Professional Journals Research Articles

Women in newsroom-A study of selected prominent media organizations in Guwahati

Women journalists face many challenges in the field of media, and their jobs in newsrooms, their views on the media, and the nature of their work have all been studied for a long time by many scholars. Numerous studies have explored varied issues in the journalism profession, such as the underrepresentation of female journalists in newsrooms, gender discrimination, the glass ceiling, and the patriarchal structure of the industry, etc. Despite the established pattern of media ownership, women journalists have significantly impacted the media landscape. Their struggle to enter and establish themselves in journalism has been extended. Women formally entered the field in the 19th century in various countries, including Britain. During this era, newspapers recognized the importance of financial considerations and advertisements. As a result, they strategically decided to engage women to write women’s sections to appeal to female readers as potential shoppers. Historically, women journalists were predominantly restricted to writing for women’s sections and covering social issues, frequently focusing on light-hearted and humorous matters.

CULTURE OF ORTODOXY AND JOURNALISMIN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

We live in a world of superficiality and hyperproduction, often obsessed with an apocalyptic spirit, where the culture of instant sensation is frequently imposed as the only choice. This context of contemporary living is furthered by the effects of media content inundated with sensationalism, crime news, and similar materials. In the first part of the paper, we will point out the "culture of death" which has become a daily reality and whose key component is fear, imposed as an antithesis to the Christian ethos. Within this framework of living, a person finds themselves in a state of intoxication from the sedative effects of "yellow journalism". The consequence is a state of depression and apathy, given that bad news and superficial sensations are offered as the only reality, since the media distributes them cloaked in euphemisms with an emphasis on necessity, aiming for profit while making it easier for individuals to decline. Such a model of media operation contradicts the foundational principles of the journalistic profession, which are also part of its ethics. Therefore, in the second part, we will focus on the state of the media and journalism, examining the consequences of their work, as well as the importance of adhering to the core principles of this profession. Finally, we strive to indicate possible paths back to common sense, as well as to better physical and spiritual health, with the aim of healing the souls of individuals and society as a whole. In this sense, the Christian culture emerges as a potentially significant factor. Hence, we emphasize the importance of establishing a new paradigm of media work that, while necessarily following the contemporary reality, must also reflect the values propagated by this culture, thus influencing a different mode of media operation based on respect for journalistic ethics. In this way, we present our position on the topic, grounded in experience and the results of conducted research.

Sixty Years of Theatre Studies

This personal history of how the field of theatre studies in the United States has evolved during the author’s academic career begins with his entrance to doctoral studies at Cornell University in 1959 and continues to the present. Among topics covered are the national professional organizations and journals, and the changing interpretations of the scope and definition of the field itself.

How Do Journalists Read? Reading Practices and Beliefs of Journalism Professionals

ABSTRACT This paper presents a qualitative analysis of a multiple case study of the reading practices of six journalists in Uruguay. Professional groups constitute communities of practice that develop beliefs and idiosyncratic ways of integrating literacy into their activities. We investigate how six active journalists carry out reading in the context of their professional activities and how this relates to their beliefs about journalism. We used verbal reading protocols of three texts of different genres and conducted semi-structured interviews. The results show that when reading, the participants scrutinize the context, analyze the quantitative information of the texts, and evaluate their linguistic style. These reading practices can be related to participants’ beliefs that journalistic events are constructed based on the broader context, that journalists must adjust what they write to factual truth, and that news pieces must be precise and clear texts in stylistic terms. The observed reading strategies work for fulfilling participants’ interpretive frames about the events presented in the texts, connecting the new information with their previous knowledge. The similarities observed between participants’ reading practices seems to indicate that written journalism expertise shapes the reading practices of active journalists and that it makes them read differently than other professionals.

