Mining Journal Research Articles

Дореволюционный «Горный журнал»: к элементам внутренней научной экспертизы

The article examines the elements of internal scientific expertise within the editorial board of the pre-revolutionary “Mining Journal” based on a collection of archival documents, including correspondence with authors and reviews of submitted articles. All sources are introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. The article highlights specific cases that illustrate the reasons why the journal’s editorial board rejected authors’ submissions for publication. Both negative reviews of submitted articles and positive feedback from reviewers are considered. The reviewers were leading specialists of their time in the fields of mining, geology, and mineralogy, enjoying recognition from the mining community. In conclusion, a brief classification/grading system for the rejection of scientific articles submitted for consideration to the editorial board of the “Mining Journal” is proposed.

Historical Documents and Automatic Text Recognition: Introduction

With this special issue of the Journal of Data Mining and Digital Humanities (JDMDH), we bringtogether in one single volume several experiments, projects and reflections related to automatic textrecognition applied to historical documents.More and more research projects1 now include automatic text acquisition in their data processing chain,and this is true not only for projects focussed on Digital or Computational Humanities but increasinglyalso for those that are simply using existing digital tools as the means to an end. The increasing useof this technology has led to an automation of tasks that affects the role of the researcher in the textualproduction process. This new data-intensive practice makes it urgent to collect and harmonise the corporanecessary for the constitution of training sets, but also to make them available for exploitation. Thisspecial issue is therefore an opportunity to present articles combining philological and technical questionsto make a scientific assessment of the use of automatic text recognition for ancient documents, itsresults, its contributions and the new practices induced by its use in the process of editing and exploringtexts. We hope that practical aspects will be questioned on this occasion, while raising methodologicalchallenges and its impact on research data.The special issue on Automatic Text Recognition (ATR) is therefore dedicated to providing a comprehensiveoverview of the use of ATR in the humanities field, particularly concerning historical documentsin the early 2020s. This issue presents a fusion of engineering and philological aspects, catering to bothbeginners and experienced users interested in launching projects with ATR. The collection encompassesa diverse array of approaches, covering topics such as data creation or collection for training genericmodels, reaching specific objectives, technical and HTR machine architecture, segmentation methods,and image processing.

Toward Automatic Typography Analysis: Serif Classification and Font Similarities

Whether a document is of historical or contemporary significance, typography plays a crucial role in its composition. From the early days of modern printing, typographic techniques have evolved and transformed, resulting in changes to the features of typography. By analyzing these features, we can gain insights into specific time periods, geographical locations, and messages conveyed through typography. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to investigate the feasibility of training a model to classify serif typeswithout knowledge of the font and character. We also investigate how to train a vectorial-based image model able to group together fonts with similar features. Specifically, we compare the use of state-of-theart image classification methods, such as the EfficientNet-B2 and the Vision Transformer Base model with different patch sizes, and the state-of-the-art fine-grained image classification method, TransFG, on the serif classification task. We also evaluate the use of the DeepSVG model to learn to group fonts with similar features. Our investigation reveals that fine-grained image classification methods are better suited for the serif classification tasks and that leveraging the character labels helps to learn more meaningful font similarities.This repository contains: - Paper published in the Journal of data mining and digital humanities:WasimEtAl_Toward_Automatic_Typography_Analysis__Serif_Classification_and_Font_Similarities.pdf - Two datasets: The first for serif classification consisting of 126666 training and 2914 font-independent testing images in raster format. The second dataset for svg based similarity learning consists of 124010 training and 2914 font-independent testing images. The images have been categorized into sans-serif, linear-serif, slab-serif, and triangular serif by a designer at the EPFL+ECAL Labfont_serif_dataset.zipfont_svg_dataset.zip - model weights:serif_B_16_long_checkpoint.bin: refers to TransFG ViT B/16 Backendserif_B_32_long_checkpoint.bin: refers to TransFG ViT B/32 BackendViT-B_16.npz ViT-B_32.npz are publicly available at: https://github.com/TACJu/TransFGand were used for training TransFG ViT B/16 Backend and TransFG ViT B/32 Backend - code:https://github.com/TalalWasim/GEST-Serif

Loan Operation in the Issues of Revisions of “Reliability of Capitals and Cashiers” of Mining Associations of State-Owned Mining Plants (second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries)

