Juvenile Court System Research Articles

Juvenile Recidivism in Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study on Juvenile Development Center, Gazipur

Juvenile Recidivism is relatively new and legal term in modern world which stimulates the repetition of criminal behavior among the juvenile. Juvenile delinquent and juvenile recidivist activity has been increased due to the Development of technology, indiscrimination, unplanned modernization, industrialization, urbanization and over politicization. Juvenile Recidivism mostly incites the future evils younger generation due to severe and heinous effect of consequent juvenile criminal behavior among the juvenile. On the basis of this problem, juvenile recidivism in Bangladesh has been studied to explore what are main causes of juvenile recidivism in Bangladesh and also to identify which social factor is responsible for being to be juvenile recidivism as well as to justify how juvenile become a juvenile recidivist from the early stage of lives. Qualitative method has been used in the study within in-depth interviewing as well as face to face conversation. The major findings of the study is poverty, lack of parental care, bad peer group, living in slum area, engaged with unreported adult criminal, gang and political leader which are directly influence juvenile to commit the criminal activity for this reason juvenile turn into a juvenile recidivist. It had also found that sexual and drugs related offences are committed by the maximum number of juvenile recidivist in Bangladesh. Finally it had found that lack of proper treatment in Development center, inexperienced probation officer and lack of legal juvenile court or juvenile justice system is also increasing juvenile recidivist in Bangladesh.

Staying in Control? Youth Reformatories, Social Fears and Social Change Under Francoism

This article explores continuity and change in Spain's reformatories. Looking at legal and normative documentation, we could argue, on the one hand, that the Franco dictatorship (1939–1975) found little need to change how the reformatories worked. The juvenile court system, on which they depended, displayed strong similarities to those operating elsewhere in the West, and my empirical study of 2,300 personal and administrative records indicates that the reformatories were always characterized by archaic practices and were chronically underfunded throughout Francoism. On the other hand, after analysing the evolving profiles of adolescents confined under Francoism, we can see the connections with both specific processes of regime-sanctioned change from the end of the 1950s – in particular massive, accelerated, internal rural-to-urban migration – and the goal of the dictatorship of preserving a particular form of social order by maintaining tight control of those sectors of the population it considered a danger (i.e., predominantly marginalized, male adolescents living on the edges of Spain's cities – in the shanty towns ( chabolas) or poor suburbs ( banlieues)). The article also looks at how families from different social classes interacted with the reformatories to achieve their own goals, which overlapped with the dictatorship's while remaining partly distinct.

An Analysis of the Implementation of Diversion in the Juvenile Criminal Court System

Objective: This study delves into the application and effectiveness of diversion programs within the juvenile criminal court system. Diversion, as an alternative to traditional court processing, aims to redirect young offenders away from formal adjudication, emphasizing rehabilitation and community-based interventions. Theoretical framework: It defines work discipline, explains performance management principles, incorporates legal regulations, uses theoretical models, forms research questions, and identifies variables. It also considers contextual factors and shapes expectations regarding work discipline's impact on performance. Methodology: The research employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, including judges, probation officers, and diversion program coordinators, alongside quantitative analysis of case outcomes and recidivism rates. The findings reveal multifaceted insights into the implementation of diversion initiatives. Results and conclusion: Qualitative data highlights the perspectives and experiences of professionals directly involved in the diversion process, shedding light on program design, participant eligibility criteria, and challenges faced in execution. Concurrently, quantitative analysis provides statistical evidence regarding the impact of diversion on reoffending rates, comparative to traditional court processing. Furthermore, this study addresses the equity implications of diversion, exploring disparities in program access and outcomes across demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical dimensions. It examines potential biases in referral, participation, and success rates, aiming to identify areas for improvement in ensuring a fair and just application of diversion practices. Originality/value: It advocates for tailored diversion programming, informed by empirical evidence and stakeholder perspectives, to maximize its potential as an effective tool for juvenile justice. The study also underscores the need for ongoing evaluation and refinement of diversion initiatives to align with evolving best practices and societal needs. This research contributes valuable insights to the discourse surrounding juvenile justice reform and the pivotal role of diversion in creating a more rehabilitative and equitable system for young offenders.

Juvenile Justice and John Rawls’ Justice Perspective on Serious Crime Committed by Minors

The management of minors in legal trouble continues to be geared toward a restorative justice approach as it develops. Unfortunately, as of yet, the method for putting the restorative justice concept into practice is still dispersed over a number of linked institutional norms and has not been incorporated into laws. The goal of this study is to evaluate the juvenile court system’s rules for providing for minors who need legal assistance as well as John Rawls’ perspective on justice as it relates to significant crimes committed by juveniles, which is now handled using a restorative justice strategy. This research uses normative legal methodologies in conjunction with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. According to the findings of the study, the juvenile justice system in Indonesia continues to prioritize the interests of the minors; this is done so that perpetrators do not lose their rights as a kid or the future generation. Nonetheless, in serious crimes, such as murder, the kid (perpetrator) can be condemned to jail for no more than 1/2 (one-half) the maximum term of imprisonment for adults. According to John Rawls’ perspective on justice, these requirements are adequate to provide justice. But, in order to build a restorative strategy, policies at the level of legislation that may give legal certainty must be developed, especially for law enforcers such as judges in imposing criminal sanctions so as not to offend the sense of justice for victims.