An Assessment of the Impact of New Media And Citizen Journalism on Conventional Media Ethics in Nigeria

There is no doubt that citizen journalists engaging in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) have been complimenting the conventional media with information dissemination to the public sphere. However, a lot of loopholes have been observed in their duty discharge that are not professional and unethical to journalism practices. Media are an essential part of any developed or developing country; they are the mouthpiece of both the ruler and the ruled, and at the same time they have a great influence on the society, thereby are expected to uphold morals in high regard. Morals in journalism are seen as ethics that guide the performances of the journalism profession, ethics of the profession aren’t to be toiled with. Lack of media ethics is detrimental to the profession and capable of putting the society/country in jeopardy. This study is therefore set out to examine the impact/effect of new media and long-term citizen journalism on conventional media ethics. As it is known ethics in journalism is core to professional duty discharge and needs to be held in high esteem.

Interlopers by choice, or interlopers by circumstance? Alexey Navalny and alternative journalistic projects in contemporary autocratic Russia

In February 2024, Russian opposition activist Alexey Navalny died in a Western Siberian prison aged just 47. Known as a vocal opposition leader in Russia in the 2010s, he was regularly trying to be elected but also organised the largest mass anti-establishment and anti-corruption protests in Russia before his untimely death. Deprived of access and coverage in the Russian mainstream media, Navalny and his associates established their own media channels, including personal YouTube channels and online media outlets such as Navalny LIVE to avoid censorship and expose the corruption and abuses of power of high-ranking officials in Russia. However, at the same time, Navalny and his colleagues cannot be labelled as ‘journalists’ in a normative sense. They were not professional journalists and had not gone through the processes of journalistic socialisation, but rather ‘tried on’ journalistic roles and investigative journalism practices to expose corrupt elites. In this sense, Navalny and his team can be called (explicit) interlopers who adopt journalistic identities and force a reconsideration of what journalists are and journalism is. In this study, we look at the case of Navalny and his team and their investigative documentaries on YouTube. We relate his practice to the journalistic concept of (explicit) interlopers, analyse how their unique and alternative journalistic project has diversified a largely monopolised and authoritarian Russian public sphere, and propose extending the notion of interlopers by differentiating between interlopers by choice, and interlopers by circumstance.

On Professional Values Under a State of War: Exile Journalists From Ukraine in Russia

This paper discusses the case of exile journalists from Ukraine who moved to Russia between 2014 and 2022. What, in terms of journalistic norms, was unacceptable to them in the Ukrainian journalistic field? What did they find problematic in this respect in Russia? These were the basic questions driving the research, in the course of which 15 exile journalists were interviewed; their answers were analysed using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The findings presented in the paper show that, despite all the difficulties of their personal situations, exile journalist still consider professional values such as independence and truth-telling to be important, continuing to use these normative yardsticks to measure the quality of the journalistic condition. The biggest concern that most of the informants shared was that journalists in both Russia and Ukraine used the language of hatred and discrimination toward political and cultural others, that is so-called antagonistic discourse that only contribute to the spiralling of violence and can never help in reaching peace. These findings allow the suggestion that by occupying a unique position from which to witness the contingency of hegemonic orders exile journalists advocating for peace may re-affirm the values of human dignity and peaceful coexistence, two basic principles of the journalistic profession, as identified by UNESCO.

Marketing antibiotics as vaccines? Analyzing the successful marketing of a pharmaceutical innovation: the case of tulathromycin in veterinary medicine

This article aims to explain the success of tulathromycin in the cattle and pig industry by tracing the ‘social life’ of this antibiotic. To do so, it draws on interview data with veterinarians working in the pharmaceutical industry, observations from training sessions conducted by them, and data from professional journals. The article demonstrates that tulathromycin’s success primarily stems from its unique properties as a long-acting macrolide antibiotic, positioning it as an innovative solution in the veterinary market. By providing immediate and prolonged protection with a single injection, it addresses organizational challenges in the cattle and pig sectors. It thus serves as a ‘quick fix’ for disease control in intensive farming systems and appears, as such, more suitable than vaccination. Its presentation and commercial name, Draxxin, is reminiscent of “vaccine”, which contributes to the confusion about its nature and plays a key role in its widespread adoption.

