Professional Journals Research Articles

Misinformação, preferências políticas e traços cognitivos: um olhar sobre o eleitorado brasileiro

To contribute to the expanding literature on misinformation in contexts beyond developed countries, this article seeks answers to questions such as: Who are the individuals more susceptible to misinformation? What determines such a vulnerability? This research employs a sample of Brazilian voters surveyed between May and June 2019, and it concludes that partisan preferences alone do not explain susceptibility to misinformation. The impact of partisanship on proneness to misinformation is moderated by analytical ability, need for cognition, and political knowledge. People with high levels of these attributes tend to be more capable of evaluating information through the lens of their political beliefs. Furthermore, the findings suggest that individuals with the highest trust in professional journalism may be less prone to misinformation.

China’s environmental pollution crisis: A comparative analysis of newspaper coverage of the Songhua River Spill

This article scrutinizes global media coverage of the 2005 Chinese Songhua River Spill, a significant transboundary water pollution crisis. It compares media narratives in China’s Party press, liberal press, and U.S. newspapers, revealing divergences in the symbolic communication of environmental risk. China’s Party press altered its reporting in response to criticisms and new events. U.S. newspapers consistently targeted Chinese government institutions and officials. Meanwhile, China’s liberal newspapers provided nuanced, topic-specific accounts, navigating between journalistic professionalism and political restrictions.

Online training to improve evidence-based leadership competencies among nurse leaders in Finland and China: study protocols for two randomised feasibility trials

IntroductionThis study protocol describes two randomised feasibility trials that will evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an online training course to improve evidence-based leadership competences among nurse leaders working...

Mediterreanization as a Developmental Phase of Media in Transitional Democracies: Case of Georgia

For almost three decades, there has been ongoing analysis of post-communist transitional media as a mutual product of Soviet ideological legacy and Western liberal values in the West, as well as in the post-Soviet sphere. In the transition period, media pluralism has become a common occurrence in contrast with the Soviet period. Reforms directed from the top are rendered arbitrary, and as a result, the unpredictable process gained momentum and was the last straw to end the Soviet Union. What are the specific elements of Mediterraneanization that are clearly expressed in the Georgian reality and what spot should Georgia’s media occupy on the map of systems? To answer this question, emphasis should be placed on specific issues such as the influence of the state and political parties on the media agenda, integration of media and political elites, professionalization of journalism, as well as the sociocultural context of the period of independence. This paper focuses on answering these questions. The present study is the compilation of quantitative and qualitative approaches. 12 media researchers and theoreticians, mainly teachers of Georgian higher education institutions, were selected for the research along with the review of the scientific literature and theory related to the issue. The semi-structured interviews, based on a preliminary questionnaire, were conducted with each researcher. The experts’ responses were processed and compared according to quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Text material was condensed and key messages were highlighted. On the basis of the results, their interpretation and cause-and-effect connection was made.

Critical Junctures in the Croatian Media System

Abstract At the very end of the 1980s, Croatia had a good starting position to develop accountable media because Yugoslavian media markets developed within a decentralised paradigm controlled by republics, not by the Federal Government. In this article, the authors focus on changes in the Croatian media development between 1990 and 2020. Framed by McChesney’s theory on critical junctures (2007) they focus on three: privatisation, liberalisation, and commercialisation. Research questions consider five dimensions of each of the junctures: (1) the legal framework, (2) media ownership, (3) technological developments, (4) the journalistic profession, and (5) media audiences. The authors elaborate and conclude that in the Croatian media environment these brief periods of dramatic changes, followed by long periods in which structural or institutional change was slow and difficult, were heavily shaped by all three junctures, and each of them was shaped by multiple background processes evident in major legal changes, ownership changes, technological developments, reshaping of journalism, and shifting audience dynamics.

Perceived challenges among campus press at the height of the pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has created various challenges that allowed academic stakeholders to reflect on the concerns encountered by school administrators, teachers, and students. Many studies focused on the challenges of professional journalists. However, only a few studies on student journalists were explored. In this regard, this study aimed to describe and analyze the challenges of student journalists at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic. A qualitative research design was used in this research. Grounded in this study were the student journalists’ personal experiences and narration of their expressed challenges as writers of the Nation Builder, the official student publication of a state university. Thematic analysis using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) Model was used to analyze the qualitative data gathered. Findings show that there were five identified themes such as health-related issues, ICT-related issues, connectivity-related issues, adaptability-related issues, and journalism-related issues. There are action plans that need to be implemented to sustain the interest of student journalists to write newsworthy articles. Training programs and capacity-building activities could be organized to boost the confidence of the students in coping with the pandemic.