This article discusses some fragmentary known aspects of the history of mining partnerships – the first domestic institution created in addition to state pension guarantees for retired "free rural residents" of state-owned mining plants in the Caucasus, the Urals, Karelia and Eastern Siberia.
 When writing the article, materials from two Russian archives and, mainly, pre-revolutionary author's publications in the Mining Journal, the official publication of the Mining Scientific Committee, were used.
 The problematic characteristics of loan transactions are analyzed by the content of the identified facts of "neglect" and "damages" investigated during inspections of the activities of the Kusinsky, Zlatoust and Satka partnerships in 1881, 1877–1884 and 1911–1913, respectively. The indicators of financial and material "sustainability" of the system of partnerships as new formations of the post-reform era are given.
 For citation: Orlov P.A. Loan Operation in the Issues of Revisions of “Reliability of Capitals and Cashiers” of Mining Associations of State-Owned Mining Plants (second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries). From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2023, vol.13, no.3, pp.46–59. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2023-13-3.46-59 (In Russian)

Review: Adolph Sutro: King of the Comstock Lode and Mayor of San Francisco, by William R. Huber

Review: <i>Adolph Sutro: King of the Comstock Lode and Mayor of San Francisco</i>, by William R. Huber

Editorial Acknowledgments and Introduction to the Special Issue for the EDM Journal Track

For the seventh time, EDM 2021 held a Journal track allowing papers submitted to JEDM to be presented at the conference. A summary was included in the EDM 2021 proceedings, and the full texts are included in this Special Issue of the Journal of Educational Data Mining (JEDM). The JEDM Track at EDM 2021 received 7 submissions, among which 3 made it to the final stage in time for publication. We are pleased to publish the following works in this issue.

Corrigendum to “Study on the possibilities of treatment of combustion by-products from fluidized bed boilers into a product devoid of free calcium oxide” [Journal of Sustainable Mining 14 (4) (2015) 164–172

Corrigendum to “Study on the possibilities of treatment of combustion by-products from fluidized bed boilers into a product devoid of free calcium oxide” [Journal of Sustainable Mining 14 (4) (2015) 164–172

The work of the Learned Mining Committee in Imperial Russia: 1825–1917

The article describes activities of the Learning Mining Committee, an administrative body that existed in the Russian Empire from 1825 to 1917. It analyzes the reasons for creating the Committee and describes in brief the changes in the legal status of the Committee in the public administration system of the Russian Empire. It is analyzed the organization’s Charter, as well as the conditions for joining it. Most of the article is devoted to the analysis of publications of the Committee on the history of metallurgy. One of the sources of research was the Journal of Mining. The Committee has published it from 1825 to 1917. The article identified and analyzed forty-seven publications on the history of metallurgy in the Journal of Mining. One of the research objectives was to determine the professional affiliation of the authors of historical articles. The analysis revealed that the mining engineers, officials and local historians were the authors of that works. However, in all publications, they paid more attention to socio-economic history than to the history of technology. The article also analyzes books on the history of metallurgy that were published by the Committee. The research data may be used in further research on the historiography of the history of metallurgy. The article is of interest to researchers of the history of science and technology.

Identification of digital technologies and digitalisation trends in the mining industry

Digitalisation in mining refers to the use of computerised or digital devices or systems and digitised data that are to reduce costs, improve business productivity, and transform mining practices. However, it remains increasingly difficult for mining companies to decide which digital technologies are most relevant to their needs and individual mines. This paper provides an overview of digital technologies currently relevant to mining companies as presented and discussed by mining journals, the media and insight reports of leading consultancy agencies. Relevant technologies were systematically identified using text-mining techniques, and network analyses established the relations between significant technologies. Results demonstrated that currently 107 different digital technologies are pursued in the mining sector. Also, an analysis of the actual implementation of digital technologies in 158 active surface and underground mines reveals a limited uptake of digital technologies in general and that the uptake increases with the run-of-mine production. Large-scale mining operations appear to select and apply digital technologies suitable to their needs, whereas operations with lower production rates do not implement the currently available digital technologies to the same extent. These minor producers may require other digital transformation solutions tailored to their capabilities and needs and applicable to their scale of operations.

Queensland Mining Journal analytics: new information from old data

The Queensland Mining Journal represents a wealth of information relating to mining activities in the state, from 1800 to the present day. This material has been scanned and made available in the p...

Professor Dr. Dragana T. Živković – biography

On 26 November 2016, Professor dr DRAGANA ŽIVKOVIĆ passed away. She was a full-time professor and Dean of the Technical Faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B-Metallurgy, as well as the Founder and Chairman of the Committee for Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams of Serbia.

