Juvenile Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser Baerii Research Articles

Relationship between cortisol and glucose as physiological stress indicators during growth season in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii

The relationship between cortisol and glucose was studied in two-year old farmed Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii with a body weight of 340±30 g (mean ± SD) and total length of 45±1 cm from August to November 2017. Thirty-six individuals were randomly selected and stocked in some 3×300 L fiberglass tanks. Blood samples were collected monthly from the tagged fish. The mean cortisol in August, September, October and November were 4.7±0.9, 23.5±3.0, 6.3±0.9 and 7.4±0.9 ng mL–1 respectively whereas glucose concentrations were 44.6±0.4, 27.3±0.6, 49.2±0.7 and 48.5±0.7 mg dL–1 respectively indicating a significant increase in cortisol and decrease in glucose in September, may be due to the exposure to prolonged high temperature (26–28.5°C). Although it was expected to happen naturally due to hyperglycemia of cortisol but no such phenomena was detected. Our results suggest that the consumption of glucose for maintenance of homeostasis and physiological status is a mechanism against the non-optimal thermal regime. This mechanism consumes glucose at a rate higher than that produced by cortisol, causing significant decrease of plasma glucose. In general, there was a reverse relationship between cortisol and glucose concentration during the experiment in Siberian sturgeons.

Stimulatory effects of short-term calcitonin administration on plasma calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and glucose in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii.

Calcitonin (CT) has a potential function in calcium (Ca) regulation, but there are conflicting observations in fishes. Because of the lack of calcified endoskeleton, sturgeons have low Ca circulating compared with teleost fish and the function of CT on Ca in sturgeon is very less understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of injection of salmon CT on plasma Ca, magnesium (Mg), phosphate (PHO), and glucose levels of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Sixteen-month-old fish (429.6 ± 12.1g) were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of CT (5μgkg-1 BW) and saline solution as a control group. Thereafter, blood sampling was performed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48h after injection. CT produced marked increases in all variables measured. The highest levels of Ca (6.77 ± 0.53mgdL-1), Mg (9.79 ± 0.16mgdL-1) and PHO (1.74 ± 0.05mgdL-1) were recorded at 2h after CT injection and showed significant difference compared with control treatment (Ca 4.75 ± 0.12mgdL-1; Mg 5.47 ± 0.16mgdL-1 and PHO 1.23 ± 0.06mgdL-1). It also likely produced hyperglycemia. However, the differences with the controls were not statistically significant, possibly due to interference with the hyperglycemia induced by the stress of injection. Our results showed that the injection of 5μgkg-1 BW CT to Siberian sturgeon has an incremental effect on plasma Ca, Mg, and PHO. The increase in plasma Ca level indicated that CT has a potent hypercalcemic effect in sturgeon under laboratory condition, in contrast to the hypocalcemic effects reported for teleosts.

Effect of Dietary Inorganic Copper on Growth Performance and Some Hematological Indices of Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii Juveniles

AbstractThis research work was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary copper (Cu) levels on growth performance, feed utilization, and some hematological parameters of juvenile Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Five semipurified diets containing 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mg Cu/kg in the form of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) were formulated to provide the actual dietary copper values of 1.8, 5.7, 10.1, 15.9, and 28.3 mg Cu/kg diet, respectively. The obtained results exhibited a significant improvement in the final weight, protein efficiency ratio, daily growth coefficient, and hepatosomatic index with increasing dietary copper levels up to 10.1 mg/kg diet, while the feed conversion ratio significantly decreased. Also, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values increased with increasing levels of dietary copper, but no steady trend was observed in mean corpuscular hemoglobin changes. Furthermore, the neutrophils were significantly increased with enhancing the copper level in the fish diet, while the lymphocytes declined. Findings of the current research illustrate that an appropriate dietary copper level is required for improvement of growth performance, oxygen transfer capability, and white blood cell proliferation. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis of leukocyte count and monocyte percentage, the optimum dietary copper supplementation was estimated to be 10.63 and 10.36 mg Cu/kg diet, respectively.