Team Approaches to Addressing Sex Trafficking of Minors: Promising Practices for a Collaborative Model

The extant research literature is lacking in its focus on community-based responses (CBRs) to sex trafficking involving minors in the juvenile justice system. To address this research gap, the present study draws from 35 interviews with social service and justice system practitioners who work with juvenile justice-involved minors experiencing sex trafficking to examine collaborative responses in two Study Sites. Specifically, protocols to respond to trafficking and collaboration with community partners are explored. Results indicate that a formal protocol engaging a team approach inclusive of multiple community partners is a promising mezzo level response to addressing the sex trafficking of minors involved in the juvenile justice system. Informal and formal relationships, establishing a shared goal, open and ongoing communication, and trust building were also found to enhance community-based responses. Implications include establishing a protocol to respond to sex trafficking in the juvenile court system when sex trafficking is suspected and/or confirmed, which would engage a CBR team involving the survivor, parent(s)/guardian(s), DJO, supervisor, investigator, judge, Children’s Division caseworker, and social services provider(s). Establishing a shared goal within the CBR team and developing a pattern of communication and follow up can facilitate trust building, ultimately benefitting CBRs addressing the sex trafficking of minors involved with the juvenile justice system.

A Model for a Psychoanalytically Informed Preschool

ABSTRACT This paper is about my journey into unfamiliar territories as a child analyst when I was asked to direct a psychoanalytically oriented preschool project known as the Early Childhood Mental Health Program in a high-risk community in San Francisco. This ambitious project required knowledge of racial and class challenges and the way I approached it was to say: I am here to learn about you and your community. In the first six months, I sat in the classrooms and met with the director on a weekly basis. What follows is what I learned and how I think our mental health team was effective in having a strong therapeutic impact on the school environment, the teaching staff, and the families. By the third year of the project, the school environment was transformed into a growth-promoting, good-enough caregiving environment where attachment relationships developed between the children and the teaching staff. This model of early childhood mental health intervention/prevention in a high-risk community can be replicated in other public preschool settings. Even though, initially, this model requires significant funding, in the long run it is an economically advisable way to prevent a significant number of at-risk children from ending up in special ed programs or in the juvenile court system at great cost to the community and state.

Trauma-Informed Court

Trauma-informed practices recognize the widespread impact of trauma on individuals and the need to deliver services that avoid re-traumatization. In the context of the mainstream court system, trauma-informed care is crucial for ensuring that individuals who have experienced trauma are treated with compassion and understanding. Trauma-informed care can help court officials recognize the signs and symptoms of trauma, including the triggers that can cause individuals to experience distress, anxiety, or other mental health challenges, and take steps to address those triggers. The purpose of this research is to map the degree and extent of trauma-informed practices in two judicial districts within the criminal and juvenile court systems in Kansas. By mapping the results, we identified areas where trauma-informed practices are already being implemented effectively, as well as gaps and need for improvements. This information can be used to develop targeted interventions to increase the implementation of trauma-informed care practices throughout the criminal and juvenile justice systems.

Juvenile Justice and Women's Clubs: Ogden as a Case Study

Juvenile Justice and Women's Clubs: Ogden as a Case Study

Training in Person Centered Trauma Informed Care: A Strategy to Enhance Care Delivery in Older Trauma Survivors

Person Centered Trauma Informed Care (PCTIC) is a form of care delivery that was developed over the last few decades to improve the ability of institutions and organization to provide sensitive care to survivors of trauma. Most of the research in the field of PCTIC and its implementation was conducted with young adults in the foster care and juvenile court system, with women survivors of sexual violence and in long term institutional settings for the chronically mentally ill. Very little attentions was paid to the needs of older adults until about 5 years ago, when several grants were funded to support the work of agencies providing services to ageing Holcaust Survivors with the aim to implement the delivery of care according to the PCTIC model. The Division of Geriatric Psychiatry at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, NY has been involved in training staff on this model of care delivery and on the interface of trauma care and geriatric syndrome for several years. The current presentation focuses on the development of a series of curricula and lectures specifically aimed at increasing the overall level of competence of the general medical practitioners in the delivery of PCTIC to older adults. This was accomplished both by training the staff of a community mental health clinic and by developing ongoing curricula to deliver to medical students and residents.

