Context Of Journalism Research Articles

Медиаобраз ветеринарного врача в российских СМИ (по данным Национального корпуса русского языка)

The research aims to reconstruct the media image of a veterinarian aimed at identifying the peculiarities of veterinary discourse recognized and transmitted by Russian mass media. The paper employs the cognitive modeling methodology involving an analysis of the system of conceptual models with signifiers such as ‘ветеринар’ (veterinarian), ‘ветеринарный врач’ (veterinary doctor), ‘ветврач’ (vet) and its interpretation. The work examines the linguistic representation of conceptual dominants at the lexico-semantic level, identifying the basic conceptual features of the object. Three main roles of a veterinarian presented in the media, i.e., a doctor, an expert, and a scientist, are identified and analyzed. The research is novel in that it is the first to provide a linguistic description of the contemporary media image of a veterinary doctor based on journalistic contexts captured in the Russian National Corpus. As a result, the work reveals that the most developed image in the media is that of a veterinary doctor, concentrating the values of veterinary discourse and exhibiting the distinguishing features of appearance and behavior. The role of a veterinarian-expert is the most frequently recorded one in the media, characterized by stereotypical and abstract speech. The role of a veterinarian-scientist is the least common one in media discourse, with its media image not fully developed and represented by standard speech formulas. Conclusions are drawn regarding the perceptions of veterinarians in the media compared to their self-identification and literary portrayals. Overall, the media construct a stereotypical image of a veterinary doctor as an animal lover and savior, which largely fails to reflect essential values of veterinary discourse such as customer orientation, professional solidarity, and academic rigor.

Le verdissement de la presse. La néologie terminologique entre métaphore et manipulation

The Greening of the Press. Terminological Neology between Metaphor and Manipulation. Through the analysis of Cop26 eco-political discourses, collected from the newspapers Le Monde, Libération, Le Devoir and La Presse, the aim of the contribution is to propose a systematisation of ecological green. Rooted in political terminology while used in a diplomatic and mediatic context, the colour provokes a counter-discourse that calls into question accusations of greenwashing. The referential domain linked to green is largely that of the energy crisis on the one hand, and the opportunities of a sustainable approach to global economy on the other, themes analysed as semantic preferences of the lexeme, as well as discursive contexts that evoke promise/hope or deception/catastrophe. The synchronic perspective is chosen to probe the topicality of environmental lexis in journalistic contexts, whose stylistic and creative turns of phrase also contribute to enriching the specialised terminology, and to shape the double perception of the colour in the collective discursive memory. Keywords: Neology, ecological technolect, journalistic discourse, anglicisms

Uncertainty is in the Form: A functional, meaning‐based approach to teaching ambiguity as author choice in Kafka's “Vor dem Gesetz”

AbstractThere is a need for a continued focus on language learning in advanced language classes beyond the foundations that are formed in the beginning and intermediate levels. Despite this need, little work exists on how to implement language‐focused instruction in upper‐level courses. As one possible solution, this paper outlines a functional, meaning‐based approach to teaching language that could be easily adopted by all instructors, regardless of their professional training and/or research interests. As an example of this approach, the study described in this paper investigates the instruction of Subjunctive 1 through its function as indirect speech in a literary context. Eight participants in a fourth‐semester German course engaged with the Subjunctive 1 form through a lesson focused on Kafka's authorial choices in the text Vor dem Gesetz that create a sense of uncertainty. This approach complements the traditional teaching of Subjunctive 1, such as in journalistic contexts, by centering it as a tool for meaning making in an author's lexicogrammatical toolkit. An analysis of pre/posttests that included both quantitative and qualitative data was used to assess the effectiveness of the approach. The results indicate an overall positive effect for the instruction but also individual variation by the learner. These findings support both the utility of and need for functional, meaning‐based approaches in upper‐level courses. Finally, I discuss how this type of approach could be adopted for any linguistic feature and by any instructor teaching advanced courses to support students’ linguistic growth throughout the curriculum.

