Kamo River Research Articles

Zooplankton of some rivers of the Podkamennaya Tunguska river catchment (Yenisei river catchment)

The article reports the results of studies of zooplankton communities сonducted in 2017–2020 in some rivers of the Podkamennaya Tunguska river catchment. Zooplankton samples were selected and processed according to generally accepted methods. The taxonomic composition was determined for the first time (except for the Kamo River). The taxonomic composition included 48 taxa: Rotifera — 21, Cladocera — 16, Copepoda — 13. The greatest species diversity of zooplankton was recorded in the Tohomo, Tetere and Taiga rivers — 18–26 taxa, the smallest — in the Ter, Levoe Cheremo and Levaya Tokura rivers — one species each. In most rivers there were rotifers Euchlanis dilatata, and crustaceans — Acroperus harpae, Chydorus sphaericus. In general, rotifers and cladocerans played a significant role in the zooplankton of the studied rivers. The average abundance and biomass of zooplankton organisms varied from 22 to 2673 ind./m3 and from 0.001 to 29.63 mg/m3, respectively. Zooplankton was most developed in the Tetere river due to the abundance of large cladoceras of the genus Alona, Daphnia longispina, Eurycercus lamellatus, Simocephalus vetulus. Low the average abundance was in the rivers Maliy Yurubchen, Levaya Tokura, biomass — Verhvnya Madra, Dugungna, Maliy Yurubchen, Yurubchen, Tes, Levoe Cheremo, Levaya Tokura characterized by a relatively high flow rate and limited supply of organic and biogenic substances that determine the development of the invertebrate food supply. According to the quantitative characteristics of zooplankton, the rivers of the Podkamennaya Tunguska river catchment are characterized as poor in feed.

Life, Death, and the Construction of Space on the Kamo River

Life, Death, and the Construction of Space on the Kamo River

Feeding interrelationships among ayu and three cyprinid species in the Kamo River, Mie Prefecture, Japan

Feeding interrelationships among ayu and three cyprinid species in the Kamo River, Mie Prefecture, Japan

Occurrence and disappearance of a non-native goby Rhinogobius sp. OR in relation to hydrological conditions in the Kamo River, southwestern Japan

Occurrence and disappearance of a non-native goby Rhinogobius sp. OR in relation to hydrological conditions in the Kamo River, southwestern Japan

Designing Wildlife Corridor Along Cikapundung River in Bandung Urban Area (Indonesia) based on Comparation with Kamo River in Kyoto (Japan)

Cikapundung is a river connecting wildlife habitat in two open green space areas; there are Tahura Djuanda and Bandung Zoo. Now, these habitats are fragmented due to intervention by urban activities in the Cikapundung River boundary. One of the proposed solutions is to develop a wildlife corridor along the Cikapundung River. The purpose of this study is to identify the landcover of the Cikapundung River, analyze the potential area which can be developed into a wildlife corridor, designing the landscape of the corridor tailored to the needs of the wildlife, and comparing the condition of the Cikapundung River boundary with Kamo River in Kyoto, Japan. Primary data is landcover of Cikapundung River boundary obtained through on-screen digitizing from satellite imagery using ArcMap. Secondary data are the biodiversity list in Cikapundung River riparian area and its ecological description. Cikapundung River border has several land cover types; the highest percentage of the landcover is tree canopy 62.2%, followed by buildings 31.0%. As a result of the comparison Cikapundung River has a more significant vegetation species; however, Kamo River has a more significant number of wildlife species. In the design planning, 14 vegetation species have been selected according to 26 target wildlife species' needs.