GINGIVAL MARGIN, CORRECTION IN ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY

A big problem for obtaining aesthetic and functional results of dental treatment is the condition of the gingival papillae. The effectiveness of orthopedic interventions without high-quality correction of the marginal edge of the gums can lead to an unsatisfactory result and the occurrence of numerous complications Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Medline databases for the period 2000-2024, for which the following keywords were used: correction of soft gingival tissues, fixed dentures, effectiveness, front group of teeth. A general search revealed 112 sources regarding gingival margin correction in fixed dentures. The primary exclusion referred to literary sources in which the correction of the gingival margin applied to all types of prosthetics. Literary sources that contained only reference information were included in the secondary exclusion. As a result, only relevant full-text articles in professional journals remained (n=25). The purpose of the research is to analyze the methods of gingival margin correction in orthopedic dentistry at the current stage, to formulate relevant tasks for further research. Research results. Methods of restoration of the aesthetics of the marginal part of the gums during orthopedic treatment are divided into the following groups: plastic of soft and bone tissues; laboratory and technical procedures; use of materials for artificial gums. It has been established that the plastic-surgical method is used for the loss of the gingival papilla, defects of the ridge of the alveolar process, asymmetric contour of the gums, and their unaesthetic shape. Correction of the gums allows to achieve satisfactory aesthetic results both at the final stage of orthopedic treatment (prosthetics with fixed orthopedic prostheses) and at the intermediate stage of temporary prosthetics with plastic fixed prostheses. It was found that the most common methods of gingival margin correction are flap operations on the gums using the technique of lateral movement of the muco-osseous flap. These include the following types of interventions: endothelial modification from the tooth-alveolar ridge; oblique displaced flap; periosteally stimulated flap; partial or complete split flap. The positive effect of hyaluronic acid on the healing of the gingival margin and tissue regeneration has been proven. Several researches have shown the positive effects of hyaluronic acid on gingival margin healing and tissue regeneration due to its properties to stimulate cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, mediate cell signaling. The authors indicate a better effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in relation to periodontal parameters during the correction of the marginal gingival margin. The use of a laser scalpel is characterized by less pronounced traumatization of tissues, lower temporary costs for intervention, reduced blood loss, less pronounced signs of inflammation in the postoperative period, relative simplicity and cost-effectiveness of use. Conclusions. To date, only a combination of various orthopedic and surgical manipulations allows to achieve an optimal aesthetic result during prosthetics with fixed dentures of the front group of teeth.

A Little of that Human Touch: How Regular Journalists Redefine Their Expertise in the Face of Artificial Intelligence

ABSTRACT Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence raise fundamental questions about its impact on the journalistic profession and the future role of journalists in news production. However, the attitudes of regular journalists towards artificial intelligence remain largely unexplored. We address this gap by investigating the potentials and concerns that Danish journalists attribute to the impact of artificial intelligence on journalism. Journalists largely acknowledge its potential to streamline news production. While they also express broader concerns about the trustworthiness of journalism and the risk of job displacement, their more immediate worry lies in the impact of artificial intelligence on job meaningfulness and professional identity. These findings reveal a differentiated perspective on the profession-wide and individual impacts of artificial intelligence on journalism. Furthermore, journalists emphasise their human qualities and skills such as nuanced judgement, empathy, and creativity as beyond artificial intelligence’s capabilities. This indicates that artificial intelligence prompts journalists to reshape their expertise to prioritise the human touch in journalism, suggesting a broadened view of the journalistic profession. By examining these perceptions among regular journalists, this study contributes to a better understanding of the multifaceted challenges that artificial intelligence poses to both individual journalistic practices and the broader profession.

Publisher's Comments

Welcome to the Journal of Biocommunication, the professional journal of the Association of Medical Illustrators (AMI) and the BioCommunications Association (BCA). This JBC, issue 48-1, represents our first issue of the 2024 publishing year. We would like to thank our Management Board, our editors, our advisors, and our authors for their contributions to the success of our Journal. We appreciate the ongoing support from our JBC community around the world. In particular, we acknowledge the support of the AMI and the BCA. It's a privilege to be chosen as the professional academic journal of these two organizations.

