Journal Of Immunology Research Articles

Mapping the relationship between atopic dermatitis and gut microbiota: a bibliometric analysis, 2014-2023.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting a significant portion of the population, with prevalence rates of 25% in children and 7-10% in adults. AD not only poses physical challenges but also profoundly impacts patients' mental well-being and quality of life. The stability of gut microbiota is crucial for overall health and can influence AD progression by modulating immune function, skin barrier integrity, and neuroendocrine signaling, which may be an effective target for the prevention and treatment of AD. Thus, exploring the interactions between AD and gut microbiota, particularly in infants, can provide insights into potential preventive and therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to explore the correlation between AD and gut microbiota while providing an overview of current research trends and emerging areas of interest in this field. A comprehensive search was conducted on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for relevant publications from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. English-language articles and reviews were included. Two investigators independently screened the publications, and visual analysis was performed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, and Microsoft Excel software. A total of 804 articles were included, showing a significant increase in publications over the past decade. The United States, Wageningen University, and University Ulsan (represented by Hong SJ) had the highest number of published papers. Nutrients was the journal with the most publications, while the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology had the highest number of citations and centrality among co-cited journals. Keyword visualization analysis identified "atopic dermatitis" and "gut microbiota" as central themes. Notably, there has been a notable shift in research focus over the years, with early studies concentrating on "Fecal microbiota," "caesarean section," and "first 6 months," while recent studies have highlighted the roles of "cells," "dysbiosis," and "prebiotics." This shift indicates growing interest in the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions related to the intestinal microecology in AD treatment. The field of AD and gut microbiota research has evolved significantly, with an increasing focus on understanding the intricate interactions between gut microbiota and AD pathogenesis. Recent years have witnessed increased interest in understanding the relationship between AD and gut microbiota, with researchers conducting extensive studies exploring various aspects of this connection. This review analyzes research trends over the past decade, highlighting trends and hotspots in the study of AD, particularly in infants, and the role of microbiota. This review serves as a valuable reference for future investigations, aiming to provide deeper insights into this burgeoning field and suggests directions for future research.

Bibliometric analysis of dendritic cell-based vaccines over the past 15 years

ABSTRACT Dendritic cells, which are crucial for inducing T-cell responses, are pivotal in current immunotherapy strategies aiming to replenish depleted T cells within the tumor microenvironment to combat tumors. Consequently, dendritic cell vaccine-based cancer therapies have garnered significant attention. Through bibliometric analysis, we examined research trends in this field. We searched the Web of Science core database and identified 16,476 articles on dendritic cell-based vaccines published from January 1, 2009, to December 30, 2023. The United States leads in this research domain, with Emory University being a prominent collaborator. The Journal of Immunology is the primary publication outlet, and Banchereau, J emerges as the most influential author. Recent hot keywords include nanoparticle, delivery, cancer vaccine, and clinical trial, indicating that cancer immunotherapy research, especially dendritic cell-based vaccines, is poised to become a future trend and hotspot.

Research progress of airway inflammation in asthma: A bibliometric analysis.

In recent years, the prevalence of asthma has gradually increased and the number of asthmatics worldwide has reached 358 million, which has caused huge economic loss. Airway inflammation is an important feature of asthma, and international research in this field has a high degree of heat. Therefore, this paper uses the bibliometric method to systematically review and visualize the literature in this field, aiming to provide some reference value for follow-up related research. To retrieve the research literature on airway inflammation in asthma from 2003 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection database. The bibliometric method was used to systematically analyze the included literature data by using visualization analysis software such as CiteSpace (6.2. R4) and VOSviewer (1.6.19). A total of 1892 articles published in 423 journals were included in this study, from 1912 institutions in 62 countries/regions. The number of articles published between 2003 and 2022 showed a trend of fluctuating growth. The country with the largest number of articles published was China (558,29.49 %), followed by the United States (371,19.61 %) and Korea (212,11.21 %). Gibson, Peter G is the author with the highest number of publications, and Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology is the most published journal. This study systematically reveals the state of the literature in the field of airway inflammation in asthma over the past 20 years. The exploration of inflammatory cell components, pathway molecules and biological agents are research hotspots in this field and should be further studied.