Show, don’t tell

The influence of technology on the media is not a new phenomenon. Several innovations occurred in print production throughout the years and allowed newspapers to improve their design and visual storytelling, following the idea that sight is our dominant sense. This also applied to the digital world: broadband networks made it possible to upload and download large image files, enhancing the importance of visual content. The advent of user-generated content encouraged professional journalists to try harder to create and deliver material of the highest possible journalistic, aesthetic and technical standard. By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the use of photography, video, audio and data visualisation on the web had come together into something genuinely new - the form of digital storytelling known as “multimedia”. The increasing dominance of social media, and especially social video, has affected media organisations profoundly. Publishers and broadcasters have become reliant on social traffic, and many find that their visual content is increasingly being accessed outside their own domain. We should also be aware of the forces pulling in a different direction — also towards visuals, but in the truncated, shallow and trivialised form that succeeds on social media. The future of serious journalism is facing numerous challenges.

A conversation with Jean Annan – Author of 7 Dimensions: Children’s Emotional Well-being


 
 
 
 Dr Jean Annan’s 7 Dimensions: Children’s Emotional Well-being reflects the multiple perspectives she has encountered on children’s development through her broad experience with young people. She has worked as an educational psychologist, university lecturer, researcher, teacher, leader and systems facilitator in educational settings. In recent times, Dr Annan has supported school staff to integrate positive psychological practices into their everyday school programmes. This facilitation has focused on the integration of pro-active, nurturing practices designed for all children as well as the establishment of additional support for those young people who are in most urgent need. 7 Dimensions: Children’s Emotional Well-being builds on Dr Annan’s diverse publications in professional journals and books, the underlying theme of which has been the notion that if complex situations are rendered meaningful, they are easier to manage and positively redirect.
 In the video, Jean engages in conversation with Roger Phillipson. Roger is a registered psychologist and counsellor with the Ministry of Education in Tāmaki Makaurau. He has a passion for supporting the complex and layered lives of children with a focus on their wellbeing.
 
 
 

Disinformation and the Brussels bubble: EU correspondents’ concerns and competences in a digital age

European Union (EU) political actors have been heavily affected by the so-called disinformation crisis, leading to intense worries about how EU citizens may be guaranteed access to trustworthy information in the years to come. While there is increasing research on how EU officials, platforms, and political parties react to the threat of disinformation, less attention has been paid to how another crucial group of actors in Brussels copes with this threat: EU correspondents. This paper presents one of the first empirical observations of EU correspondents’ perceptions of the disinformation crisis. We conducted a survey with Brussels-based correspondents ahead of a politicized 2019 European Parliament election campaign, and asked: What are (a) the concerns and (b) self-perceived competences these correspondents have in dealing with disinformation? Our study offers two main take-aways: First, we recommend further studying EU journalism as a complex organism whose concerns and competences are influenced by intra-European differences in press freedom and journalistic professionalisation. Second, disinformation studies in the EU context must no longer neglect the challenges professional journalism faces when aiming to stop false content.