Preliminary findings on TBI knowledge of professionals working with justice-involved youth

Professionals working with justice-involved youth (JIYs) play a critical role in identifying and providing supports and services related to traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to better understand the knowledge of TBI of professionals working with JIYs, a research priority identified by the National Conference of State Legislatures. Fifty employees of an urban juvenile court system completed an online survey about their TBI knowledge. Respondents scored an average of 77.31% correct, yet patterns emerged in item responses and based on participant characteristics that indicate opportunities for training and education on TBI. The results of this preliminary study provide foundational evidence on TBI knowledge of professionals working with JIYs, inform future TBI-related trainings and education provided to professionals working with JIYs, and inform other practices and policies related to JIYs with TBI.

“Who’s Out There?” Modeling Innovation in Juvenile Justice Through a Campus-Community Partnership

While a traditional approach to juvenile justice in the United States proscribes punishment based on a young person’s offense, innovative juvenile courts across the country are developing a more individualized approach based on assessed risk of reoffending. Treating juvenile justice as an opportunity to participate in the holistic development of youth is time and resource intensive, and models for implementation are needed. This case study uses the theoretical frameworks of cross-sector collaboration and social justice leadership to examine how one juvenile court system in the southern United States partnered with a university service-learning program and nonprofit organizations in the community to implement a matrix of services for addressing assessed needs in their court.

(De)criminalization of Survivors of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Social Work Call to Action.

Survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) are failing to be identified and are frequently criminalized. Examining the linkages between DMST and the juvenile legal system is important, as many trafficked youths are only identified after entry into the child welfare or juvenile court system as a result of being arrested or detained on related delinquency charges. Due to legacies of structural violence, marginalized youths are reluctant to approach police officers for help. Therefore, social workers have an opportunity to identify, intervene, and advocate for trafficked youths. In this article, the author provides an overview of existing research related to the demographic profile of DMST, homelessness and survival sex, recruitment and entry, barriers to effective community response, and prevention and intervention strategies. This article represents a call to broaden our view of young people in the sex trade and supports the decriminalization of trafficked youths. Interventions and policies must be designed to fit their complex needs and experiences, resulting in empowerment, opportunity, and new beginnings.

Youth and the Juvenile Court System: A Community Foundation’s Commitment to Integrating Voice and Community Expertise

The staggeringly disproportionate numbers of youth of color in the juvenile court system in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, compelled the Pittsburgh Foundation to launch the Youth Voices Juvenile Justice Pilot project. The initiative sought to learn from youth who have firsthand knowledge of the juvenile court system and from those at risk of such an experience in order to inform the foundation’s efforts to improve outcomes for youth.

Reimagining Youth Justice: How the Dual Crises of COVID-19 and Racial Injustice Inform Judicial Policymaking and Reform.

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the rejuvenated movement for racial justice in 2020 have presented an opportunity to reimagine the roles, practices, and policies of juvenile and family court systems actors. In order to capture contemporary ideas about judicial practice and policy reforms, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Hon. Edwina Mendelson, Deputy Chief Administrative Judge for the Office of Justice Initiatives in New York State, and Hon. Steven Teske, Chief Judge of the Juvenile Court of Clayton County, Georgia. These interviews yielded several recommendations for judicial reform in youth justice (e.g., implement court‐wide procedural justice practices, improve accessibility using technology). These recommendations can be used by systems actors across the country, particularly those interested in adapting their courtroom practices for a post‐pandemic world.

Sentencing for Minors in Sexual Abuse Cases

Sexual abuse is committed not only by adults but also by minors. The legal process upon children who have committed sexual abuse refers to the Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Court System. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors to be considered by the panel of judges in imposing penalty upon the perpetrators. The study employs both normative and empirical approaches. It is found with regard to the liability issue, the panel of judges relies on both juridical and non- juridical consideration. In sexual abuse case that was tried in Kebumen District Court, beside imposing imprisonment, the panel of judges also ordered the perpetrators to undergo work training as a substitute of fine.

Accelerating the conceptual use of behavioral health research in juvenile court decision-making: study protocol