Utilization of green open space on the Kyoto Kamo River riverbed during the corona virus

Utilization of green open space on the Kyoto Kamo River riverbed during the corona virus

「鴨川古写真GISデータベース」の構築と河川環境の変遷分析:ー四条大橋を中心にー

「鴨川古写真GISデータベース」の構築と河川環境の変遷分析:ー四条大橋を中心にー

Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Variables in the Kamo River Basin, Japan

Understanding long-term trends in hydrological and climatic variables is of high significance for sustainable water resource management. This study focuses on the annual and seasonal trends in precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, and river discharge over the Kamo River basin from the hydrological years 1962 to 2017. Homogeneity was examined by Levene’s test. The Mann–Kendall and a modified Mann–Kendall test as well as Sen’s slope estimator were used to analyze significant trends (p < 0.05) in a time series with and without serial correlation and their magnitudes. The results indicate that potential evapotranspiration calculated by the Penman–Monteith equation was highly related to temperature, and significantly increased in the annual and summer series. Annual river discharge significantly decreased by 0.09 m3/s. No significant trend was found at the seasonal scale. Annual, autumn, and winter precipitation at Kumogahata station significantly increased, while no significant trend was found at Kyoto station. Precipitation was least affected by the modified Mann–Kendall test. Other variables were relatively highly autocorrelated. The modified Mann–Kendall test with a full autocorrelation structure improved the accuracy of trend analysis. Furthermore, this study provides information for decision makers to take proactive measures for sustainable water management.

Spatial distribution of spawning redds and larvae of Rhinogobius flumineus in relation to hydrogeomorphological characteristics in Kamo River, Japan

A freshwater goby, Rhinogobius flumineus, is one of the dominant species in the Kamo River and the Takano River, Kyoto City, Japan. We investigated the spatial distribution of their spawning redds and larval habitats in relation to hydrogeomorphological features at the confluence of the Kamo and Takano Rivers. A total of 78 egg masses were found. The spawning redds were concentrated in the transition area from a pool to a riffle. Most of them were found on the underside of half-embedded stones in the riverbed. The spawning redds were also concentrated at stones aligned in the run. These results indicated that potential sites for spawning redds would be created artificially by putting stones in the transition area from a pool to a riffle. Distribution of larvae showed that the average larval size was smaller in the secondary channel than in the main channel and was also smaller at a shore area with a bare water’s edge than with a vegetated water’s edge. The statistical model selected by the widely applicable information criterion showed that larval size could be predicted with the highest accuracy by a model that takes both channel type and vegetation into consideration. On the basis of the model selection and observations in the field, we concluded that bare shallow shore areas are more beneficial to larvae of an early stage than vegetated or deeper shore areas, probably because larvae can avoid accidental drifting and predation by predatory fish and aquatic insects.

Electronic Tag Retention and Survival of Giant Salamanders after Surgical Implantation

Expansion of the habitat occupied by the hybrid giant salamander (Japanese×Chinese giant salamander, Andrias spp.) in the Kamo River of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, has been a serious problem for the conservation of the Japanese giant salamander, A. japonicus. Thus, the movement and behavior of hybrid giant salamanders must be determined to quantify their ecological impact. Biotelemetry facilitates the long-term tracking of this species in rivers if transmitters are surgically implanted successfully. However, to use this approach successfully, it is important to understand the effects of surgical implantation and the healing process after surgery on animals. Nine hybrid salamanders were surgically implanted with dummy transmitters, while three individuals were incised without implanting any transmitters as the control treatment. Three months of observation after surgery showed that all individuals survived and retained transmitters. No hernia was observed in implanted individuals, and surgical incisions completely healed in one to two months. Body weight increased in all individuals, with no significant difference being observed in the weight gain and growth rate of implanted versus control individuals. The present study demonstrated the successful retention of implanted dummy transmitters in giant salamanders for three months without severe effects, suggesting the utility of biotelemetry for monitoring individuals in the wild.

