Jules Dejerine Research Articles

A hiatus in the rivalry between Pierre Marie and Jules Dejerine: a collaborative study on sensory disorders by Andre Pierre Marie and Gustave Roussy.

Personal and professional rivalries involving prominent neurologists mark the history of nineteenth-century French neurology. One of the great examples is the feud between Pierre Marie and Jules Dejerine. The dispute between the two, nevertheless, did not prevent Pierre Marie's son, André Marie, and Gustave Roussy - one of Dejerine's favorite pupils, from collaborating on significant research that led to the doctoral dissertation by Andre Marie regarding sensory disturbances associated with painful hemiagnosia found in thalamic lesions.

Dejerine and Klumpke: An Homage to Relationship and Partnership in Neurology (P4-3.009)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Provide historical homage to Drs. Jule Dejerine and Augusta Klumpke by outlining their neurologic contributions, and revealing how their unique partnership fostered neurologic discovery, community, and inclusivity. <h3>Background:</h3> Augusta Dejerine Klumpke (1859–1927) and Jules Joseph Dejerine (1849–1917) represent a powerful partnership, brought together by neuroscience, solidified in marriage, and cemented in their legacy of neurologic contributions. This paper summarizes the history of Dejerine and Klumpke’s serendipitous relationship developed at work and how their partnership catalyzed advances to the field of neurology. We then raise the larger question of whether workplace relationships should remain taboo or even become more encouraged in medicine. We bring to light other successful neurologic partnerships for comparison. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Not applicable. <h3>Results:</h3> Drs. Jules Dejerine and Augusta Klumpke were a married couple who both significantly contributed to the history of medicine and neurology beyond the commonly used eponyms related to their discoveries. Dejerine rose to the highest prominence in the field of neurology during his time and contributed to establishing the foundation of our current understanding of clinical neurology with the likes of Charcot, and Klumpke was the first female intern in a Paris hospital. Dr. Klumpke and Dejerine used to host neurologists and research collaborators at their home regularly. Their partnership and the way in which it promoted discovery and community enabled synergistic and exponential impact. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Drs. Dejerine and Klumpke relationship and collaborations have no doubt made a positive impact on the future of neurology, and through historical review may serve as a healthy model for scientific collaboration within relationships. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Crissinger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dobson has nothing to disclose.

Commémoration des connections neurologiques franco-britanniques entre 1860 et 1920

We review interactions between British and French Neurologists from the birth of this discipline in the 1860s to the early 20th century. First connections include Robert Bentley Todd and Thomas Clifford Albutt in England and Armand Trousseau and Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne in France. During the 1860–80 years, Jean-Martin Charcot in Paris created the Salpetriere school of neurology. In London, the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic was founded in Queen's Square in 1860 with Charles Brown-Sequard as a first physician. Hughlings Jackson (1862), Russell Reynolds (1863), later William Gowers (1873) and David Ferrier (1880), all influenced French Neurology. Charcot investigated paralysis agitans and named it Parkinson's disease. He emphasized the contribution of Jackson to aphasia and epilepsy. Charcot travelled frequently to Great-Britain, especially to the annual meetings of the British Medical Association. He and other French physicians interacted with British colleagues at the International Congress in London in 1881. In the late 19th century, a number of articles were published by Charcot and other French authors in Brain, and by British neurologists in Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpetriere and Revue Neurologique. Brown-Sequard and Charcot became corresponding members of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1887, as later did Jules Dejerine, Joseph Grasset and Theodule Ribot. The creation in 1999 of the Societe de Neurologie de Paris included among the foreign corresponding members Jackson and Ferrier. Dejerine, Fulgence Raymond and Pierre Marie developed Charcot's work and received in Paris foreign neurologists, among which Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson who spent one year in Paris in 1903 with Pierre Marie. He returned to Queen Square and King's College Hospital and remained in contact with French neurology. Wilson presented in Paris in 1912 a new disease he called progressive lenticular degeneration with cirrhosis of the liver (Wilson's disease). During the early 20th century, Anglo-French connections were emphasized in international congresses, notably in 1900 in Paris and in 1913 in London, where Joseph Babinski made his lecture on the cerebellar syndrome. In 1914, the Societe de Neurologie de Paris elected 10 new foreign corresponding members from Great Britain. Since then, Anglo-French links have continued with other young promising neurologists travelling from France to the United Kingdom and vice-versa.

White matter—Maximien Parchappe and the integration of articulate language

ABSTRACT The Imperial Academy of Medicine of Paris met in the spring of 1865 to discuss the localization of speech. One of the participants was Maximien Parchappe (1800–1866), an alienist whose research interests lay in the cerebral cortex. This article addresses Maximien Parchappe’s concept that the cognitive elements of language—such as the translation of thoughts into words, the will to express them, and the means to do so—reside within the cortical gray matter, and that they are integrated through white-matter fibers. In so doing, Parchappe anticipated Carl Wernicke’s linking of the posterior aspects of the dominant frontal and temporal lobes in verbal expression, and Jules Dejerine’s linking of the angular gyrus and Wernicke’s area in the understanding of written language. Functional imaging has revived interest in language as a network of neuronal aggregates and has given new relevance to Parchappe’s concept of the functional organization of language.

