculum worked well to some degree but that it was limited by the students&amp;rsquo; lack of familiarity with writing news stories. We suggest various actions: 1) to further develop students&amp;rsquo; writing ability, the lecturer should integrate more comprehensible inputs and material apart from those in the book; and 2) the news input material could be sourced from current news stories around the world with particular attention to Appraisal Framework (Martin &amp;amp; White, 2005) and the learning cycle proposed by the Sydney genre-based school (Martin &amp;amp; Rose, 1994), which are the main approaches under systemic functional linguistics, focusing on metafunctions (field, mode, tenor), the context of situation and the context of culture.

A Class II KNOX Gene, KNAT7-1, Regulates Physical Seed Dormancy in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Seed dormancy in wild mungbean (Vigna radiata var. sublobata) may be useful for the breeding of cultivated mungbean (var. radiata) with pre-harvest sprouting resistance. Previous studies have identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed dormancy, HsA and Sdwa5.1.1+, in wild mungbean that are possibly having the same locus or linked. However, these QTLs have not been confirmed/verified and a molecular basis of seed dormancy in mungbean is not yet known. In this study, we aimed to finely map the Sdwa5.1.1+ and identify candidate gene(s) for this locus. Microscopic observations revealed that wild mungbean “ACC41” seeds had a palisade cuticle layer, while cultivated mungbean “Kamphaeng Saen 2” (KPS2) seeds lacked this layer. Fine mapping using an F2 population developed from a cross between ACC41 and KPS2 revealed two linked QTLs, Sdwa5.1.1+ and Sdwa5.1.2+, controlling seed dormancy. The Sdwa5.1.1+ was confirmed in an F2:3 population derived from the same cross and mapped to a 3.298-Kb region containing only one gene LOC106767068, designated as VrKNAT7-1, which encodes the transcription factor KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA7 (KNAT7), a class II KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX II) protein. VrKNAX7 sequence alignment between ACC41 and KPS2 revealed several polymorphisms in the coding, untranslated, and promoter regions. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of VrKNAT7-1 and VrCYP86A, a putative downstream regulation of VrKNAT7-1, in the seed coat of ACC41 is statistically much higher than that of KPS2. Altogether, these results indicate that VrKNAT7-1 controls physical seed dormancy in the wild mungbean ACC41.

Effects of Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Treatment with Polyethylene Bag Storage on Decay Reduction and Enhanced Total Ascorbic Acid, Total Phenolic, and Antioxidant Activities in ‘Kamphaeng Saen 42’ Mulberry Fruit

Mulberry fruit has a short shelf life of only 1 - 2 days under room conditions, make it one of the most fragile and extremely perishable fruits. This study investigated the effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) combined with polyethylene bag (PE) on postharvest decay, total ascorbic acid, total phenolic, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activities in 'Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruits. The study was conducted at Postharvest Quality and Storage System Laboratory, Division of AgriScience and Technology (Postharvest Technology), Faculty of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi in December 2019. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replicates and 2 treatments consisting of 1) untreated with MeJA (control) and 2) fruits treated with 10 mmol L-1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) combination with polyethylene bag (PE) and maintained at 10 ± 2 °C, 90 ± 2 % relative humidity (RH). The results showed that treating the mulberry fruits with 10 mmol L-1 MeJA before placing them in the PE bag was the most effective method to reduce fruit decay and also resulted in higher levels of total ascorbic acid, total phenols, and antioxidant activities than in the control at the end of storage (55.14 mg/100 g FW, 43.78 mg GAE /g FW and 28.91 mM TE /100 g FW), respectively. However, the treated fruits showed lower anthocyanin content than the control during the first 8 days of storage. These results suggest that the combination of MeJA with PE bag is beneficial in reducing fruit decay and increasing total ascorbic acid, total phenols, and antioxidant activities in 'Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruits during storage at 10 ± 2 °C, 90 ± 2 % RH for 10 days.&#x0D; HIGHLIGHTS&#x0D; &#x0D; Mulberry fruit is one of the most fragile and extremely perishable fruits resulting in its has short shelf life&#x0D; Exogenous MeJA combined with PE bag were applied to decay reduction and enhanced total ascorbic acid, total phenolic, and antioxidant activities in ‘Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruit&#x0D; Mulberry fruits treated with 10 µmolL-1 MeJA combined with PE bag were the most effective in reducing fruit decay and increasing total ascorbic acid, total phenols, and antioxidant activities in 'Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruits&#x0D; &#x0D; GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Decarbonizing the energy and industry sectors in Thailand by carbon capture and storage