Assessment of hydrological extremes in the Kamo River Basin, Japan

ABSTRACTA suite of extreme indices derived from daily precipitation and streamflow was analysed to assess changes in the hydrological extremes from 1951 to 2012 in the Kamo River Basin. The evaluated indices included annual maximum 1-day and 5-day precipitation (RX1day, RX5day), consecutive dry days (CDD), annual maximum 1-day and 5-day streamflow (SX1day, SX5day), and consecutive low-flow days (CDS). Sen’s slope estimator and two versions of the Mann-Kendall test were used to detect trends in the indices. Also, frequency distributions of the indices were analysed separately for two periods: 1951–1981 and 1982–2012. The results indicate that quantiles of the rainfall indices corresponding to the 100-year return period have decreased in recent years, and the streamflow indices had similar patterns. Although consecutive no rainfall days represented by 100-year CDD decreased, continuous low-flow days represented by 100-year CDS increased. This pattern change is likely associated with the increase in temperature during this period.EDITOR D. KoutsoyiannisASSOCIATE EDITOR E. Gargouri

Contrasting life history patterns of the goby Rhinogobius similis in central Japan indicated by otolith Sr:Ca ratios

Rhinogobius similis a common goby, widely distributed in Far East Asia, is characterized by an amphidromous life history, adult fish inhabiting the lower reaches of rivers, and larvae in the freshwater area being swept downstream to the sea and returning to the river following a period of pelagic marine existence. Individuals were collected from 6 stations in the Ibi, Nagara and Kamo Rivers, central Japan, and their otolith strontium and calcium environmental signatures examined using electron probe microanalyses. The otolith Sr:Ca ratios of R. similis from the Kamo River suggested a typical amphidromous life history, whereas those of fish collected from the Ibi River suggested two types of migratory life history pattern: amphidromous and river resident. In contrast, the otolith Sr:Ca ratios of fish collected at two stations upriver of a dam in the Nagara River estuary suggested an artificially landlocked life history. Emergent plant vegetation in the lower reaches of the Ibi River created slow currents and pools in the river, thereby possibly enhancing the likelihood of a river resident life history. In the Nagara River, however, landlocked specimens had been obstructed in their downstream migration by the dam. It is suggested that R. similis in central Japan has a variable migratory life history pattern, allowing the species to persist in upstream habitats in large rivers.

Impact assessment of rainfall scenarios and land‐use change on hydrologic response using synthetic Area IDF curves

AbstractIn combination with land use change, climate change is increasingly leading to extreme weather conditions and consequently novel hydrologic conditions. Rainfall Area intensity‐duration‐frequency (IDF) curves, commonly used tools for modeling hydrology and managing flood risk can be used to assess hydrologic response under extreme rainfall conditions. We explore the influence of land use change on hydrologic response under designed extreme rainfall over the period 1976 to 2006 in the Kamo River basin. Run‐off for all six designed rainfall shapes under 2006 land use is higher than that under 1976 land use, but the timing of peak discharge under 2006 land use occurs at roughly the same time as that under 1976 land use. Results indicate that run‐off under 2006 land use yielded higher discharge than under 1976 land use, and rainfall shape six leads to the most extreme hydrologic response and most dangerous conditions from the perspective of urban planning and flood risk management. Future hydrologic response will differ from present due both to changes in land cover and changes in extreme rainfall patterns requiring modification to Area IDF curves for catchments.

Integrated Assessment of Hydro-Climatology Variability in Kamo River Basin: Confronting Climate and Extremes

Integrated Assessment of Hydro-Climatology Variability in Kamo River Basin: Confronting Climate and Extremes

Estimation of long-term nutrient loadings into a hyper eutrophic artificial lake in a lowland catchment, western Japan

Abstract. Lake Kojima, an artificial lake located in the coastal area of western Japan, is categorized as a hyper eutrophic lake due to the nutrient inputs from the Sasagase River, Kurashiki River and Kamo River. The input nutrient loads from the rivers have never been assessed because there are no observation stations for runoff rate. The objective of this study is to confirm the total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) loads into Lake Kojima using the SWAT model for 60 years and considering changes in land use and the amount of domestic wastewater in the watersheds. Estimation results show that more than 90% of the total nutrient load comes from the Sasagase and Kurashiki rivers. The estimated T-N and T-P loads indicated two different trends in the rivers; an increasing trend is found during the period from 1950 to 1980, while a decreasing trend is found during the period from 1980 to 2009. It was suggested that the increasing trend was commonly caused by the combined effects of increase of the amount of domestic wastewater and agricultural wastewater in the watersheds, while the decreasing trend was caused by the expansion of domestic wastewater treatment and decrease of agricultural land use. The contribution ratio of domestic wastewater to the total amount of nutrient load was estimated to be 60% in Sasagase River and 15% in Kurashiki River because the treatment ratio of domestic wastewater in Kurashiki River was higher than in Sasagase River.