Alexia and Agraphia from 1861 to 1965.

Studies of alexia and agraphia have played historically important roles in efforts to understand the relation between brain and behavior. In the second half of the 19th century, works by Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke led to the concept of delimited cortical centers in the left cerebral hemisphere concerned with discrete aspects of spoken and written language. These specialized centers were linked by white matter pathways. Charlton Bastian, Jean-Martin Charcot, Sigmund Exner, and Jules Dejerine championed center-pathway models of reading and writing. Dejerine played a dominant role, rejecting the idea of a left frontal lobe center that mediated writing and proposing a unique, specialized role for the left angular gyrus in both reading and writing. In 1891 and 1892, he detailed the symptoms of alexia and agraphia that resulted from injury to the left angular gyrus and from the isolation of the left angular gyrus from visual input required for reading. During the early 20th century, his work and that of other so-called diagram makers was confronted and largely discredited by Pierre Marie, joined later by Henry Head and Kurt Goldstein. In the 1960s, the center-pathway model was resurrected and refined by Norman Geschwind. He drew upon foundational works of Dejerine, Hugo Liepmann, and others to describe syndromes resulting from cortical disconnections and, in doing so, helped to establish a framework for the modern discipline of behavioral neurology.

The history of basal ganglia anatomy

The basal ganglia anatomo-functional system is a recent concept. While some of the basal ganglia are anatomically depicted in ancient anatomical treatises, morphological descriptions of the deep gray-matter nuclei of the brain did not really begin until the 17th century. Major discoveries were made simultaneously by several authors: Thomas Willis (1621–1675), Felix Vicq d’Azyr (1748–1794), Christian Reil (1759–1813) and Karl Friedrich Burdach (1776–1847), amongst others, made major contributions to the morphological descriptions of the structures now known as the lenticularis and caudate nuclei, thalamus and substantia nigra. By the end of the 19th century, Jules Bernard Luys (1828–1879) had described the subthalamic nucleus, and Auguste Forel (1848–1931) had provided a thorough description of the subthalamic region. Jules Dejerine's (1849–1917) anatomical work emphasized the morphological organization of the encephalic deep gray matter. A few years later, Charles Foix (1882–1927) and Jean Nicolesco (1895–1957) published a reference anatomical work on the gray matter of the brain, subthalamic region and brainstem. Their accurate descriptions of the anatomical pathways were the starting points of our understanding of the basal ganglia and the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. The functional anatomy of the basal ganglia circuits was subsequently specified, in particular by Garrett Alexander and Michael Crutcher. More recent anatomo-functional studies have highlighted the non-motor functions of the basal ganglia system. They also focus on several new nuclei, such as the nucleus accumbens septi, now regarded as a stereotactic surgery target, and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, which seems to be one of the key nuclei of the basal ganglia system.

Did Jules Dejerine describe AMAN at the end of the 19th century?

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous group of acute immune-mediated neuropathies, including acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). AMAN is an axonal subtype of GBS that has been known since the 1990s; this term was first used to describe a summer epidemic of acute ascending paralysis observed in children in northern China (and Mexico). It is pathologically characterized by noninflammatory axonal degeneration of the motor nerves (with little or no demyelination). The French neurologist Jules Dejerine (1849-1917) conducted a clinical and pathologic description of AMAN in the late 19th century. We describe his observations, which provide us with valuable information on the course of pathologic lesions in this disease.

Spotlight on the October 17 issue

#### Notable in Neurology This issue features an article that demonstrates spinal cord perfusion pressure maintenance above 50 mm Hg as a strong predictor of improved neurologic recovery following spinal cord injury and another that explores the course of Unverricht-Lundborg disease (EPM1) to identify the risk factors for severity. A featured Historical Neurology article reviews the observations of Jules Dejerine, which describe the clinical and pathologic presentation of acute motor axonal neuropathy decades earlier than previously thought. ### Pretreatment behavior and subsequent medication effects in childhood absence epilepsy![Graphic][1] In a randomized double-blind trial, children with newly diagnosed absence epilepsy had a high … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif

Jules Dejerine and the peripheral nervous system.

Jules Dejerine (1849-1917) was a French neurologist who contributed to the description of numerous neurologic conditions ranging from neurovascular pathology to neuromuscular disorders. A considerable body of his research was devoted to the peripheral nervous system. In this area, the eponymous Dejerine-Sottas syndrome refers to a form of infantile hereditary neuropathy. Dejerine also contributed to the description of many other disorders of the peripheral nervous system and was even a precursor in the study of acquired neuropathies (as well as acute inflammatory neuropathies, before the first description of the Guillain-Barré syndrome) and in the field of radicular pathology. In this centennial year of his death, we emphasize the variety and originality of Dejerine's opus on diseases of the peripheral nervous system.