Evaluation of the efficiency of agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine and the dynamics of its change by data envelopment analysis

Presently, the process of assessing the effectiveness of higher education institutions and analysing the dynamics of its change needs to be improved, which determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of this study was to improve the assessment of the efficiency of agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine in the scientific and journalistic context, as well as to investigate the changes in dynamics using the non-parametric method of assessing the relative efficiency of data envelopment analysis. The study used methods of statistical processing and data analysis, linear programming, computer computing to solve research problems, and logical and analytical methods to determine the purpose of the study, the means of achieving it, substantiate the findings of the study, and formulate conclusions. To evaluate the effectiveness of scientific and publishing activities of these higher education institutions, the input-oriented model of variable returns to scale of the data envelopment analysis method was applied. Using statistical data for 2020- 2022, the net technical efficiency of scientific and publishing activities of 37 agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine was assessed. Based on the results of the assessment, a rating of agricultural higher education institutions in Ukraine was compiled. It was found that in 2021 and 2022, 27% of the surveyed higher education institutions were 100% effective. The average net technical efficiency in 2021 and 2022 was 0.91. In 2021-2022, 27% of agricultural higher education institutions increased the efficiency of scientific and publishing activities, 59% did not change, and 14% decreased. On average, there was a 1% increase in the use of educational resources in the field of agricultural higher education. Thus, the scientific and publication activities of agricultural higher education institutions during the study period are progressive. The findings of this study can be used for a reasonable ranking of higher education institutions according to the efficiency of scientific and publishing activities, analysis of the dynamics of changes in efficiency.

Социальная проблематика очерков М. Горького о кинематографе в историческом контексте

The research aims to determine the peculiarities of the notion of cinema at the initial stage of its existence. The essays and short stories by M. Gorky published in the newspapers ‘Nizhegorodskii listok’ and ‘Odesskie novosti’ during the All-Russia Industrial and Art Exhibition 1896 and articles of this period published in the Nizhny Novgorod press served as the research material. Classical and new works on Gorky studies and film studies are involved. The research is novel in that it is the first to address the short story ‘Revenge’ and to restore the journalistic context associated with it. Through a comprehensive analysis of Gorky’s essays on cinema and the short story ‘Revenge’, the mechanism of transformation of journalistic texts into a literary one through the problem-thematic and figurative-motivic complexes is traced. The involvement of a wide range of articles in the synchronous press makes it possible to detect the deep involvement of the writer’s works in the contemporary social and everyday context. As a result of the research, the range of Gorky’s texts related to cinema expands, the social origins of Gorky’s attitude to cinema and his notion of screen art as an illusory ideal world opposed to the harsh reality of life are revealed.

The ‘Strategic Relations’ and Its Forms: An Attempt at Conceptualisation

‘Strategic Relations’ is a concept that has been used extensively in diplomatic and journalistic contexts, but it has been less investigated in scientific studies. Recently, concepts such as ‘strategic alliance’, ‘strategic coalition’, ‘strategic partnership’ and ‘strategic competition’ has been introduced to use as other forms of ‘strategic relationship’. However, the starting point of this study was composed of the following question: what is a strategic relationship and how is the concept related to a strategic alliance, coalition and partnership strategic competition? To answer this question, a descriptive-explanatory study was conducted. The data were collected through desk studies, interviews with experts by Delphi technique and inferential analysis. This study theoretically focused on concepts such as ‘cooperation’, ‘competition’ and ‘strategy’.

Feuilleton in the context of journalistic and literary texts

Abstract Feuilleton is a hybrid genre. This genre is important for both literature and journalism because it has literary and journalistic characteristics. There are different opinions about the genre characteristics of feuilleton. So, in studies, it is sometimes characterized only as a journalistic genre. Although some of the studies pay attention to its literary peculiarities, they do not mention its journalistic peculiarities. There are also studies that examine the genre in both literary and journalistic contexts, and such a complex approach is of great importance to the analysis of the genre. Based on the ideas about the hybridity of the genre, our opinion on this matter is that when examining the feuilleton, it is important to thoroughly study it, taking into account the fact that it is a hybrid genre. When conducting research, all features should be studied, no feature should be left out of the study. The artistic colors of feuilleton are distinguished by their realistic and sharp lines. Here, the events are given in all their reality. This is one of the points that form the basis of journalistic works. In this article, the feuilleton genre is examined in the context of literary-journalistic genre; the history of feuilleton, its main features, and its literary and journalistic aspects are studied.