BackgroundThe youth criminal-legal system is under heavy political scrutiny with multiple calls for significant transformation. Leaders within the system are faced with rethinking traditional models and are likely to benefit from behavioral health research evidence as they redesign systems. Little is known about how juvenile court systems access and use behavioral health research evidence; further, the field lacks a validated survey measure of behavioral health research use that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of evidence dissemination interventions for policy and system leaders. Conceptual research use is a particularly salient construct for system reform as it describes the process of shifting awareness and the consideration of new frameworks for action. A tool designed to measure the conceptual use of behavioral health research would advance the field’s ability to develop effective models of research evidence dissemination, including collaborative planning models to support the use of behavioral health research in reforms of the criminal-legal system.MethodsThe ARC Study is a longitudinal, cohort and measurement validation study. It will proceed in two phases. The first phase will focus on measure development using established methods of construct validity (theoretical review, Delphi methods for expert review, cognitive interviewing). The second phase will involve gathering responses from the developed survey to examine scale psychometrics using Rasch analyses, change sensitivity analyses, and associations between research use exposure and conceptual research use among juvenile court leaders. We will recruit juvenile court leaders (judges, administrators, managers, supervisors) from 80 juvenile court jurisdictions with an anticipated sample size of n = 520 respondents.DiscussionThe study will introduce a new measurement tool for the field that will advance implementation science methods for the study of behavioral health research evidence use in complex policy and decision-making interventions. To date, there are few validated survey measures of conceptual research use and no measures that are validated for measuring change in conceptual frameworks over time among agency leaders. While the study is most directly related to leaders in the youth criminal-legal system, the findings are expected to be informative for research focused on leadership and decision-making in diverse fields.

Developmental and Life Course Criminology in Discretionary Judicial Waivers

The current research, using qualitative methodology and grounded theory analysis for model building, examines if and how juvenile court judges draw from developmental and life course criminology (DLC) in discretionary judicial waivers. This study develops three progressive models, emerging from interviews with juvenile court judges from two large Southern states (N = 30), that demonstrate how principles related to the three developmental stages of offending (activation, escalation, and desistance) from DLC theories shape judges’ considerations of each of the three Kent factors (dangerousness, treatment amenability, sophistication-maturity) used to weigh juvenile transfer via discretionary judicial waivers. This work suggests that judges think about juvenile transfer cautiously and as a strategy that should only affect individual juveniles identified by judges as “persisters” and that drawing from DLC principles appears to foster a generally rehabilitative jurisprudential philosophy for judges in the juvenile court system.

Exploring an Unexamined Source of Racial Disparities in Juvenile Court Involvement: Unexcused Absenteeism Policies in U.S. Schools

This two-part study explored whether discrimination encoded into U.S. school absenteeism policies leads to racially minoritized students being overrepresented in the juvenile court system. First, we examined unexcused absenteeism policies in a nationally representative school district sample ( n = 97). All districts excused absences for reasons White students often miss school but not necessarily for reasons racially minoritized students do. Next, in three school districts we documented large racial disparities in both the proportion of absences designated unexcused (Whites 13%, Asians 18%, Hispanics 21%, Blacks 24%, and American Indians 24%) and risk of court petition for truancy, even after accounting for the total number of absences: Whites hazard ratio (HR) = 1.0; Asians HR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.98, 1.36]; Hispanics HR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.34, 1.92]; Blacks HR = 2.17, 95% CI [1.88, 2.50]; and American Indians HR = 3.94, 95% CI [3.12, 4.97]. Disproportionality in unexcused absenteeism fully explained the Hispanic/White and partially explained the Black/White and American Indian/White court petition disparities.

DIVERSION AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA'S JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>This study aims to find out and analyze: Regulation and implementation of diversion and restorative justice according to Law Number 11 of 2012 regarding Juvenile Court System, as well the obstacles encountered in implementing diversion and restorative justice in the Regency and City of Bogor. The method used in this study is normative juridical legal research method that is a legal research method which prioritizes secondary data (study of library materials) consisting of: primary, secondary, and tertiary law materials. The study result reveals that diversion and restorative justice as regulated inLaw Number 11 of 2012 regarding Juvenile Court System has been in accordance juridically with International Instrument, such as </span><span>The Beijing Rules</span><span>, new theories in the field of Juvenile Laws and Juvenile Court System, also International Instrument (</span><span>ECOSOC Resolution </span><span>1987/57). </span></p></div></div></div>

CRIMINAL COURT SYSTEM FOR JUVENILE CRIMINAL OFFENDER IN INDONESIA AND THE STRUGGLE FOR ACCESS TO JUSTICE

The criminal law system of Indonesia formed a special court system for children criminals. This system is determined by considering that juvenile has distinguishing factors than adult that drive them to conduct criminality. Those can be analyzed based on psychological and sociological factors. The main purpose is to secure access for justice towards children criminality. However, provisions in Juvenile Court System law still have weaknesses that will endanger the access of justice. Therefore, in the enforcement aspects, that inclusivity is often being abandoned. This research is interdisciplinary by using normative-empirical method and qualitative method. Normative-empirical is analyzing on legal instrument using statute approach and also using primary data taken from interview. Qualitative method is a method that holistically describes a phenomenon by analyzing the quality of relations, situations, and other materials. This research analyzed on the inclusivity of juvenile delinquents that has affected the law making process by constituting special court system for children, then criticizing on how poor the law being constituted and then affecting the enforcement. Law enforcers have awareness on prioritizing restorative justice as mandated by the Law. But there is a structural problem among the realization of it. The law enforcement needs to be improved both in the substantial aspect and attributive aspect.