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in abandoned Giap Lai pyrite mine (Phu Tho Province)

Giap Lai pyrite mine had been exploited in the period 1975 - 1999, and abandoned after the mine became closed. This work is conducted with the aim to evaluate the impacts of the abandoned mine to the environment. 23 surface water, 15 ground water and 20 soil samples from the mining area were collected for experiments. Acid production potential and metal leaching of waste materials from tailings were tested. Results show that acid rock drainage (ARD) in the old mining area still occurs, with sulfide-rich tailings and waste rocks being sources of ARD, causing elevated metal concentrations in downstream water bodies. Surface water shows significant pollution of Fe, Mn, Ni and partially As. In the rainy season, the percentage of surface water samples having low pH values as well as metal contents in samples is higher than in the dry season. Metal concentrations in ground water are generally low, but many samples have low pH values, indicating the influence of the ARD. The geo-accumulation index reveals that soil from mining area is moderately contaminated with Ni, Cu, Hg and partially As. Most of the polluted samples are located near old mining pits, waste dumps and tailing ponds. The study also shows that negative effect of Giap Lai pyrite mine on the surrounding water and soil has been ongoing. However, no post-closure remediation measures have been applied at the mine, so there must be appropriate solutions for the acid mine drainage treatment before its being discharged to the environment. Given the facts revealed by this study, it is recommended that the Environmental Protection Law should be fully implemented at mining sites not only during the exploitation but also after their closures.References AMIRA, 2002. ARD Test Handbook. Project P387A Prediction &amp; Kinetic Control of Acid Mine Drainage. AMIRA international May 2002, 42p. Çevik, F., Göksu, M. Z. L., Derici, O. B., Fındık, Ö., 2009. An assessment of metal pollution in surface sediments of Seyhan dam by using enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and statistical analyses. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 152, 309-317. EPA, 2000. Abandoned mine site characterization and cleanup hand book, 129p, (https://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/amscch.pdf). Ghrefat, H.A., Abu-Rukah, Y., Rosen, M.A., 2011. Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Kafrain Dam, Jordan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 178, 95-109. IAEA, 2000. Reference Sheet, reference material. Trace elements in soil. (https://nucleus.iaea.org/rpst/Documents/rs_iaea-soil-7.pdf). INAP, 2009. Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide. International Network for Acid Prevention. (http://www.gardguide.com/index.php/Main_Page). Loska, K., Wiechula, D., Korus, I. 2004. Metal contamination of farming soils affected by industry. Environment International, 30(2), 159-165. MCMPR/MCA, 2010. Strategic Framework for Managing Abandoned Mines in the Minerals Industry, http://www.industry.gov.au/resource/Mining/Documents/StrategicFrameworkforManagingAbandonedMines.pdf. Mhlongo, S.E. and Amponsah-Dacosta, F., 2015. A review of problems and solutions of abandoned mines in South Africa, International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, DOI: 10.1080/17480930.2015.1044046. Müller, G., 1969. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal 2, 108-118. Newton, G., et al, 2000. California’s Abandoned Mines. A Report on the Magnitude and Scope of the Issue in the State, Vol.1, 60p. Http://www.conservation.ca.gov/omr/abandoned_mine_lands/AML_Report/Documents/volume1textonly.pdf Nordstrom, D.K., Alpers, C.N., 1999. Geochemistry of acid mine waste. In “Review in Economic Geology, the environmental geochemistry of ore deposits”/Eds. G.S.Plumlee, M.J. Logsdon. Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues Vol.6A, 133-160. Nowrouzi, M. and Pourkhabbaz, A., 2014. Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 26(2),99-105. Pham Tich Xuan, Nguyen Van Pho, Hoang Tuyet Nga, Doan Thi Thu Tra, Cai Van Truong, Nguyen Van Thu, Vu Manh Long, 2010. Heavy metal pollution in some metal mines in the Northern Vietnam. Procceding of Conference in commemoration of the 35th day of Establish of VAST. Environment and Energy, Hanoi, 236-244 (in Vietnamese with English abstract). Sobek, A.A., Schuller, W.A., Freeman, J.R. and Smith, R.M., 1978. Field and laboratory methods applicable to overburden and minesoils. Report EPA 600/2-78-054, US Environmental Protection Agency, 204p. Tarras-Wahlberg N.H, Lan T. Nguyen, 2008. Environmental regulatory failure and metal contamination at the Giap Lai pyrite mine, Northern Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Management, 86(4), 712-720. Tran Xuan Toan, 1963. Some characteristics of pyrite mineralization in the Giap Lai deposit, Phu Thọ. Geology 10, 18-24, Hanoi (in Vietnamese). Wei, Z., Wang, D., Zhou, H., Qi, Z., 2011. Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution with Principal Component Analysis and Geoaccumulation Index. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10, 1946 -1952. Zawadzki, J and P. Fabijan´czyk, P., 2013. Geostatistical evaluation of lead and zinc concentration in soils of an old mining area with complex land management. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10, 729-742. Ziemkiewicz, P., J. Renton and T. Rymer, 1991. Prediction and Control of Acid Mine Drainage: Effect of Rock Type and Amendment. Proceedings Twelfth Annual West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium, April 3-4, Morgantown, West Virginia, Vol.1, 51-54.