سياقات التحوّل والاندماج بالمؤسّسات الإعلاميّة الفلسطينيّة في الزّمن الرقمي

In this study, we sought to provide an accurate and detailed diagnosis of the transformations witnessed by Palestinian media institutions in light of the new environment of communication, and to know how Palestinian media institutions can establish a new communication model within their organizational structures in line with the new environment of communication in the digital age. It also discussed the mechanisms used by professional journalists in traditional Palestinian media institutions to deal with the contents produced by citizen journalists. In this context, we posed the following problem: What are the contexts of transformation and integration of traditional Palestinian media in the context of communication digitization, and how did citizenship journalism practices employed in newsrooms? In order to answer this problem, we followed the qualitative content analysis approach. The tool of the qualitative approach was the (codified) scientific interviews with editors-in-chief in the local Palestinian media. It sought to activate the participation of citizen journalists in furnishing news spaces, and created platforms for it to communicate with its audience "Crowd Sourcing", and to form supporters for its "crowd journalism" to take advantage of the feature of communicative interaction through social media, and this indicates that smart TV newsrooms are looking forward because Convergence News room سعينا في هذه الدراسة إلى تشخيص دقيق ومُفصّل للتّحولات التي شهدتها المؤسّسات الإعلاميّة الفلسطينيّة في ظلِّ البيئة الجديدة للاتّصال، ومعرفة كيف يمكن للمؤسّسات الإعلاميّة الفلسطينيّة أن تؤسّس لنموذجٍ اتصاليٍّ جديدٍ داخل هياكلها التّنظيمية بما يتماشى والبيئة الجديدة للاتصال في الزمن الرقمي، والتطرّق الى الآليات التي يستخدمها الصحفيون المحترفون في المؤسسات الإعلاميّة التقليدية الفلسطينية لمعالجة المضامين التي ينتجها المواطن الصحفي. وفي هذا السياق طرحنا الإشكاليّة التاليّة: ما هي سياقات التّحول والاندماج للميديا الفلسطينية التّقليدية في سياق الرّقمنة الاتّصالية، وكيف وظّفت ممارسات صحافة المواطنة في غرف الأخبار؟ وللاجابة على هذه الإشكالية اتّبعنا منهج تحليل المحتوى الكيفي، إذ تمثّلت أداة المنهج الكيفي في المقابلات العلمية (المقنّنة) مع رؤساء تحرير في الإعلام المحليّ الفلسطيني، وبعد إخضاع مادة العينة للتحليل والدّراسة تمكّنا من الوصول إلى أن المؤسّسات الإعلامية الفلسطينية لم تدّخر جهدًا في تحديث أنظمتها الاتصالية فسعت إلى تفعيل مشاركة المواطن الصحفي في تأثيث المساحات الإخبارية، وأنشأت منصات لها من أجل التواصل مع جمهورها "Crowd Sourcing"، وتكوين أنصار لها "صحافة الحشود" للاستفادة من خاصية التفاعل التواصلي عبر الميديا الاجتماعية، وهذا ينبئ بأن غرف الأخبار التلفزيونية الذكية أصبحت تتطلّع لأن تكون غرف أخبار مدمجة Convergence News room.

EDUCATIONAL ISSUES ON THE PAGES OF POLISH JOURNALES IN LVIV (LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES)

The purpose of the study is to show how Lviv cinema was covered in the Polish scientific press. XIX – beginning 20th century issues of the history of education in the eastern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, scientificity, verification, authorial objectivity using general scientific and special historical methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time, based on the materials of the studies included in the Polish historical journals of Lviv at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, an attempt was made to identify the dominant themes in the study of the history of education in the borderlands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Conclusions. This led to the creation of the first Polish Professional Historical Society (1886) and the emergence of a number of amateur and professional journals in the field of history (“Przewodnik Naukowy i Literacki”, “Kwartalnik Historyczny”, “Ruś”). It is shown that a significant place in these publications was occupied by Ukrainian issues, which were covered in various formats – from popular science research and essays in cryptohistorical publications to intelligence, source materials and reviews, which formed the basis of content in specialized projects. The study of publications on educational topics made it possible to identify a number of topics, among which a prominent place was occupied by issues of education in the Ukrainian territory of the Commonwealth. It is shown that historical investigations of educational publications were designed to arouse interest in learning about the past, which Polish researchers perceived as an integral part of the legacy of the destroyed Commonwealth, and for many of them were a small homeland and foster patriotic feelings. It has been established that a notable feature of popular science journals was the romanticization of the past and the interpretation of education and historical memory as an outpost for the preservation of Polish cultural traditions in these lands. With the professionalization of historical studies, intelligence became more professional, and the place of legends was taken by scientific elaborations of sources based on the application of a critical method, which translated the interpretation of education into the spread of Western culture in the east.