Spotlight on the August 8 issue

#### Notable in Neurology This issue features an article that validates noncontrast CT as a reliable tool in the identification of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage at high risk of hematoma expansion and another that identifies distinct behavioral phenotypes of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. A featured Historical Neurology article highlights Jules Dejerine's contribution to the field of peripheral nervous system diseases. ### Age- and sex-specific analysis of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source The authors provide evidence that age, not sex, is a strong predictor of stroke recurrence and all-cause death in embolic stroke of undetermined …

Les Dejerine during World War I

World War I (1914–1918), however cruel, was nonetheless an “edifying school of nervous system experimental pathology”, not only because of the types of injuries, but because they were more numerous than any physician could have foreseen. The peripheral nervous system, the spine and the brain were to benefit from advances in clinical and anatomical-functional knowledge. A few of the most famous Parisian neurologists at that time, Jules ( Fig. 1 ) and Augusta Dejerine, who directed the Military neurology centre at La Salpetriere took up the physically and emotionally exhausting challenge of treating thousands of wounded soldiers. They not only cared for them, but also studied them scientifically, with the help of a small but devoted group of colleagues. Alas, Jules Dejerine is already ill for several years and died in February 1917. After his death, Augusta Dejerine cared for convalescents in the hotel des invalides and in an annex of Hopital du Val-de-Grâce (V.G. 83) at the Château de By, in the village of Thomery (Seine et Marne, east of Paris). Some examples presented here reveal their courage and all of their efforts to continue her efforts make discoveries for which we remain grateful today.

Jules and Augusta Dejerine: Crossing biographies

Jules and Augusta Dejerine: Crossing biographies

Aphasia's quarrel

Aphasia's quarrel

Jules Dejerine in the chair of history of medicine

Jules Dejerine in the chair of history of medicine

Jules Dejerine and the Alfred Vulpian French neurological dynasty

In all countries, diverse neurological traditions have arisen over time. The Salpetriere School of Neurology founded by Alfred Vulpian and Jean-Martin Charcot in the 1860s stands paramount in the western world during the second half of the nineteenth century. With Vulpian's leaving the old hospice in 1869, Charcot became the sole leader of this school. Charcot became the most sought of neurological teacher of his time. His fame attracted numerous students and celebrities to attend his teaching. He was also known to actively support his best students in their quest to rise in the medical world of the capital and elsewhere in France and abroad. Jules Dejerine and Augusta Klumpke did follow Charcot's teaching and had friendly relations with some of his students. However, the Suisse neurologist and the American Paris medical graduate develop their shared interest in neurology and neuropathology in the Vulpian laboratory. Vulpian's influence on Dejerine's career was critical. Dejerine by marrying Augusta Klumpke, who became a leading neuropathologist in her own right, further placed him in direct competition with some of Charcot's student in the race to acquire medical and professorial appointments in the capital. The professional tandem was a force to contend with in the small world of Parisian neurology. The growing rivalry led to the creation of two neurological traditions in the capital. Three dramatic historical events led to a public awareness on the growing antagonism. Dejerine's success in the aggregation competition in 1886, a key contest that opened the door to a professorial career, was opposed by the Salpetriere School ( Figure 1 ). The famous 1906–1908 debate on aphasia between Pierre Marie to Augusta Klumpke and her husband was one of very open hostility between the rivals. The dramatic ejection of Augusta Klumpke by Pierre Marie from the Salpetriere following the death of her husband in 1917 was the last dramatic chapter of this antagonism. This eviction of the mecca of French neurology imparted to the Vulpian-Dejerine tradition a culture of survival that though more marginal in its contribution to French neurology, nonetheless had a significant influence by promoting the career of neurologists involved in laboratory research who greatly enriched neurological science.

The eviction of Augusta and the Dejerine Foundation

The eviction of Augusta and the Dejerine Foundation

Jules Dejerine, André-Thomas and the pathology of the cerebellum

Jules Dejerine, André-Thomas and the pathology of the cerebellum

The historical background of Jules and Augusta Dejerines’ work

The historical background of Jules and Augusta Dejerines’ work

A Patient With Word Blindness in the Seventeenth Century

Johann Jakob Wepfer (1620–1695), city physician in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, published two books on “apoplexy.” He proposed new ideas about the events in the brain during such attacks, based on Harvey’s theory of the circulation of the blood. Wepfer postulated extravasation of whole blood or serum in the brain, in opposition to the Galenic notion of blocked ventricles. His case histories are remarkably precise and untainted by interpretation. This allows the recognition of a patient with word blindness, who was also unable to read words written by himself. Unlike patients with pure “alexia without agraphia,” he could not write complete sentences because of additional language defects, especially speech comprehension. Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) would, in 1892, not only describe a patient with the pure form of this syndrome (cécité verbale avec intégrité de l’écriture spontanée et sous dictée) but also provide an explanation of its anatomical basis.

Jan Piltz (1870-1930).

Jan Piltz (1870-1930).