Junior High School Graduates Research Articles

The Impact of Introducing Scientific Calculators to Junior High School Graduates on Their Academic Performance in Mathematics

Scientific calculators are commonly and widely used tools in senior high schools, offering students the ability to perform mathematical calculations faster and more efficiently. This study aimed to investigate the Impact of Scientific Calculators usage on Junior High School graduates Performance in Mathematics. The study was purely quantitative hence data was collected through survey questionnaires and a mathematics achievement test. The study's accessible population size and sample size consisted of 280 and 162 respectively. The sample of 162 students was selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, a simple linear regression model, and a paired sample t-test. The study found a significant difference in students' test scores before and after the use of scientific calculators, t (162) = 17.199, p < .001, leading to a rejection of the null hypothesis. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between calculator usage and students' achievement test scores, F (162) = 24.614; p < .001. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the Ghana Education Service consider allowing and granting permission to schools to incorporate the use of scientific calculators into the teaching and learning of mathematics at the junior high level. This would enhance students' mathematics learning and academic performance. Furthermore, teachers at the senior high school level should introduce enrolled junior high school graduates in Form One to the proper and efficient use of scientific calculators. Students should be taught how to use calculators to solve simple mathematical questions, which would facilitate effective teaching and learning of mathematics

Association of socioeconomic status with unintended pregnancy and induced abortion in married couples: An analysis of the 2021 national survey data in Japan

BackgroundAn association of the major indicators of socioeconomic status with unintended pregnancy and induced abortion in married couples has not been investigated in Japan, and we investigated it using recent nationwide survey data in Japan. MethodsData from the National Fertility Survey in 2021 in Japan, which evaluated the outcomes and intentions of previous pregnancies in married couples, were used. Number of unintended pregnancies, induced abortions, and unintended pregnancies ending in induced abortion were used as outcomes, and the number of unintended pregnancies ending in induced abortion was analyzed among couples who experienced an unintended pregnancy. Associations with current educational attainment, employment status, and household income were investigated using Poisson regression analysis. A complete-case analysis was conducted for dealing with missing data, as well as an analysis using multiple imputation. ResultsAverage number of unintended pregnancy and induced abortion per pregnancy of junior high school graduates was the highest among educational attainments of wives and husbands. The adjusted regression analysis showed that junior high school graduate in husbands was significantly associated with higher number of unintended pregnancies and induced abortions, regardless of the missing data analysis methods. In addition, high school or training school graduate in husbands was significantly associated with higher number of induced abortions. A significant association between socioeconomic status and the unintended pregnancy ending in induced abortion was not observed. ConclusionThis study showed that a lower educational attainment in husband was associated with higher number of unintended pregnancies and induced abortions in Japan.

Lifestyle and risk of developing myopia in school children in Chongqing, China.

Myopia has emerged as a leading global reason for poor vision in children and adolescents. this study aims to investigate the influence of lifestyles on myopia in schoolchildren in Chongqing, China. This cross-sectional study was conducted on primary and junior high school graduates in Chongqing City, China. Students who came to the assigned hospital for the physical examination of their upgrade school enrollment were recruited. In addition to regular examination and eyeusing questionnaire, visual acuity and non-cycloplegic autorefraction were measured. Of all 1806 eligible students, 1,623 students (89.87%) were included in the analysis. The prevalence of myopia in elementary and junior middle school graduates was 73.1 and 81.8%, respectively. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, 1 h more homework (OR = 1.272, p = 0.032), attending out-school courses (OR = 1.973, p = 0.006), frequently checking of eyes (OR = 1.337, p = 0.015) and using eye-protecting lamp (OR = 2.528, p < 0.001) were more likely to be associated with myopia (p < 0.05). While 1 h more outdoor activity in weekday (OR = 0.811, p = 0.033) and weekend (OR = 0.796, p = 0.034) were less likely to have myopia. The current prevalence of myopia among elementary and junior high school students in Chongqing is high. Academic pressures, bad habits of using eyes, and limited time for outdoor activity mainly contribute to the epidemic of myopia. Various policies in and out of schools related to reducing academic pressures, increasing outdoor activities, and improving eye habits may help control the prevalence of myopia in teenagers.