International Journal of Mining, Metallurgy &amp; Mechanical Engineering (IJMMME) Volume 5, Issue 1 (2017) ISSN 2320–4060 (Online)

International Journal of Mining, Metallurgy &amp; Mechanical Engineering (IJMMME) Volume 5, Issue 1 (2017) ISSN 2320–4060 (Online)

Corrigendum to “Study on the possibilities of treatment of combustion by-products from fluidized bed boilers into a product devoid of free calcium oxide” [Journal of Sustainable Mining 14 (4) (2015) 164–172

Corrigendum to “Study on the possibilities of treatment of combustion by-products from fluidized bed boilers into a product devoid of free calcium oxide” [Journal of Sustainable Mining 14 (4) (2015) 164–172

Performance Evaluation of an Improved Model for Keyphrase Extraction in Documents

Keyphrases are one of the most important parts of a document that give an insight on how a specific document is related. Keyphrase extraction systems are becoming increasingly vital in extracting quality keyphrases. They extract quality phrases that describe a document at hand. Existing keyphrase extraction systems, that employed the unsupervised approach, extract non-domain-specific keyphrases, thereby producing generic keyphrases. An improved model for domain-specific keyphrase extraction in journal articles is therefore proposed in this study. It is a framework that employs document structure, term frequency and inverse document frequency, noun phrase identifier and domain knowledge for keyphrase extraction. Data used in this research include nouns and stop words in English Language. Author-assigned keyphrases were extracted from the International Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Processing (IJDKP) between the year 2011 and year 2014 for building the domain knowledge and testing the system. It was implemented using Java programming language and MySQL query language. Evaluation was carried out using precision, recall and f-measure as performance metrics. The results obtained show that the proposed system yielded an average precision, recall and f-measure of 27%, 53% and 35% respectively compared to the existing model – MAUI - which yielded average precision, recall and f-measure of 23%, 45% and 35% respectively. This shows that the proposed model outperformed the existing model by 5%.

Building New Lives, Maintaining Old Identities: Irish Associations in Michigan’s Copper Country, 1860-1900