In this paper, we evaluate decarbonization opportunities for the power and industry sectors in Thailand by carbon capture and storage (CCS). Stationary CO 2 sources from the power sector include coal-fired, natural gas-fired and waste-to-energy power plants. Stationary CO 2 sources from the industry sector include cement factories, refineries, iron and steel mills, petrochemical plants, and natural gas processing plants. Potential sites for subsurface CO 2 storage include oil fields, gas fields and saline aquifers in four offshore sedimentary basins (Songkhla, Pattani, Chumpon, Malay) and six onshore sedimentary basins (Fang, Phetchabun, Phitsanulok, Suphan Buri, Kamphaeng Saen, and Khorat). Data used in this study come from an extensive review of peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and published reports. Results show that stationary CO 2 emission from the two sectors is 143 Mtpa consisting of 79 Mtpa from power plants and 64 Mtpa from industrial plants. The biggest CO 2 emission in the power sector comes from natural gas-fired power plants whereas that from the industry sector comes from cement factories. There is a total of 79 Gt of subsurface CO 2 storage capacity (mid case scenario) in Thailand, which is enough to store 554 years of CO 2 emission from stationary sources. Of this, 77.6 Gt (98%) comes from saline aquifers, 1.7 Gt (2%) from gas reservoirs, and only 0.05 Gt (<1%) from oil reservoirs. Therefore, saline aquifers are the most important sites for subsurface CO 2 storage. We propose using CCS clusters to reduce the overall project cost by using economies of scale. In a CCS cluster, multiple CO 2 sources are mapped to a common CO 2 sink by sharing the same CO 2 capture, transport, and injection network. A CO 2 source-sink mapping exercise results in the identification of six CCS clusters. For Cluster I, we propose a CCS demonstration project by capturing CO 2 emitted from cement factories near the city of Saraburi and transporting it to the nearby Sirikit oil field for CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery. This project can potentially recover 29 MMbbl of incremental oil. For Cluster II, CO 2 emitted from natural gas-ired power plants around Bangkok and petrochemical plants in Rayong is captured and stored in saline aquifers in the nearby Khorat Basin. For all other CCS clusters, emitted CO 2 can be stored in saline aquifers within a 200 km distance. However, detailed characterization of saline aquifers in Thai sedimentary basins such as caprock integrity, reservoir connectivity, net-to-gross etc., is required to materialize these CCS projects. • Stationary CO 2 emission in Thailand is 79 Mtpa from the power sector and 64 Mtpa from the industry sector. • There is 79.3 Gt of mid CO 2 storage capacity in Thailand, which is enough to store 567 years of CO 2 emission from stationary sources. • There is CO 2 -EOR/EGR potential 174 MMbbl from 53 oil and gas fields in Thailand. • However, most Thai gas fields are still under primary depletion and therefore not ready for CO 2 storage. • A source-sink mapping exercise has identified six CCS clusters where CO 2 sources within a cluster are mapped to CO 2 sinks within the same cluster for permanent storage.

PCV3 in Thailand: Molecular epidemiology and relationship with PCV2.

Porcine circovirus type 3 has been circulating throughout the world and since their first report, various clinical signs and disease developments have been documented. The virus is similar to the closely related PCV2 and is associated with several clinical signs called porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD). PCV2 or PCV3 is occasionally reported with clinical signs such as PDNS, respiratory signs and reproductive failure. Retrospective research conducted in Thailand revealed that both PCV2 and PCV3 have been circulation for decades. However, awareness about PCV3 infection has just arisen in recent years because of the similarities observed in disease circulation and clinical signs that have led to concerns. This study was conducted to find the relationship between the quantity of PCV2 and PCV3 in Thai pigs displaying the clinical signs related to PCVAD. A total of 479 serum samples with different production phases and clinical signs were sent to Kamphaeng Saen Veterinary Diagnostic Center (KVDC) for qPCR to detect the presence of PCV2 or PCV3. There was no relationship between the PCV3 and PCVAD-related clinical signs. Also, the relationship between PCV2 and PCV3 with no clinical signs suggested that both viruses might come from the same reservoir or have been circulating in Thailand for a long time, leading to common incidents in finding. The viral load of PCV2 was significantly different among the pig groups with and without clinical signs. The capsid sequence analysis of PCV3 revealed that 22 capsid sequences obtained from this study were found as clusters within PCV3a with a minor variation. Additional control measures are further needed to reduce the findings of the viruses. A future study with a control experiment may be needed to clarify the pathogenesis of PCV3.