Workshop Jurnalistik Online bagi Pemuda Desa Pengembur Kecamatan Pujut Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

The purpose of this community empowrement is to provide online journalism skills to youth in the Pengembur Village, Central Lombok. This activity was attended by the Head of Pengembur Village, Mosque Youth, Pengembur Youth Organization, village operators and other village apparatus. There is a lot of potential in the Pengembur Village, but the publication of information related to the Pembur Village is still very minimal. This is due to the lack of ability of youth to produce journalistic content, especially through online media. After doing this service, the youth have skills including; determine priority issues, divide tasks when carrying out coverage, write and edit coverage results, publish and distribute journalistic contexts that youth have worked on.

The War in Ukraine and De-Westernization as Historical Task: Opportunities and Limits

In the article the author mentions that A.A. Zinoviev was the fi rst to introduce the concept of Westernization into the Russian philosophical and journalistic context. But he viewed the problem of Westernization and the radical onslaught of the new world order only through the prism of the struggle of communism and capitalism in the 20th century and thus was methodologically limited. Zinoviev did not use the term “De-Westernization” either. Neither do we fi nd in his works any conceptual moves suitable for analyzing the Ukrainian situation. Therefore, at the new historical stage we are forced to think more concretely about the new round of Russia's struggle with the West, he problem and the need for “De-Westernization” for Russia and the areas of its traditional presence without Zinoviev, independently and relying on other thinkers. In the article the author registers that February 24, 2022, Russia took an action that was on the border-line between boldness and audacity. After all, we already live having one leg in the postmodern era. And this presupposes the presence of an appropriate type of personality who is not ready to suffer and fi ght hardships for the sake of ideals. So are we really ready for war? The article also claims that the main goal of the SVO (limited special operation) is actually the de–Westernization of Ukraine. It should be not only and not so much about its denazifi cation, but about its “De-Westernization” and deliberation, because the fi rst presupposes the second as its condition and cause. After all, the main ideological mainstream in the so-called independent Ukraine was always liberal-pro-European, it was about the European choice and Ukraine's joining the West that was hostile towards Russia, and undoubtedly Nazism present in Ukraine still served as an auxiliary tool for that purpose. The article analyzes K.N. Leontiev's concept of Byzantium and its applicability to modern Russia. The author considers what De–Westernization of Ukraine and Russia might comprise today, and what its limits are under the present conditions - eclecticism in Russian ideology.

The production and consumption of news podcasts

This special issue, which focuses on the Asia-Pacific region, brings together five articles addressing the use of podcasting in a journalistic context. Drawing on articles that cover diverse topics, this issue paints a larger picture of how news podcasts are created and consumed in various global contexts. Implications are discussed. Reflecting different global contexts, the articles herein address such topics as health, politics and sports and invite researchers to explore the potential and limitations of news podcasts from a wide range of perspectives.

Where or Nowhere? Tracking Elusive Journalistic Guidelines for Ethical Use of Location Data

Locative data is data that identifies a person’s precise location in a specific moment in time, allowing for evidence-based interpretations of who was doing what, when and where. Such tracking already happens regularly as a part of ubiquitous smartphone use. In journalistic contexts, with relative ease, this data can provide detailed documentation about events – connecting people, actions, and settings – in unprecedented thoroughness and complexity, even without informed consent. Locative data also can create significant threats to personal privacy, legal due process, and ethical norms along the way. To determine how journalists, conceptualize the emergence and power of locative data, this research turns to organizational codes of ethics, as representative of public discourse in the field. This content analysis explored such discourse in more than 50 major U.S. news organizations, including examinations of public policies and terms of service. This analysis shows that fewer than half of the largest U.S. news organizations even publicly share a code of ethics, conveying transparency and leadership issues throughout the field. The implications of this research also highlight the lack of clear policies and guidelines for how such data should be handled, protected, and ethically used by journalists.

Eyewitness Memory in Journalistic Context: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Study Post-Event Misinformation Effects

ABSTRACT The malleability of memory has been a long-standing concern of memory scientists. Scholars have specifically warned about the dangers of misleading post-event information, because such erroneous messages could lead to reconstruction of eyewitness memory. Whereas much research on false post-event information is focused on eyewitness testimony in police investigations, the role of news media in influencing eyewitness memory has not been fully explored. Almost no eyewitness misinformation research has been placed in journalistic contexts, whereas journalists have two paths to induce false memories: they can influence eyewitness memory by asking misleading questions and by publishing false eyewitness accounts. This manuscript is intended as a call to action for interdisciplinary approaches in studying journalistic routines that may influence eyewitness memory.