Building New Lives, Maintaining Old Identities: Irish Associations in Michigan’s Copper Country, 1860-1900 William H. Mulligan Jr. The celebration of Saint Patrick’s Day is a common event throughout the Irish diaspora. In the United States, its celebration dates back to the colonial period with observances in Boston and Savannah among other cities with Irish populations. Notably, St. Patrick’s Day has not always been an Irish Catholic observance. As Mike Cronin and Daryl Adair suggest in their history of the day, The Wearing of the Green (2002), the holiday deserves more serious attention from scholars than it has received, if only because the celebrations offer a window into each particular community, and how the community defined itself and responded to the challenges it faced at various times in its history.1 That is certainly the case in the Michigan Copper Country, an area in the Upper Peninsula comprising Keweenaw, Baraga, Houghton, and Ontonogan Counties. There, St. Patrick’s Day was the central event in the various Irish communities’ year. However, the observance was only one part of the communities’ efforts to keep in touch with events in Ireland and to maintain Irish identity. In addition to their March 17 celebrations, the Irish of the Upper Peninsula established and supported a number of organizations. Those organizations and their activities give us an insight into the lives and concerns of the Irish in Michigan’s Copper Country, who unfortunately have left few direct records of their lives. Ethnic organizations have been, and remain, an important way in which all American immigrant groups have dealt with the tensions, pressures, and adjustments inherent in migration.2 These organizations played varied roles in the lives of their members. Most provided protection from the uncertainties of life in a frequently hostile and dangerous new environment; others helped continue familiar cultural practices and customs; and all ethnic organizations [End Page 109] provided opportunities to fill positions involving leadership and responsibility often denied immigrants and their children by the larger society. Collectively, such organizations helped to create and sustain a sense of community among newcomers.3 Of course, non-immigrant, native-born Americans were equally active in fraternal and benevolent organizations. For much of the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, Americans participated in social, fraternal, and benevolent societies on a scale that invariably drew the attention and comments of European travelers. In this respect, Irish immigrants in Michigan’s Copper Country during the last half of the nineteenth century were not different from other immigrant groups. They formed a large number of organizations that served various purposes in their new home. No formal records of any of these organizations appear to be extant—or at least, none have yet been found—but their activities were covered extensively in the region’s newspapers, among them the Portage Lake Mining Gazette, the Copper Country Evening News, and the Northwestern Mining Journal. This press coverage makes it possible to reconstruct much of this aspect of Irish immigrant life in the Michigan Copper Country. Many of the organizations that Copper Country Irish immigrants formed were similar in purpose to those of other ethnic groups, both in the Copper Country and elsewhere; one of the most frequent purposes was to provide for a proper wake and burial as well as some modest monetary benefits for surviving widows and children. Nonetheless, distinctly Irish groups and purposes do form part of the associational history of the region. They reflect the continuing interest and involvement of the Irish of the diaspora in political and economic events unfolding in Ireland, such as Fenianism, the Land League, and the cause of Irish freedom most generally. It is difficult to determine if the concerns of these organizations were based on the Irish experience of the men and women of the Copper Country—but they clearly reflect an awareness of and deep interest in events in Ireland The experience of the mid-nineteenth century Irish immigrants in the Copper Country differed, in some ways, from that of other Irish immigrant communities. They were, to a substantial degree, skilled workers and among the pioneer settlers of the region. A significant portion of the men were experienced...

Editorial for International Journal of biomedical Data Mining

Copyright: © 2014 Dong G, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This issue of the International Journal of Biomedical Data Mining presents two contributed articles. The first article, entitled Data Inventory for Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy for Outcome Analysis and Modeling, authored by Jason Vickress, Rob Barnett and Slav Yartsev, describes a database created for storing and analyzing patient specific data related to pre-treatment condition, treatment planning, and treatment outcomes, for patients receiving radiotherapy based cancer treatment. The proposed database can perform automated analysis regarding quality assurance, dose accumulation for multiple treatments on different machines and can assist physicians in choosing the optimal radiation therapy for new patients. The second article, entitled Likelihood Ratio Test of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Using Uncertain Genotypes for Sibship Data, authored by Qiong Li, Helene Massam and Xin Gao, is concerned with the problem of testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of genotype frequencies in the area of population genetics. This paper develops an Expectation-Maximization algorithm to estimate the genotype frequencies for sibship data with genotype uncertainty, and develops a likelihood ratio test of HardyWeinberg equilibrium for sibships where parental genotypes are not available and where genotyping errors may exist.

The German-Russian entrepreneur Andreas Knauf: apractical man in the Urals

In the previous issue of the journal, the author wrote about the industrial history of the Urals in reference to the life of Andreas Knauf (b. 05.05.1765 – d. after 1835 in Russia), a Russian-German entrepreneur and renowned personality who contributed significantly to Ural mining and cast iron industries. Being a renowned first-guild merchant and manufacturer in the Urals, Andreas Knauf became recognized for introducing new technologies in the Urals. He was a new type of businessman, caring for the material and physical wellbeing of his workers. He invested in a hospital and church, and introduced immunization against the vaccinia virus, and consequently saved thousands of cattle. Also, he invited German masters from Izhevsk and Germany, sent serfs’ children to study in Saint Petersburg (Mining Cadet Corps) and in Moscow (Moscow Commercial School). Knauf ’s service for the region resulted in increased productivity in Ural plants and improvements in their technical potential. Knauf constantly modernized production, which allowed the Zlatoust Plant’s profits to triple. He was also the first to introduce steam engines in the Urals. In 1811 he started to use steel to produce hard-to-get tools and household objects. The Russian government used his plant as a monopoly for producing cold weapons in Russia, which indirectly demonstrates that his industrial policies helped drive modernization. Being an autodidact, the businessman became an expert at metalworking, and he experimented at the Alexandrovsky Foundry in Saint Petersburg, often writing reviews on the development of the metallurgical industry for the Mining Journal. He became an honoured member of Moscow University and the Imperial Saint Petersburg Society of Naturalists.