Income, Education, Age, Rural or Urban Living and Work Sector for Generation Z Women in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Generation Z is the generation born between 1997 and 2012. The characteristics of women's income, education, place of residence and work sector are very important to study because they can influence economic development, especially in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the socio-economic problems of Generation Z women who work in each sector, both formal and informal sectors in West Nusa Tenggara. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis using data from SAKERNAS in August 2023. The number of Generation Z women used in this research is 398 women who work in West Nusa Tenggara. The results of this research found that Generation Z women in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia mostly work in the formal sector, namely 59.55%, while most of their income is in the range of less than the Regional Minimum Wage for West Nusa Tenggara Province. Most of the Generation Z women in West Nusa Tenggara are junior high school graduates and the majority live in the urban areas, namely 59.80%. This research provides a broad picture of the socio-economic dynamics of Generation Z women in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Pengaruh Progressive Muscle Relaxation terhadap Tingkat Insomnia pada Lansia di Panti Wredha Maria Sudarsih

Abstract Background: The elderly experience many changes that cause sleep pattern disturbances, namely insomnia. The technique used to treat insomnia nonpharmacologically is progressive muscle relaxation. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on insomnia level of the elderly at Panti Wredha Maria Sudarsih. This study is quantitative research using pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. The study was conducted in Panti Wredha Maria Sudarsih. The time of the study was conducted in April 2023-March 2024. Methods: Data collection methods are using interview, questionnaire, observation, and documentation. The number of samples was 27 respondents. The instrument used to measure insomnia level is the insomnia severity index. Progressive muscle relaxation is carried out for 20-30 minutes per session with a frequency of 3 times a week for 8 therapy sessions. The data analysis technique used paired sample t-test. The majority of the sample is old elderly with an age range of 75-90 years (63,0%), don’t have comorbidities (51,9%), and have educational levels, namely no school, junior high school graduate, and high school graduate (25,9%). Results: The results of data analysis obtained t=13,454, p=0,000. Conclusion: There is an effect of providing progressive muscle relaxation on insomnia level of the elderly at Panti Wredha Maria Sudarsih. Therefore, progressive muscle relaxation techniques are recommended in the elderly to reduce the level of insomnia. Keywords: Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Insomnia Level, Elderly

Older Adults’ Knowledge of Geriatric Depression and Its Related Factors

IntroductionEven though depression is a severe health issue among older adults, few studies have explored their knowledge of geriatric depression.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore older adults’ knowledge of geriatric depression and its related factors.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted. Older adults were recruited by convenience from outpatient clinics of three hospitals in Taiwan.ResultsA total of 327 older adults participated in this study. Their mean score of knowledge was 7.73 (SD=2.12, Range=2-12) on an 18-item knowledge scale, indicating poor knowledge of geriatric depression. Females had significantly higher geriatric depression knowledge scores than males (t=2.50, p=0.01). Junior and senior high school graduates had significantly higher geriatric depression knowledge scores than illiterate and primary school graduates (F=10.23, p&lt;0.01). In addition, their geriatric depression knowledge scores also differed by religious belief (F=4.91, p&lt;0.01), living status (F=8.64, p&lt;0.01), and perceived health condition (F=8.81, p&lt;0.01). Buddhists had significantly higher geriatric depression knowledge scores than Taoists. Living with partners and perceiving their health status as fair and good tended to have higher geriatric knowledge scores than their counterparts. However, their geriatric depression knowledge scores did not significantly correlate with their mean scores of social distance toward older adults with depression.ConclusionsOlder adults tended to have poor geriatric depression knowledge. Improving their knowledge shall be an urgent task. Our results may serve as references for developing further depression prevention.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Adolescent girls' and young mothers' knowledge and use of antenatal care in the Ahafo Region, Ghana: A cross-sectional study.

Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial to reducing maternal and neonatal deaths, but few studies examined adolescent girls' and young women's ANC utilisation and knowledge in Ghana. To assess adolescents' and young mothers' knowledge of ANC, utilisation and factors influencing its use in Ghana. Tano North Municipality, Ahafo Region. This community-based, cross-sectional study involved 440 adolescent and young mothers (between 10 and 24 years). A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data face-to-face. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed, andp 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 440 respondents, most were aged 20-24 years (61.2%), married (30.0%), Christians (78.2%), completed junior high school (JHS) (47.8%) and traders (38.9%). Postnatal mothers were 71.6% (315), and all had utilised ANC services. Antenatal care knowledge was good among 75% (330) respondents, with no significant variation by age. Religion influenced knowledge, with Muslims having lower knowledge. Antenatal care utilisation was high ( 50%) among those aged 15-19 years, married, Christians, JHS graduates and traders. Age, marital status and employment type significantly influenced ANC utilisation. Individuals in the age group 15-19 years and married women demonstrated higher odds of utilising ANC services. Casual workers and unemployed respondents were found to have lower odds of utilising ANC services compared to traders. Age, marital status, and employment type influenced ANC utilisation in the Ahafo Region. Adolescent mothers under 15 years had lower rates, requiring targeted interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes.Contribution:This study highlights the knowledge and factors influencing ANC use in Ahafo Region and adds to the existing research evidence on ANC.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in South Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Korean population. Methods In this cross-sectional study based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017–2020) data 13,737 participants aged ≥ 40 years with assessable fundus images were included. The prevalence and risk factors of AMD were evaluated. The prevalence of early AMD, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD were also assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors. Results The prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of AMD was 13.94% (13.15–14.72). The prevalence (95% CI) of early AMD, GA, and neovascular AMD was 13.07% (12.29–13.85), 0.26% (0.17–0.35), and 0.61% (0.47–0.75), respectively. The prevalence increased with age; it was 3.61%, 11.33%, 20.31%, 31.37%, and 33.98% in participants in their 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, and ≥ 80 years, respectively. In multivariate analysis, AMD was positively associated with older age (p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07–1.09), male sex (p = 0.014; OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05–1.53), and lower degree of education (p < 0.001; OR, 1.36 (for junior high school graduates); 95% CI, 1.12–1.65). Conclusions AMD was detected in approximately one-third of individuals aged ≥ 70 years, thus indicating that AMD is a common disease among older Koreans. Regular fundus examinations in populations with risk factors for AMD as well as education on methods to prevent or delay AMD progression, such as the Mediterranean diet, are necessary.

Utilization of Health Services by Stunting Families in Tasikmalaya

Stunting is a national issue that attracts a lot of attention. Several factors are the cause of stunting in Indonesia, namely: bad parenting, including deficit knowledge about health and nutrition before and during pregnancy and after the mother gives birth; limited health services, including ANC-Ante Natal Care services (health services for mothers during pregnancy); Post Natal Care and quality early learning: deficit nutrition; and difficulty accessing clean water and sanitation.Aim: The research aims to describe the utilization of health services by families with stunting and the factors that influence it. Methods:This research design is quantitative with descriptive methods. The population was families with stunting in the Sukamulya Village area, namely 18 people. The sampling technique is total sampling. Data collection is done directly using the univariate data analysis technique. Results:The results showed that 44.4% of families with stunting did not use health services for treatment, and 22.2% of families with stunted toddlers rarely used posyandu services. Predisposing characteristic factors that influence visits to health services in this study are age &gt; 35 years and junior high school graduates. Conclusion:In this study, the characteristic factor that influences the ability to visit health services is that the majority of family income is &lt;UMR (unit market reference), and 38.9% do not have health insurance. The factor that influenced visits to health services in this study showed that 61.2% of families with stunting had a negative perception of stunting, such as the perception that stunting was not a serious problem that did not require immediate action.