Comparison of clinical research trends and hotspots in allergic rhinitis and asthma from 2013 to 2023 based on bibliometric analysis

PurposeTo analyze and compare clinical research trends and hot topics in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma and provide valuable theoretical data and references for future research. MethodsClinical studies focusing on AR or asthma published from 2013 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Eligible articles were screened and analyzed using bibliometrics from multiple indicators. ResultsA total of 261 eligible articles on AR and 991 qualified articles on asthma were screened. The following bibliometric analyses identified the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology as the most influential publication on AR and asthma and proved the significant contributions of Harvard University in clinical studies on AR and asthma. The analyses also revealed that the top ten prolific authors for AR were from China, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany, whereas the top ten productive authors for asthma were mainly from the USA. Collaborations among countries for AR were relatively concentrated in the Occident, whereas international cooperation on asthma was mainly achieved by the Occident and certain Eastern countries. ConclusionsThis study compared and analyzed the current status and evolution of AR and asthma-related clinical research using bibliometric analysis. Additionally, the study comprehensively summarized the impactful authors, institutions, and countries, and revealed the replacement and evolution of hotspots.

Spotlight on macrophage pyroptosis: A bibliometric and visual analysis from 2001 to 2023

Macrophage pyroptosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, especially acute lung injury, atherosclerosis, and sepsis. Despite its importance, analysis of the existing literature has been limited. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of research on macrophage pyroptosis and identify the current research foci and trends in this field. We collected articles related to macrophage pyroptosis published between 2001 and 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed. Citespace, VOSviewer, bibliometrix R package, and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used to analyze co-occurrence relationships and the contribution of countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. In total, 1321 papers were included. China and the United States of America published the most articles in this field. TD Kanneganti had the most publications; BT Cookson was the most cited. Although China contributed the most publications, it had a relatively low ratio of multiple-country collaborations (0.132). Among journals, Frontiers in Immunology and Cell Death Disease published the most papers; Nature and the Journal of Immunology were frequently co-cited. Frequently occurring keywords included “inflammation,” “NLRP3 inflammasome,” “apoptosis,” “caspase-1,” and “cell death.” Moreover, with the advancement of gene editing technology and the integration of clinical applications, novel molecules (“caspases,” “GSDMD,” “ASC”), programmed cell death topics (“pyroptosis,” “ferroptosis,” “necrosis”), and clinical applications (“alveolar macrophage,” “atherosclerosis,” “prognosis”) emerged as frontiers. The macrophage pyroptosis field is rapidly evolving and holds promise as a potential target for treating macrophage pyroptosis-related diseases.

Past and present discovery of the BAFF/APRIL system – A bibliometric study from 1999 to 2023

Cytokines from the Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) family are important regulators of both physiological and pathological processes. The discovery of novel TNF ligands and receptors, BAFF and APRIL, have opened up new possibilities for scientists to explore the effect of these cytokines on the human immune system. The role of BAFF/APRIL system in B lymphocytes is particularly important for survival and maintenance of homeostasis. Aberrant expression of the system is associated with various immunological disorders. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the past and present BAFF/APRIL system research development in a bibliometric perspective. To our best knowledge, this is the first ever bibliometric analysis conducted focusing on the BAFF/APRIL system. A total of 1055 relevant documents were retrieved from WoSCC. Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and Biblioshiny of R studio were bibliometric tools used to analyse the scientific literature. From 1999, the annual publications showed an upward trend, with Journal of Immunology being the most productive journal. USA leads the race for BAFF/APRIL system research developments. Pascal Schneider, a senior researcher affiliated with University of Lausanne, Switzerland was recognised as the most productive author and institution in the BAFF/APRIL system research field. The research focus transitioned from focusing on the role of the system in B cell biology, to immunological disorders and finally to development of BAFF/APRIL targeting drugs. Despite several studies elucidating briefly the pathway mechanism of BAFF/APRIL system in B-cell selection, substantial research on the mechanism of action in disease models and T cell activation and development of immunomodulating drugs from natural origins remains largely unexplored. Therefore, future research focusing on these areas are crucial for the deeper understanding of the system in disease manifestations and progression allowing a better treatment management for various immunological disorders.