Publicaciones de principios del siglo XX sobre las minas de oro en Costa Rica

Three articles about the gold mines of Costa Rica, published by international mining journals at the be-ginning of the 20th century, are analyzed. The objective of two of the articles is to attract the interest in the investment of foreign capital for the development of the gold mines. The articles were written during the “Second Cycle of Gold Mining in Costa Rica”, when numerous mining engineers carried out evaluations of the older gold mines. The data presented seem to be exaggerated, especially with respect to the width and tenor of the veins.

&lt;em&gt;Regulating Health and Safety in the British Mining Industries, 1800––1914&lt;/em&gt;, by Catherine Mills

Reviewed by: Regulating Health and Safety in the British Mining Industries, 1800–1914 Marjorie Levine-Clark (bio) Regulating Health and Safety in the British Mining Industries, 1800–1914, by Catherine Mills; pp. xxv + 284. Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2010, £70.00, $134.95. After the recent mining disasters in Chile and West Virginia, mine safety and the occupational health of miners are clearly issues of great urgency. Catherine Mills explores these issues in the context of nineteenth-century Britain, when industrial legislation was in its infancy. By comparing the development of legislative regulations concerning the mining of coal and of metals such as iron, lead, tin, and copper, Mills demonstrates very different trajectories regarding the histories of occupational protections in these industries. Mills relies on parliamentary papers and debates, mining inspectors’ reports, newspapers, and mining journals to chart the path of reform. She argues that the economic significance of coal mining to the British economy, the visibility of the dangers to coal miners, and the demands of colliers themselves drew reformers and [End Page 138] politicians to the cause of coal mine safety much more readily than did the more internal ailments and self-sufficiency rhetoric of metal miners. The “marked differences in visibility of hazard” put coal mining on the occupational safety agenda (38), while leaving metal mining behind. There is much that is valuable in this study. Mills carefully explores the ways in which changing technologies not only created greater industrial productivity but also increased the dangers for mine workers. The very success of coal mining, due to the rate of production demanded by industrialization, brought more laborers into mining, thus increasing the numbers of workers affected by dangerous conditions such as falling shafts and ventilation problems. It was the impact of explosions in coal mines and the numbers of colliers who died at one time, however, that created an active humanitarian interest calling for reform in coal. Even more importantly, coal miners organized themselves to demand change in the 1840s and forced government conversion to at least the principle of regulation. Colliers and inspectors continued to push for improvements in both safety provisions and their oversight. Increasing scientific knowledge concerning the dangers of mining over the course of the last quarter of the century also contributed to an environment in favor of more regulation. By examining both coal and metal mining, Mills deftly illustrates that attitudes toward state intervention among workers were diverse and contradictory. Paralleling the arguments of Jamie Bronstein on workers’ compensation in Caught in the Machinery: Workplace Accidents and Injured Workers in Nineteenth-Century Britain (2008), Mills shows that while colliers saw a positive role for the state in protecting their health, metal miners stressed their independence and self-sufficiency to the point that they eschewed state assistance. Traditions of bargaining and control over labor practices by metal miners—particularly those in Cornwall—created a workforce that was actually hostile to reform and reluctant to organize formally. Indeed, metal miners accepted the dangers of their work as part of the job, for which their own skill was the best protection. Without workforce buy-in, regulation could not get very far. Additionally, metal mining by the second half of the century was generally suffering industrial decline, and less attention was paid to the health of metal miners. When the first act regulating the metalliferous mining industry came on the books in 1872, it was largely derivative of legislation protecting coal miners and failed to address the problems unique to mining metals, particularly the causes of miners’ pthisis. While safety regulations led to a decrease in mortality for colliers, this was not the case for metal miners, whose occupational mortality actually went up significantly at the end of the century. Unfortunately, these valuable observations are marred by a rather clunky theoretical framework, lack of chronological clarity, and editorial errors. As is the case with many studies of the development of Victorian state intervention, Mills aims to place herself within the historiographical debates regarding the nature of government growth. Yet instead of staking her own territory, Mills remains in constant conversation with Oliver MacDonagh’s model of government intervention, continually checking her evidence against MacDonagh’s framework...