Analysis of Indonesia’s Human Resource Development

Lack of human resource skills and low educational attainment are still problems related to human resources in Indonesia. According to the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), which represents 258,000 members in more than 165 countries, one of the main challenges for Indonesian human resources today is competition. They believe that the demand for qualified and trained human resources throughout the world has increased, but productivity and quality of human resources are still very low at present. In Indonesia itself, data shows that the number of workers has a low level of education. The Central Statistics Agency noted that Indonesia’s working population will reach 139.85 million people in August 2023. Based on their level of education, the domestic working population is dominated by elementary school graduates and below, the number reached 51.49 million people or contributed 36.82% of the total working population in the country. Then there were 24.85 million junior high school graduate workers, or 17.77%. Meanwhile, the working population with high school graduates is 28.33 million people or accounts for 20.25%. Meanwhile, 17.33 million Indonesian workers are vocational school graduates. The proportion reached 12.40%. Meanwhile, the population of university graduates is recorded at 14.44 million people, or 10.32% of the total working population nationally. Lastly, the number of workers graduating from Diploma I/II/III is the lowest, namely only 3.41 million people or 2.44%. Education level can indicate the quality and productivity of the workforce. According to the scope of work, the majority of the working population in Indonesia works in the informal sector, namely 59.11%. Meanwhile, the other 40.89% work in the formal sector. Because most human resources have limited skills and a low level of education, it will be difficult to increase the productivity and quality of human resources to compete. In the current era of advanced technology and industrialization, human resources are needed who can develop, think more advanced and are able to adapt to the times. The quality of human resources is the key to the country’s future success. Superior and competitive human resources mean that Indonesia is treated equally and respected by other countries. The quality of Indonesia’s human resources is still weak, therefore training and development needs to be carried out to improve quality. This research aims to analyze human resource development in Indonesia. Data was analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research show that Indonesian human resources have developed through education and training. This can be improved in order to achieve increased quality of human resources.

Preliminary Study on the Evaluation Methodologies of Junior High School Music Academic Performance

The junior high school music academic entrance examination holds significant importance in the context of the new curriculum reform, serving as a pivotal instrument for implementing the "General Plan for Deepening the Reform of Educational Evaluation in the New Era" and the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Aesthetic Education in the New Era," issued by the General Office of the State Council. As frontline educators, it is imperative to adeptly navigate the impending junior high school art subject entrance examination by acquiring evaluation knowledge and mastering scientifically sound assessment methods. Recognizing this urgency, the author secured approval for the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" project in Shaanxi Province in 2018, titled "Research on the Unified Music Examination Methods for Junior High School Graduation in Shaanxi Province." This research primarily delves into the grading criteria outlined in the "Music Curriculum Standards" for compulsory education, exploring the knowledge points, question types, weights, and evaluation methods. The findings represent a culmination of in-depth practical exploration, offering valuable insights for educators and stakeholders. These operational research results are shared here for reference purposes only.

Multi-stakeholder Collaboration In Improving the Quality of Local Human Resources in Super-Priority Tourism Destination Labuan Bajo Manggarai Regency

Objective: This research aims to explore the dynamics of collaboration between stakeholders and the strategies implemented by a combination of stakeholders in improving the quality of local human resources in Labuan Bajo, West Manggarai Regency. Theoretical Framework: Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics for 2021 and 2022 regarding West Manggarai Regency shows a labor force of 158,269, 150,499 employed, and 7,770 unemployed. 4.91% of the people are unemployed. Local human resources who are working: 59% are elementary school graduates,13% are junior high school graduates, 15% are high school graduates, and 13% are University graduates. As many as 64.71% work in the agricultural sector. There are 164 villages, five sub-districts, and 94 tourism villages. Strong collaboration between stakeholders is needed to empower local communities. The right strategy can accelerate the improvement of the quality of local human resources. Realizing a sustainable destination requires the involvement of local communities. Method: This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were conducted using in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study. The sample selection technique uses purposive sampling. Results: Stakeholders empowering local communities are academics, the tourism industry, NGOs, community groups, central and regional governments, and the media. The challenges faced in stakeholder collaboration are a lack of understanding of the concept of sustainable super premium tourism destination, the pros and cons between stakeholders regarding tourism development direction policies, and the lack of digital infrastructure in villages. The joint stakeholder strategy in building local human resources is implemented by strengthening local human resources to improve the economy, strengthening local human resources through education and training, building local human resources to care about the environment and culture, empowering human resources in tourism villages, and strengthening human resources in the Regional Government and Komodo National Park Center. Conclusion: Labuan Bajo Flores Tourism Authority (BPOLBP) is the leading actor in building stakeholder collaboration. Strong collaboration between stakeholders and the right strategy is needed to improve the quality of human resources. The involvement of local human resources helps the sustainability of tourist destinations. Originality/Value: The unique value of this research is 1). Strong involvement of central government in empowering local communities. 2). A joint stakeholder strategy to improve the quality of local human resources to participate in the development of premium tourism.