An Inclusive History of LGBTQ+ Aversion Therapy: Past Harms and Future Address in a UK Context

From the 1950s, aversion therapy gained an international foothold as a behaviourist means to alter what was then considered ‘deviant’ behaviour. Using primary research by psychologists, psychiatrists and other clinical figures published in professional journals, recently published personal testimonies by those who underwent such ‘treatment’, and drawing on the latest historical research, this article maps aversion therapy practices used to ‘treat’ LGBTQ+ people in the UK, mainly in the 1960s and 1970s. We outline our approach to this history and contextualise it by drawing attention to ongoing comparative issues of banning LGBT conversion therapy in the present. Next, we outline the emergence of aversion therapy internationally and identify historical ‘hotspot’ hospitals and universities in the UK, with the nation itself an international ‘hotspot’ for aversion. We then employ the case study of the 2022 report from the University of Birmingham, to demonstrate how such investigations of difficult pasts might be most effectively realised and highlight the potential for a ‘truth and reconciliation’ approach to this history. Finally, we call upon psy-organisations, university and research institutions, and other stakeholders to take this history seriously in effort to address past and ongoing harms enacted upon LGBTQ+ people.

The Battle of Blair Mountain and the News Media: Professional Ideology and the Coverage of Bloodshed in West Virginia

In 1921, “labor trouble” was the euphemistic phrase used by newspapers to describe the often-bloody conflicts that took place between working miners and their bosses in West Virginia. The Battle of Blair Mountain was one such conflict, a well-known clash between striking miners and mine operators that was made famous because airplanes were used, however unsuccessfully, to drop bombs on the miners during the hostilities. This study examines the coverage of this event by the New York Times and Washington Post to understand the ideological assumptions of professional journalists at the time toward this brutal conflict. Using a historically informed analysis of newspaper content, this study shows how the professional norms of journalism culminated in a highly ideologically informed coverage of labor struggle, revealing upper and middle-class anxiety toward class conflict in early twentieth century America.

The Future in Journalism and Mass Communication India

Journalism is assembling, handling and spread of news and data identified with the news to a group of people. The word applies to both the technique for inquisitive for news and the abstract style which is utilized to spread it. Mass communication is the investigation of how people and elements transfer data through broad communications to vast fragments of the populace in the meantime. International Journal of Media Journalism and Mass Communications (IJMJMC) is an internationally peer reviewed academic journal that publishes recent advancements in the field of Media Journalism and Mass Communications. We publish articles on topics like Media studies, Media influence, Communication studies, Social science, Citizen Journalism, Creative nonfiction, Journalism ethics and standards, Journalism genres, Non-profit journalism, Corporate media, Journalistic professionalism, Media balance, Media bias Peace Journalism, Social dynamics, Political commentary etc.

Online Abuse, Emotion Work and Sports Journalism

ABSTRACT This article generates new insights into the changing profession of journalism. Empirically, we present the findings of 21 interviews with journalists working in the Irish and UK sports beats on their experiences of online abuse. Conceptually, we address the under-theorising of emotions in journalism by extending the utility and entanglement of emotion work and emotional labour. In doing so, we posit future lines of theoretical enquiry about individual and social regulation. Several key discoveries are presented. First, sports journalism is a distinctive profession because significant authentic emotional work is undertaken. This is only accentuated when online abuse occurs. Journalists are deeply affected by this abuse, personally and professionally. Second, online abuse towards sports journalists is now so ubiquitous as to be habitually accepted, and it has obscured the distinction between public and private spaces. Third, in response, sports journalists have been compelled to develop their own emotional strategies, including self-censorship, to cope with and manage online abuse. The findings presented here also pose practical and existential questions about the sustainability of the profession, especially in the absence of formal institutional supports or even an informal code of practice about how to cope with and respond to online abuse.

Effectiveness of Risk Management through Risk Maturity Measurement: A Study at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management at Pelindo post-merger and assess its risk management maturity level. Additionally, the study intends to offer relevant recommendations for the company in developing its risk management strategy and implementation. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study strategy, where the researcher analyzes an organization as a unit of analysis in a natural setting without manipulation. Data collection techniques include interviews with representatives from the Group Risk Management, Governance, and Compliance as the corporate-level risk managers. Document analysis includes textbooks, academic and professional journals, theses, articles, and company department reports. Data analysis follows the Miles and Huberman model. The research indicates that the maturity level of risk management at Pelindo post-merger has reached the good practice phase with a score of 2.94. This reflects a consistent application of risk management in accordance with industry standards, although its effectiveness varies. The organizational structure, framework, processes, and risk culture have begun to be implemented. Recommendations for improvement include strengthening the risk culture, enhancing the effectiveness of risk management functions, and aligning risk strategies with the ERM transformation plan for better effectiveness and compliance.