The TV reporter as a „professional of the sight”

A fundamental criterion in producing the television report is the on site participation of the author of the event. The complexity, breadth, depth, truthfulness, balance, impartiality of the reflection, but also the understanding of this event depend to the greatest extent on the degree of documentation of the reporter, of his capacity, skills and talent to see the actions, characters, actors in all spatial, temporal, cognitive-emotional and spectacular dimensions of the reality, presented in TV media. The dichotomy of reflecting the objective reality through a subjective approach to the event by the television reporter, based on the rigors of journalistic professionalism, would be resolved in favor of the interests of the widest possible audience.

Объективное знание и «открытое общество» К. Поппера в современном информационном поле

The works of Karl Popper, exploring new approaches to the consideration of theories of knowledge, the formation of objective knowledge, the creation of an open society and the justification of its advantages, not only remain relevant today, but, along with his critical works, are of particular importance in the modern world of a globalized information space. His ideas can and should find practical application in the areas of acquisition, analysis and further formation of knowledge in the field of science and at the level of ordinary network users and consumers of media content. The purpose of this work is to review and study the approaches identified by K. Popper, which can have a positive impact on the formation of public and private opinions in the current huge flow of information and its availability. Today, every user of social networks and other communication channels is a potential distributor of information and messages based on their own opinion. The significance of this work may lie in finding and identifying ways to apply the theories of the philosopher and scientist K. Popper to form more qualified opinions, avoid errors and inaccuracies in public statements, and more fruitfully consume content. The exegesis of K. Popper's methods in the area of modern communication environment can be considered as a new side of studying the problem, and can be applied in the scientific community, among professional journalists, content makers and the general public.

Exchange Journalism from the Position of Behavioral Finance: Economic Thinking of a Stock Market Speculator in the Beginning of the 20th Century

Introduction. Modern financial theory still wonders the degree of behavioral factors influence on the financial assets pricing. We assume that it necessary to consider this problem within the framework of historical and economic science, since exchange prices are widely used in modern research as a historical source. Turning to the materials of professional stock exchange journalism, in this article we sought to determine how market participants described the pricing mechanism and how their market behavior were built in accordance with these analytical settings. Materials and Methods. We chose the book “Political, economic and financial issues of recent times” as our main source. That work includes analytical articles by I. P. Manus (1860–1918), a well-known stock speculator who made a millionth fortune on the Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange. Results. I. P. Manus’s articles demonstrate how the practice of economic analysis of financial markets combines a rational assessment of the financial results with taking into account “inefficient”, speculative price factors. In our source we trace the idea of uncertainty that cannot be overcome by formal analysis methods. All of that actualizes the need to use the methodology of behavioral finance when working with financial history materials. Discussion and Conclusion. We believe that it is not entirely correct for our material to draw a rigid methodological boundary between “behavioral” and “rational”. If we use the terminology of social history, it is much more effective to consider these concepts in their complex interaction, which forms a special “frame” of financial practice of the early 20th century.

UKRAINE AND THE WORLD IN CONDITIONS OF WAR: THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC, PROFESSION AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS

UKRAINE AND THE WORLD IN CONDITIONS OF WAR: THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC, PROFESSION AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS

Technological transformation in journalism: Journalists’ techno-cultural experiences from actor-network perspective

Objective: Technological transformations have profoundly changed the journalism professions. These transformational processes have been experienced by journalists in a techno-cultural environment where their personal and collective memories were shaped. This study employs oral history as the data collection technique in order to explore the details of this techno-cultural change from the actor-network theory (ANT) perspective. Research methods: A sample of 28 senior Turkish journalists were interviewed about their experiences on the technological transformations in their professional life. The transcribed text from these narrations were qualitatively analyzed by NVivo. Results: Journalists agreed that their work was more satisfactory during their past career, and they had faced some difficulties in new forms of technical practices. They also remembered how they were able to tackle some unexpected technical problems by introducing creative inventions. They generally acknowledged the negative effects of technology on the job cuts. Cognitive value: Interviewees’ narrations display the details of the change in journalism professions.