Physiological responses to feed restriction and starvation in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869): Effects on growth, body composition and blood plasma metabolites

An 8-week study was applied to evaluate the effects of feed restriction and starvation on growth, proximate composition, haematological and biochemical factors in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii with an average weight of 54 ± 0.6 g. Fish were randomly divided into nine indoor tanks (1,050 L volume) with 30 fish per tank in a flow-through system at 18 ± 0.4°C. Three feeding strategies were considered: I) fed at satiation (F), II) restricted feeding at the rate of 1% body weight per day (R) and III) starvation (S) each with 3 replicates. Fish were fed with commercial pellets 4 times daily, but no feed was considered for S group throughout the trial. Basal level at the start, 4 and 8 weeks after initiation of the experiment, blood samples were taken from 5 fish/tank to measure the haematological and biochemical parameters. Moreover, growth performance was recorded every 2-week interval. At the end of the experiment, the growth parameters and proximate composition were significantly different among the treatments. As expected, the highest weight (164.7 ± 2.1 g) was observed in F group compared to R (101 ± 1.7 g), or S (42.4 ± 0.8 g) groups. The highest (12.07 ± 0.14%) and lowest (5.37 ± 0.42%) fat contents were observed in F and S groups, respectively, while the protein was not affected in R group compared with F group. In addition, most haematological and biochemical indices of Siberian sturgeon were affected by starvation at week 4 and 8, while few changes were observed in restricted feeding. The highest mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, plasma total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride was found in S group, while the lowest value of plasma glucose was observed in this group. It can be concluded that Siberian sturgeon adjusts the physiological condition in short-term (4 weeks) feed restriction using stored metabolites to have basal metabolism and due to this, a short period of feed restriction strategy recommends to the optimum nutritional management of Siberian sturgeon to cost-saving during unsuitable conditions.

Growth performance and plasma metabolites in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869) subjected to various feeding strategies at different sizes.

The effect of various feeding strategies was evaluated on growth performance and biochemical parameters in two sizes of Siberian sturgeon (465.75 ± 11.18 and 250.40 ± 12g) during 45days. Fish were distributed into six experimental treatments including large fish with satiation feeding (LA), small fish with satiation feeding (SA), large fish with 50% satiation feeding (LR), small fish with 50% satiation feeding (SR), large starved fish (LS), and small starved fish (SS). Differences in final weight between LA and LR treatments were not noticeable, whereas SA and SR treatments showed significant differences. Growth parameters were more affected in small fish. In condition factor and weight gain in starved treatments, a considerable reduction occurred by interaction between feeding strategies and fish size, so the lowest values were obtained in SS treatment. Glucose levels significantly decreased in small fish during the starvation. Interaction between feeding strategy and fish size indicated the highest and lowest albumin level in SA and SS treatment, respectively. Cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, and globulin showed no significant differences. It can be deduced that small fish are more sensitive to starvation than the large fish. Since glucose and albumin showed significant decrease in starved small fish, these parameters can help to monitor nutritional status and feeding practices. It was indicated that in both sizes of Siberian sturgeon, feeding 50% satiation reduced the food cost without negative impact on physiological condition, and it can be considered as an appropriate strategy to face unfavorable circumstances.

Hemato-Immunological Responses and Disease Resistance in Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii Fed on a Supplemented Diet of Lactobacillus plantarum.

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum on hemato-immunological parameters and resistance against Streptococcus iniae infection in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Fish (14.6±2.3g) were fed three experimental diets prepared by supplementing a basal diet with L. plantarum at different concentrations [1×107, 1×108 and 1×109 colony-forming units (cfu) g-1] and a control (non-supplemented basal) diet for 8weeks. Innate immune responses (immunoglobulin (Ig), alternative complement activity (ACH50) and lysozyme activity) were significantly higher in fish fed the 1×108 and 1×109 cfug-1 L. plantarum diet compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, fish fed on various levels of L. plantarum significantly showed higher red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) and monocyte compared to those of the control group (P<0.05). At the end of the feeding experiment, some fish were challenged with S. iniae to quantify the level of disease resistance. The mortality after S. iniae challenge was decreased in fish fed a probiotic. These results indicated that dietary supplementation of L. plantarum improved immune response and disease resistance of Siberian sturgeon juvenile.