CIPP-Based Evaluation of the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Program at SMP Khadijah Surabaya

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which the tahfidz program at Khadijah Junior High School is planned, how the learning method is implemented effectively, and the impact on its output so that the profile of Khadijah Junior High School graduates can be said to be successful in becoming huffadz. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach, data collection techniques through observation methods and interviews with the Vice Principal for curriculum, tahfidz teachers and students of SMP Khadijah. The CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model in the context of this research is to explore the extent of the targets or goals, plans, actions and graduates of the tahfidz program at Khadijah Junior High School. The results of this study prove that; 1) Context evaluation, shows that this program has quality and quantity targets set in the strategic plan of the Khadijah foundation, 2) Input evaluation, Tahfidz program is planned systemically with clear and detailed planning. 3) Process evaluation, tahfidz learning activities are well organized, organized by the division of tahfidz classes tailored to the competence of students' Al-Qur'an reading, 4). Product Evaluation, Khadijah Junior High School graduates exceed the strategic plan target. Challenges that need to be considered in this tahfidz program include motivating students to be interested in participating in the tahfidz program and clarity of memorization targets.

Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Rendahnya Minat Wanita Usia Subur Dalam Penggunaan KB Intrauterine Device

Family planning is a government program to limit the birth rate. One of them is the use of effective contraceptives Intra Uterine Device (IUD), but in general in Central Kalimantan the demand for contraceptives is very low, especially in the working area of the Timpah Health Center. The purpose of the study was to analyze factors associated with the low interest of women of childbearing age in the use of Intra Uterine Device contraceptives at UPT Puskesmas Timpah. The method used is quantitative research with a cross sectional design. The data collection instrument uses questionnaires taken with Total Sampling techniques. The respondents were women of childbearing age. The results of the study of women of childbearing age on IUD birth control were obtained by 11 respondents having moderate interest (55%), knowledge level less than 23 respondents (57.5%), low parity &lt; 2 children as many as 30 people (75%), elementary / junior high school graduate education 24 people (60%), husbands did not support 28 people (70%). The results of the chi-square test on Fisher Exact p-value obtained knowledge with interest p = 0.432, parity with interest p = 1,000, education with interest p = 0.407, husband support with interest p = 1,000.

Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis TDBA dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Lulusan yang Kreatif dan Inovatif

The implementation of Tatanen-based character development at Bale Atikan is expected to be able to produce graduates with noble character. The purpose of this research is to analyze TDBA-based character education management in improving the quality of creative and innovative junior high school graduates using qualitative methods. In this case, the population in this study are school principals, school committees, teachers, education personnel, student representatives and parent/guardian representatives. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research subjects were part of the population at SMPN 10 Purwakarta, SMPN 2 Pasawahan, and SMPN 3 Purwakarta. The results of the study revealed that (1) character program planning in these three schools focused on long and medium term development plans, with vision, mission, and clear goals; (2) the implementation of character development refers to a curriculum that supports the school's vision and mission; (3) TDBA-based character education management evaluation is carried out effectively, involving all components in planning, implementation, and evaluation; (4) obstacles in implementing character education involve internal and external factors; (5) efforts to overcome obstacles involve the provision of facilities and infrastructure, teacher training, and improvement of character education management; (6) TDBA-based character education in the three schools produced a positive impact, including improving students' academic results, skills, and attitudes.

Implementation of the X-Means Algorithm on Unemployment Data in West Java

The unemployment rate is a serious issue in many countries, including Indonesia, with impacts that encompass psychological pressure, declining living standards, reduced national income, and diminished workforce quality. High unemployment rates can lead to poverty, resource wastage, and have implications for a country's economic growth. Additionally, inadequate workforce quality is a determining factor in unemployment rates. The objective of this study is to classify unemployment data, specifically in West Java Province, using the X-Means algorithm based on educational levels and districts/cities, in order to examine the fluctuations in unemployment. The research findings indicate fluctuations in the number of unemployed individuals in West Java Province from 2011 to 2022. The low unemployment rate in West Java Province experienced a 66.7% increase in 2014-2015, remained stable in 2017-2019, while the high unemployment rate decreased by 80% in 2014-2015, remained stable in 2017-2019, but increased by 20% in 2020-2022. Furthermore, Bogor Regency consistently recorded the highest unemployment rate in each cluster, with a total of 135,000 unemployed individuals in Bogor Regency in 2017-2019, while the education level with the highest unemployment rate was junior high school graduates