Measuring Photo Credibility in Journalistic Contexts: Scale Development and Application to Staff and Stock Photography

ABSTRACT Noting its absence, this article presents a newly-developed scale that specifically measures the construct of photo credibility in journalistic contexts. The scale was developed using adaptations of previous media-credibility scale statements and applying them to the context of photography that appears in the news. Using the scale, the study addresses audience perceptions of the credibility of stock photographs versus photographs taken by newspaper-staff photojournalists. The scale proves reliable, and through its use, it is suggested that participants in the study perceive stock photos as significantly less credible than those taken by staff photojournalists. Dimensions of credibility within the scale provide opportunity for more nuanced examination of the nature of these differences of perception.

The rise of digital authoritarianism: Evolving threats to media and Internet freedoms in Pakistan

Digital authoritarianism poses increasing challenges within both autocratic and democratic regimes. The evolving mechanisms of digital authoritarianism surpass national boundaries. Over the past decade they have advanced the interests of authoritarian states to undermine the freedoms of media and the Internet. In competitive authoritarian regimes, like Pakistan, digital authoritarianism has paved its way under democratic disguise. Reporters Without Borders’ World Press Freedom Index 2020 indicates that the country ranks at 145 out of total 178 countries. Moreover, Freedom House’s Freedom on the Net 2020 survey reveals Pakistan among the worst ten countries in terms of Internet and digital media freedoms. Considering these facts, hence this study examines digital authoritarianism in the journalistic context. It explores evolving threats to media and internet freedoms due to the increasing authoritarian practices of Pakistan’s state authorities in digital realm. This is significant so as to unpack how the country’s authorities restrain media and Internet freedoms in the digital age. To achieve this aim, this study uses the qualitative method of online interviews and presents findings thematically.

Do Professionals Who Use the Voice in a Journalistic Context Benefit from Humming as a Semi-occluded Vocal Tract Exercise?

Many vocal enhancement and rehabilitation programs for voice professionals define vocal exercises without analyzing their effects on that specific population in which they will be applied, in the established dose and often without considering the presence and absence of vocal alteration. Journalists have sought the voice clinic due to new professional vocal demands and a vocal program is being elaborated. To determine the immediate effect of humming in professionals with and without voice disorders who work under high vocal demand in a journalistic context. Thirty-six individuals who completed the Dysphonia Risk Screening Protocol and underwent voice recording participated in the study. Three speech therapists defined the presence and/or absence of vocal changes by consensus. Subsequently, five repetitions of humming were proposed; the exercises lasted five seconds each and were separated by five seconds of complete silence, and recordings were made before and after the exercise (vowel and phrase). For the pre and post comparison between the groups with and without vocal changes, acoustic measurements and spectrogram, including the classification of the signal type, were performed. The sample had a similar distribution of men and women and a mean age of 39.9 years. Most of the professionals were journalists or reporters. The risk of dysphonia was high for half of the sample, and the presence of vocal changes, predominantly mild ones, was identified in 56%. After the exercise, a decrease in noise at low frequencies and an improvement in the series of harmonics and the signal type were observed in both groups; a decrease in irregularity was observed only in the participants without vocal changes. The proposed humming exercise had an immediate positive effect on the voice of professionals working in a journalistic context, and the changes were particularly evident in aspects of the voice that were initially altered.

Content Analyses of User Comments in Journalism: A Systematic Literature Review Spanning Communication Studies and Computer Science

Different disciplines have studied the content of online user comments in various contexts, using manual qualitative/quantitative or (semi-)automated approaches. The broad spectrum and disciplinary divides make it difficult to grasp an overview of those aspects which have already been examined, e.g. to identify findings related to one’s own research, recommendable methodological approaches, and under-researched topics. We introduce a systematic literature review concerning content analyses of user comments in a journalistic context. Our review covers 192 papers identified through a systematic search focussing on communication studies and computer science. We find that research predominantly concentrates on the comment sections of Anglo-American newspaper brands and on aspects like hate speech, general incivility, or users’ opinions on specific issues, while disregarding media from other parts of the world, comments in social media, propaganda, and constructive comments. From our results we derive a research agenda that addresses research gaps and also highlights potentials for automating analyses as well as for cooperation across disciplines.