Awareness, perception, and practices of Ayurveda doctors toward FSSAI (Ayurveda Ahara) Regulations Act 2022: A cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI; Ayurveda Ahara) Regulations Act 2022 was established by the FSSAI to regulate the safety, quality, and labeling of Ayurvedic food products. This Act is specifically designed to distinguish Ayurvedic food products from Ayurvedic medicines and proprietary drugs, ensuring that they meet strict standards of safety and authenticity. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Ayurvedic doctors regarding the FSSAI (Ayurveda Ahara) Regulations Act 2022. It seeks to understand their level of awareness and implementation of these regulations in clinical practice and to identify areas for further education or training. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April 4, 2024, to June 20, 2024, using Google Forms. The semi-structured questionnaire included 31 questions divided into four sections covering knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the FSSAI Ayurveda Ahara regulations. The survey included 148 qualified Ayurvedic doctors from across India. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed, and the results were expressed as percentages. RESULTS: Out of 148 respondents, 85.1% were aware of the FSSAI Ayurveda Ahara regulations, but only 14.2% were thoroughly familiar with them. Most respondents had acquired knowledge through professional associations (83.7%) and medical journals (72.9%). While 81.8% of the doctors believed in the significant role of the regulations in public health, practical challenges such as the availability of compliant products and patient adherence were identified. Only 54.7% of doctors were likely to incorporate compliant Ayurvedic food products into their treatment recommendations. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the need for enhanced education and dissemination of detailed information about the FSSAI (Ayurveda Ahara) Regulations Act 2022. Despite positive attitudes toward the regulations, practical application is hindered by significant challenges. Addressing these gaps through targeted training programs, improved information dissemination, and supportive measures is essential for effective implementation.

Maintaining the Free Flow of Information. A Manifesto-like Intervention for Practice-Based Research in Academic Training Programs for Multimedia Journalism

With a changing media landscape in mind, this article takes a closer look at academic training standards for journalists. Focusing on multimedia production and innovative science, it analyses the impact on business models, resources and working conditions. As an interventionist appeal, it argues in favour of practice-based research and new training methods. Key demands include a greater awareness of the democratic role of journalism, ethical sensitivity and sustainable funding. By interweaving theory, practice and politics, this Manifesto-like paper aims to strengthen the profession of journalism and build a bridge between academia and practical training.

Undoing the knots. A gender-historical perspective on debates about kindergarten in German-speaking Switzerland (1950–1980)

ABSTRACT This article discusses how a gender-historical perspective may still be productive in today’s historiography of education. In doing so, it relies on theoretical approaches developed in feminist and gender-historical debates and in debates about the ontological turn in historiography. Categories are thus understood as “world-giving” and changing entities which cannot just be analysed in their varying historical contexts but must be examined and historicised themselves in order to capture their fuzziness and fluidity. Against this theoretical background and on the basis of professional journals of kindergarten teachers and published speeches of seminar teachers, this article analyses debates about kindergarten in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, focusing on the years 1950–1980. In these debates, it examines what “productive work” (Scott) the categories “child” and “mother” did with regard to social and gender order and how they emerged from various knowledges becoming entangled in specific places and times. The allegedly clear “inside-outside boundaries” and “dichotomies” (Haraway) between the categories are questioned by turning to conflicts, to the unresolved, to the paradoxical. Furthermore, the paper reflects on the tasks assigned to kindergarten and the arguments which were put forward to legitimise it within the category-related “meshwork” (Ingold) of knowledges and power. Finally, it is shown how powerfully the categories “child” and “mother” acted in the debates about kindergarten in German-speaking Switzerland when stabilising and perpetuating a strongly gendered social order.

The Role of Professional Journalism Associations in Improving the Profession in the UAE

The Role of Professional Journalism Associations in Improving the Profession in the UAE