Resistance to Three Distinct Begomovirus Species in the Agronomical Superior Tropical Pumpkin Line AVPU1426 Developed at the World Vegetable Center

The Squash Leaf Curl China Virus (SLCCNV) and Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) are species of Begomovirus (whitefly-vectored Geminiviridae) and cause serious damage to the cucurbit crops of the genus Cucurbita in the areas of South and Southeast Asia, across Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean, respectively. Cucurbita moschata’s inbred line AVPU1426, developed at the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) from a Bangladeshi landrace through pedigree selection, was observed to be resistant to both begomoviruses in field tests conducted at the WorldVeg Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand, which is a hotspot for these viruses. When AVPU1426 was tested for reaction to inoculation by viruliferous whiteflies with Squash Leaf Curl Philippines Virus (Taiwan strain) (SLCPV-TW) in the screen net-house at WorldVeg headquarters in Taiwan, it showed good resistance, though SLCPV-TW DNA-A could be detected in all inoculated plants, indicating that it did not show immunity to this virus. The objective of this study was to validate the resistance to SLCCNV and ToLCNDV in AVPU1426 by using whitefly-mediated inoculations to determine the mode of inheritance of the resistance. The results showed that AVPU1426 was resistant to SLCCNV and ToLCNDV. Upon crossing AVPU1426 with a susceptible check variety, Waltham Butternut, the resistance to both begomoviruses was observed to be conferred by a single recessive gene. This open-pollinated pumpkin line AVPU1426 bears flat round, mottled green immature fruits with yellow flesh in mature fruit. The fruit yield of AVPU1426 (20.74 t/ha−1) was comparable to ‘Rajah’ (18.61 t/ha−1), a recently released commercial F1 hybrid of East-West Seed (EWS). The fruit of AVPU1426 were estimated to have a good average β-carotene content (1.57 mg/100 g fresh weight). This line is a good source to breed pumpkins resistant to the three begomoviruses.

Mycotoxin profiles of animal feeds in the central part of Thailand: 2015-2020.

Background and Aim:Mycotoxin contamination in animal feeds is of considerable concern because it can affect animal health systems. As a result of contamination in the food chain, humans can indirectly come into contact with mycotoxins. The present study aimed to present mycotoxin contamination patterns in animal feeds from 2015 to 2020 and elucidate associations between the type of feed and the type of ingredient.Materials and Methods:Data were summarized from the records of the Kamphaeng Saen Veterinary Diagnosis Center from 2015 to 2020, which comprised the analyses of aflatoxin (AFL), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisin (FUM), and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in feed ingredients, complete feeds, and unclassified feeds. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, and Fisher’s exact tests were used for data analysis.Results:ZEA was prevalent in animal feeds. The prevalence of each mycotoxin was constant from 2015 to 2020. Approximately 20-30% of samples were positive for AFL and FUM. The highest contamination was ZEA, which was found in 50% of the samples, and the occurrence of T-2 and DON was <10%. AFL significantly contaminated complete feeds more than feed ingredients. Feed ingredients were related to mycotoxin contaminations. The highest levels of AFL, FUM, and DON contamination occurred in 2017. The data in this year consisted mostly of soybean, corn, and rice bran.Conclusion:The number of positive samples of all five mycotoxins was constant from 2015 to 2020, but the occurrence of ZEA was the highest. Mycotoxins in feedstuffs are significantly related to the type of feed and the type of ingredient.

Genetic management of a water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) population at Bang Kachao Peninsula as a consequence of urbanization with Varanus Farm Kamphaeng Saen as the first captive research establishment

Genetic management of a water monitor lizard (<i>Varanus salvator macromaculatus</i>) population at Bang Kachao Peninsula as a consequence of urbanization with Varanus Farm Kamphaeng Saen as the first captive research establishment

Fine mapping of QTL conferring Cercospora leaf spot disease resistance in mungbean revealed TAF5 as candidate gene for the resistance.

This paper reports fine mapping of qCLS for resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease in mungbean and identified LOC106765332encoding TATA-binding-protein-associated factor 5 (TAF5) as the candidate gene for the resistance Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by the fungus Cercospora canescens is an important disease of mungbean. A QTL mapping using mungbean F2 and BC1F1 populations developed from the "V4718" (resistant) and "Kamphaeng Saen 1" (KPS1; susceptible) has identified a major QTL controlling CLS resistance (qCLS). In this study, we finely mapped the qCLS and identified candidate genes at this locus. A BC8F2 [KPS1 × (KPS1 × V4718)] population developed in this study and the F2 (KPS1 × V4718) population used in a previous study were genotyped with 16 newly developed SSR markers. QTL analysis in the BC8F2 and F2 populations consistently showed that the qCLS was mapped to a genomic region of ~ 13Kb on chromosome 6, which contains only one annotated gene, LOC106765332 (designated "VrTAF5"), encoding TATA-binding-protein-associated factor 5 (TAF5), a subunit of transcription initiation factor IID and Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase complexes. Sequence comparison of VrTAF5 between KPS1 and V4718 revealed many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and inserts/deletions (InDels) in which eight SNPs presented in eight different exons, and an SNP (G4,932C) residing in exon 8 causes amino acid change (S250T) in V4718. An InDel marker was developed to detect a 24-bp InDel polymorphism in VrTAF5 between KPS1 and V4718. Analysis by RT-qPCR showed that expression levels of VrTAF5 in KPS1 and V4718 were not statistically different. These results indicated that mutation in VrTAF5 causing an amino acid change in the VrTAF5 protein is responsible for CLS resistance in V4718.