Peripheral communication practices in Spain. The case of La Poderío

Within the framework of the new digital paradigm, a multitude of media have emerged that express communicational realities different from those institutionalised by conventional media groups. In Spain, alternative media proliferated after the crisis of 2008 and the transformation of the journalistic context, which is immersed in the digital economy. This work focuses on analysing La Poderío as a peripheral publication project with a gender perspective in the Spanish sphere, looking in depth at its trajectory and organisational structure, the strategies and communication channels it uses and its digital audience. It is a case study that has used in-depth interviews, web traffic analysis and the monitoring of metrics in social networks as tools. The results indicate that this is a project of non-mainstream journalistic cultural production with a gender perspective that values communication from the periphery and gives a voice to under-represented groups, helping to make alternative contexts of social and communicative interaction visible. However, with the intention of making proposals, elements have been detected that can facilitate its expansion and professionalization.

СОЦІАЛЬНІ МЕРЕЖІ ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО ІНФОРМАЦІЇ У РОБОТІ ЖУРНАЛІСТА

The use of social networks as an information source in journalistic work is considered. Recently, sites such as Facebook, Twitter or Instagram have become part of the traditional sources for journalists to obtain material about current events, the public’s assessments and opinions, government activity, etc. At present, social networks are integrated into the ordinary professional practice of collecting news and facts, which means including them into the structure of sources for journalistic work. The modern media rely on them to meet the ever-increasing demand for information, as well as to benefit their advantages like convenience, efficiency, ubiquity and popularity. Considerable attention is paid to the journalists’ use of material from official pages of statebodies and government officials’ personal accounts on social networks. As the authorities have the powers and resources and determine the ways of development of the state and society, they are one of the key communicators influencing the formation of the media agenda. Therefore, their engagement on social platforms provides journalists with the access to socially important information. Social networks, due to their usual bidirectional communication, can also help establish and maintain contacts with people and structures – organizers, participants or witnesses of events. Moreover, it is also an opportunity to learn about many different views, get starting ideas and tips from users for forthcoming publications and topics. Collecting information from social networks is directly related to the main identifying characteristics of the journalistic profession and compliance with the basic journalistic standards: objectivity, reliability, unbiasedness, and balance. Without exaggerating the importance of social platforms in the journalistic context, it should be noted, however, that they expand opportunities for the profession. Proper use of social networks helps journalists to create quality content; they are a relatively new tool for traditional journalism, which is to inform about events of socio-political and other spheres of state and society’s life.

Defining a state-of-the-art POS-tagging environment for Brazilian Portuguese clinical texts

Natural language processing techniques are essential for unlocking patients’ data from electronic health records. An important NLP task is the ability to recognize morphosyntactic information from the texts, a process called part-of-speech (POS) tagging. Currently, neural network architectures are the state-of-the-art method, although there is a lack of studies exploiting this approach within Brazilian Portuguese clinical texts. The objective of this study is to define a state-of-the-art POS-tagging environment for Brazilian Portuguese clinical texts. We reviewed multiple neural network-based POS-tagging algorithms, and the Flair tool was selected due to its exceptional performance in the journalistic domain, as there is any specific algorithm to Portuguese clinical texts. We executed a normalization process on available corpora from multiple domains (two journalistic, one biomedical, one clinical, and a new corpus composed of all three of these). The Flair algorithm was trained with all corpora, generating five models, which were evaluated with all domains. The clinical model achieved 92.39% accuracy (previous POS-tagging clinical work reached 91.5%); the biomedical model achieved 97.9% accuracy. All the models were assessed on their own test set. We developed a new state-of-the-art modeling environment for POS tagging of Brazilian Portuguese clinical texts and achieved comparable results to other state-of-the-art studies in journalistic contexts.

Sketching: A Method for Imagining Journalistic Tech

Internet-connected things, wearable computers and smart environments all promise new ways for publics to interact with information and with media professionals. In this environment, journalists and journalism educators have an opportunity to play a stronger role in designing stories and interactions that achieve social and democratic goals. Technical training, critical skills and entrepreneurial thinking are among the ways scholars and educators have grappled with this issue. In this article we add to these approaches, outlining a design-led initiative that introduces sketching as a method for exploring the use of technology in a journalistic context and imagining new possibilities. Rather than teach technological competency, we use sketching as a way to develop enterprise skills and foster creative thinking about how journalism might evolve in light of new and emerging technologies.