PEMBERDAYAAN ANAK PUTUS SEKOLAH MELALUI OPTIMALISASI PKBM DI DESA BATU BERIGA

One of the problems in Batu Beriga Village is the problem of education. From the educational statistics for the Batu Beriga village community, the highest number of graduates of 517 was elementary school graduates, then 342 junior high school graduates and 280 high school graduates. And also data on dropouts in Batu Beriga village were 10 elementary school dropouts, 15 junior high school dropouts, and 15 people dropped out of high school. The twelve-year compulsory education program with the policies and programs of the Student Operational Assistance (BOS) and the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) set by the government. Therefore, knowledge about the importance of education and PKBM will be given to out-of-school children in Batu Beriga village with an Inspirational Talk Show on Strengthening Educational Motivation for Dropout Children to collect data on children's interest in participating in PKBM, and registering children to take part in PKBM. The method used is the counseling method with the preparation and licensing stages, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. Overall, this community service activity went very well and was conducive. All participants who attended calmly followed the whole activity. Until the completion of the presentation of the material by the speaker, all participants listened carefully. There were 7 school dropouts who enrolled in PKBM.

Association between infant mortality and parental educational level: An analysis of data from Vital Statistics and Census in Japan.

This study investigated the association between parental educational level and infant mortality using data from Vital Statistics and Census in Japan. We used the Census data in 2020 and birth and mortality data from the Vital Statistics from 2018 to 2021 in Japan. Data linkage was conducted between birth data and the Census to link the educational level with parents for birth data and between the birth data and mortality data to identify births that resulted in infant mortality. Four educational levels were compared: "junior high school," "high school," "technical school or junior college," and "university." A multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate an association between parental educational level and infant mortality using other risk factors as covariates. After the data linkage, data on 890,682 births were analyzed. The proportion of junior high school or high school graduates was higher among fathers and mothers for births with infant mortality compared with that among those for births without infant mortality; in contrast, the proportion of university graduates was lower for births with infant mortality than those without infant mortality. Regression analysis showed that mothers with junior high school or high school graduates were significantly and positively associated with infant mortality compared with those with university graduates. As a conclusion, lower educational level in mothers was positively associated with infant mortality, and it was shown that a difference in infant mortality depending on parental educational level existed in Japan.

Window dressing in the public sector: Evidence from China’s compulsory education promotion program

We analyze the window-dressing behavior of China’s local governments throughout the 1990s, when they were required to fulfill compulsory education targets imposed by the central government. County officials faced severe negative career consequences if they failed to fulfill these targets. We found that county-level education expenditures increased progressively as the pre-specified inspection period drew near but decreased dramatically after the inspection. This phenomenon was interpreted as evidence of the window-dressing behavior of county governments. Further analysis suggests that local officials with longer tenure and who were thus closer to promotion evaluations tended to engage in more aggressively window-dressing. Window-dressing behavior generates real consequences for school-age teenagers: those exposed to local governments’ window-dressing behavior recorded considerably lower junior high school graduation rates and poorer labor market outcomes later in life.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE IMBALANCED DATA METHOD ON INCREASING THE CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY OF THE MACHINE LEARNING HYBRID METHOD

This study analyzes the performance of hybrid methods in improving accuracy on imbalanced data using Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Case Data from 2017 to 2021 in Bandung City. The attributes used in this study consist of Total Population, Total Male, Elementary School Graduation, Junior High School Graduation, High School Graduation, College Graduation, Rainfall, Average Temperature, Humidity, Male Cases, Number of Cases, and Class. This research combines five Machine Learning methods, such as Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Naïve Bayes. Hybrid Methods used in this research are Voting and Stacking methods. The oversampling methods used to handle imbalanced data in this study are Random Oversampling and Adasyn. The results show that Voting and Stacking without Random Oversampling and Adasyn get the same accuracy of 88,88%. While using Random Oversampling, voting gets an accuracy of 95,37% and stacking gets an accuracy of 96,29%. While using Adasyn, voting gets an accuracy of 94,44% and stacking gets an accuracy of 97,22%. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the Random Oversampling and Adasyn Method can improve the performance of the Machine Learning hybrid method on imbalanced data. The contribution of this research is to provide information on the study and analysis of the implementation of the Random Oversampling and Adasyn methods in improving the performance of the Voting and Stacking methods in hybrid classification.