The Role of The Media in Revealing Social Problems - Murder Crime as An Example

Basically, There Are Two Types Of Murder, Deliberate Murder And Accidental Murder (Act Of God). This Study Is Devoted To Deliberate Murder, Such As (Murder For Money, Honor Killing Based On Honor Pretext, Murder By Torture, Murder As A Result Of Sexual Assault, Murder Of Children, Murder Due To Violence And Beating. However, As It Has Been Showcased in This Study, In Kurdistan Region Unlike Any Other Place, There Are Many Other Types of Murders on Various Reasons Such as Car Light Signaling, Pigeons, Children's Fights, Household Water Wells, Car Parking, Dog Fights, Roosters’ Fights, Gender Transition, Electricity Circuits, Chocolate, Land Properties, Religious Conversion, Leading in Folk Dance).
 According To the World's Renowned Website (Our World in Data), In 2019 Alone, More Than (415,000) Thousand People Died in Deliberate Murder, Which Is Almost Three Times Higher Than the Number of Those Who Were Killed In Armed Clashes, Wars Terrorism And Conflicts On Countries’ Level. In Kurdistan Region, Although The Number Of Deliberate Killings Has Decreased In The Past Five Years, Yet Compared To Most Countries In The World, The Rate Is Still Alarming. In The Study’s Findings It Is Highlighted That Non-Compliance Of Media To Applicable Laws And Regulations, Lack Of Monitoring Of The Media In General In Presenting News On Murder, Showing Crime Related Programs And Movies And Lack Of Family Vigilance On The Use Of Electronic Games And Social Networks As Well As Lack Of Professional Journalists And Capable Staff, The Social Problem Of Murder Is More Evident And Has Affected The Mental State And Social Security Of Individuals And Families In Society.

Zależna niezależność

DEPENDENT INDEPENDENCE: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES FOR MEDIA EVOLUTION IN SWITZERLAND Media in multicultural and multilingual Switzerland are unique for a number of reasons – including an effectively functioning system of democratic neo-corporationism, favouring a consensual approach and public debate, which in turn requires an effective public information system. The Swiss represent high culture of written word and thus high-quality printed press. Their modern media system, which has taken shape since the federal constitution of 1848, is based on fundamental guarantees for freedom of speech and press, competitive liberal market of private media, journalistic professionalism, a strong role for self- -regulatory bodies and social negotiation. The central public service television plays a key role in the system, acting as an integrative, identity forming and educational medium of social debate. The article discusses in detail the premises for systemic destabilisation and the dilemmas for the further development of the Swiss media system in the 21st century, as a result of the financial crisis of digitalisation and global competition with the internet giants, in the context of rising populism and the social costs of the coronavirus pandemic.

“Amid the Wildflowers”: Jane Frazee - Her Life, Career, and Contributions to Music Education in the United States

Jane Frazee, an American music educator, administrator, and author has contributed to music education in the United States. This article surveys the impact of her efforts from 1960 to 2015. A pioneer member and past president of the American Orff-Schulwerk Association (AOSA), she taught music to children and adults using the Orff approach and has presented at workshops, clinics, and conferences throughout the United States, as well as internationally. She authored several books and Orff arrangement collections, and her articles have been published in prestigious professional journals and other publications. This paper addresses Frazee’s early life, training, influential individuals, teaching of children and adults, and her work with AOSA. Her roles in the founding and administration of Orff certification and graduate programs in music education in Minnesota are discussed. Lastly, Frazee’s role as an author and the influences of her publications on music educators in the United States were also examined. Although retired from teaching and administration, Frazee continues to publish and inspires current and future generations of music educators.

Managing Norwegian public libraries as civil public spheres: recent controversies

PurposeThis paper contains a theoretically inspired discussion of recent Norwegian controversies related to the management of public library space as a civil public sphere.Design/methodology/approachThis study engages with theories of civil public spheres and their application within a Nordic context. The theories are applied in discussions of recent controversies related to the management of Norwegian public libraries as civil public spheres, as represented in professional journals and press articles.FindingsThrough the discussion, it becomes apparent that the value of neutrality and librarians' inclusive practices on the part of societal minorities might be conflicting when managing public libraries as civil public spheres.Originality/valueThis paper engages with recent library controversies in Norway and discusses them in light of recent scholarly work on library activism in a Nordic context, as well as recent theorizations of civil public spheres in the Nordic countries. It thus connects ongoing discussions among Norwegian librarians with recent library research and ongoing theorization of civil public spheres within the Nordic model.