Estimation of Areal Average Rainfall in the Mountainous Kamo River Watershed, Japan

Estimation of Areal Average Rainfall in the Mountainous Kamo River Watershed, Japan

Effects of terrigenic He components on tritium–helium dating: A case study of shallow groundwater in the Saijo Basin

Dating using a combination of 3H and 3He is believed to be the most practical method for estimating the short residence time of shallow groundwater. However, this method must estimate tritiogenic 3He alone and tends to overestimate the residence time of groundwater, if terrigenic 3He from the mantle cannot be excluded from the total dissolved 3He. We demonstrate the exclusion of terrigenic 3He in the Saijo Basin, where mantle He is easily released along the major active fault, Median Tectonic Line. The 3He/4He ratios suggest that the west bank of the Kamo River, which lies within the basin, has experienced greater emanations of mantle He than the east bank. We estimate the residence times to be 1.1–96years by the proposed exclusion method.

Reconstruction assessment of historical land use: A case study in the Kamo River basin, Kyoto, Japan

Reconstruction assessment of historical land use can be useful for understanding historical conditions and the impact of long-term land-use change. This study establishes a new method to estimate historical land use based on a set of basic rules generated from the comparison of present land-use and historical documents. This method has been formalized in the paleo-land-use reconstruction (PLUR) program, allowing users to quickly reconstruct historical land use using historical information. The 1843, 1902 and 1927 historical land use conditions were generated using the PLUR model for the Kamo River basin (KRB). Our results show that between 1902 and 1976, three golf courses (Ohara Public course, Kamigamo course and Funayama course) replaced forest land in the KRB. As a result of agricultural development, the area occupied by paddy fields in 1843 was 2.48km2 less than that in 1902. Urban areas increased from 1843 to 1976, mainly reflecting declining coverage of paddy fields after 1902. The approach presented in this study can be used to support land-use change analyses and reconstruction of paleo-hydrology. This study also provides a discussion of the major drivers of land use change.

Palaeoflood simulation of the Kamo River basin using a grid‐cell distributed rainfall run‐off model

AbstractLand‐use change and human activities have dramatic implications for water resources, especially through impacts on hydrology and water quality. We characterise the impact of land‐use change on floods through the reconstruction of palaeoflood events and the estimation of discharge during extreme rainfall events under the historical environment using the grid‐Cell Distributed Rainfall Run‐off Model Version 3 (CDRMV3). Historical land use maps were digitised using the Palaeoland‐Use Reconstruction (PLUR) programme as the input data for CDRMV3. Palaeoflood simulations show the delay and the reduction of the peak discharge under 1902 land use in the Kamo River basin because of increases in coverage of forest and paddy fields compared with 1976 land use. Lower discharge and earlier peak discharge time are estimated under historical land use and compared with conditions under present land use. The results of the palaeoflood simulations under extreme rainfall events create a better understanding of palaeoenvironmental conditions and their potential impact on flood management while suggesting important implications for resource management under land use and climate change.

京都・鴨川東部における水力利用産業地域の変遷

Biwako Canal in Kyoto City was constructed in 1890 in order to develop the water power for the electricity, wheels and transportation by ships around the eastern district of Kamo river. This area was firstly planned as an industrial center by the Governor Mr. Kunimichi Kitagaki. With the exchange of the purpose on canal from water wheel to hydroelectric power, the urban development had a structural change. This paper shows that in the eastern district of Kamo river, especially around the pool for transportation by ships, many of water wheels were concentrated for the rice polishing and then transported to copper industry. The transfer of the water rights of the stakeholders and the transformation of the industries are discussed based on the newly discovered archives.