Oxygen consumption and swimming behavior of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii during stepped velocity tests

AB Aquatic Biology Contact the journal Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AB 24:211-217 (2016) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00649 Oxygen consumption and swimming behavior of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii during stepped velocity tests Xi Yuan1,2,3, Lu Cai3,4, David M. Johnson3,5, Zhiying Tu3, Yingping Huang3,* 1Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Hubei Yichang 443002, China 4Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China 5School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA 24088, USA *Corresponding author: chem_ctgu@126.com ABSTRACT: Oxygen consumption rate (MO2) and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii were measured at 24°C using a step-wise velocity test in a flume-type respirometer. Swimming behavior was video-recorded before and after the swimming experiment in a respirometer and an open tank. The relationship between MO2 and swimming speed (U) can be accurately described by a power function. The Ucrit of A. baerii was found to be 2.28 ± 0.09 body lengths (BL) s-1 or 0.51 ± 0.05 m s-1. The standard metabolic rate was calculated to be 149.24 mg O2 kg-1 h-1, and measured maximum metabolic rate (MMR) was 385.04 mg O2 kg-1 h-1. This is a relatively low MMR, resulting in a low metabolic scope, and is consistent with the low Ucrit of juvenile sturgeon. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, measured over a 60 min recovery period, was 65.20 mg O2 kg-1. Therefore, A. baerii possess high fatigue recovery capability. Tail beat frequencies increased significantly with U, but there was very little change in tail beat amplitude, and results differed between respirometer and open tank observations. Our results provide data on the physiology and behavior of A. baerii and will help to support conservation of this important species. KEY WORDS: Siberian sturgeon · Swimming capability · Swimming behavior · Oxygen consumption Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Yuan X, Cai L, Johnson DM, Tu Z, Huang Y (2016) Oxygen consumption and swimming behavior of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii during stepped velocity tests. Aquat Biol 24:211-217. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00649 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AB Vol. 24, No. 3. Online publication date: March 17, 2016 Print ISSN: 1864-7782; Online ISSN: 1864-7790 Copyright © 2016 Inter-Research.

Dietary Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum Enhanced Growth Performance and Innate Immune Response of Siberian Sturgeon, Acipenser baerii.

We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum used as a dietary supplement on the growth performance and innate immune response in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Juvenile fish (14.6 ± 2.3 g) were fed three experimental diets prepared by supplementing a basal diet with L. plantarum at different concentrations [1 × 10(7), 1 × 10(8) and 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) g(-1)] and a control (non-supplemented basal) diet for 8 weeks. Growth performance indices were increased in fish fed the 1 × 10(8) cfu g(-1) L. plantarum diet compared to the other groups. There was an increased innate immune response in fish fed the experimental diets. The highest levels of lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin (IgM) and complement component 3 (C3) were observed in fish fed the diet containing L. plantarum at a concentration of 1 × 10(8) cfu g(-1), but there was no significant difference in the level of complement component 4 (C4) in fish fed the experimental diets or the control diet. The present study underlying some positive effects (growth performance and immune indices) of dietary administration of L. plantarum at a concentration of 1 × 10(8) cfu g(-1) in the Siberian sturgeon.

Studies on dietary phosphorus requirement of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii

Summary A 56-days growth trail was conducted to determine the dietary phosphorus requirement for young Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. In total 495 healthy young Acipenser baerii weighed average 14.50 ± 1.00 g were selected and randomly distributed into 33 tanks (eleven treatments with triplicates each). The growth performance of Acipenser baerii improved significantly with the level of phosphorus increasing, weight gain rate arrived at 431.94% for the maximum while the phosphorus level up to 0.60%. Ash and phosphorus content of whole fish increased with the level of phosphorus in the diet and remained stable while dietary phosphorus was more than 0.99% (P > 0.05). There were positive correlations between ash, calcium and phosphorus content in scutae and the dietary phosphorus had offered. Plasma calcium, plasma phosphorus content and alkaline phosphatase activity were influenced significantly by dietary phosphorus levels (P < 0.05). Based on WGR and phosphorus content in whole fish presented in this report, we would suggest a value of 0.50–0.87% phosphorus be used in formulated sturgeon feed.

Effect of photoperiod on growth, physiologica and hematological indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii

The effect of photoperiod on the growth of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii has been studied in aquarium experiments. The maximum growth rate of juvenile Siberian sturgeon was observed under 12, 16, and 24 h photoperiods. This was accompanied by high respiratory rate and total food consumption and conversion. Rearing in the dark significantly decreased these indices. The hematological indices were within the normal range under optimal photoperiodic conditions. Pronounced neutrophilia and leukopenia were observed in the absence of light.