Health-related quality of life in patients with inborn errors of immunity: a bibliometric analysis.

Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) are characterized by a heightened susceptibility to infections, allergies, and various other health complications. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in patients with IEI is a critical area of research that demands attention due to the impact of IEI on patients' lives. This study utilized bibliometric methods, aiming to comprehensively explore the research content and hotspots in the field of HRQOL in patients with IEI. This bibliometric analysis utilized data from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) within the Web of Science core datasets up to January 1, 2024. The study focused on literature that addressed HRQOL in IEI patients, involving a total of 1,807 authors and 309 articles published across 112 journals. The analysis included publication volume and growth trends, country and institutional contributions, authorship, and journal analysis. The research found that despite the importance of HRQOL in IEI, the volume of publications in this field remains consistently low, with no significant increase in trend. The USA leads in publication and citation volumes, reflecting a geographical imbalance in research contributions. Key journals in this field include the Journal of Clinical Immunology, Frontiers in Immunology, and the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. The study highlights that while treatments like hematopoietic stem cell transplants and gene therapy have improved patient IEI survival rates, they still often come with significant side effects impacting HRQOL. The analysis underlines the need for comprehensive HRQOL assessments in IEI, considering the physical and psychological impacts of treatments. This study represents a bibliometric analysis focusing on HRQOL in patients with. It underscores the need for more extensive and systematic research in this area, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Despite advancements in medical treatments for IEI, there is a crucial need to focus on HRQOL to enhance patient satisfaction and overall well-being. The findings advocate for more personalized treatment plans and a better understanding of the psychosocial needs of patients with IEI to improve their quality of life.

Retraction: Ku86 Variant Expression and Function in Multiple Myeloma Cells Is Associated with Increased Sensitivity to DNA Damage.

We wish to retract the article titled "Ku86 Variant Expression and Function in Multiple Myeloma Cells Is Associated with Increased Sensitivity to DNA Damage" by Yu-Tzu Tai, Gerrard Teoh, Boris Lin, Faith E. Davies, Dharminder Chauhan, Steven P. Treon, Noopur Raje, Teru Hideshima, Yoshihito Shima, Klaus Podar, and Kenneth C. Anderson, The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165:6347-6355. There are concerns about the reliability of certain data, arising from errors in the assembly of Figs. 1B, 1D. The authors have concluded that these figures cannot be used to support the conclusions of the article. Given these concerns, the authors would like to respectfully request that this paper be retracted. Yu-Tzu Tai Boris Lin Faith Davies Dharminder Chauhan Steven Treon Noopur Raje Teru Hideshima Yoshihito Shima Klaus Podar Kenneth C. Anderson Dana Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston, MA.

Mapping the intellectual structure of the research of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria: A bibliometric analysis

BackgroundGuidelines for treating Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) recommend using the IgE-targeted biologic Omalizumab in patients with antihistamine-refractory disease. ObjectiveTo present a bibliometric review of publications related to Omalizumab and CSU over the past two decades. MethodsPublications that are relevant from 2003 to 2022 were extracted from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database as of January 8, 2023. We utilized CiteSpace (version 6.1.R3), VOSviewer (version 1.6.18), and the R package (version 4.2.1) to analyze and visualize the data. The R package bibliometrix (version 4.2.1) was also used. ResultsBetween 2003 and 2022, a total of 566 articles were published. Since 2014, there has been a rapid increase in publication outputs. According to the collaboration network, the most influential country/institute/scholar was the USA, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Maurer Marcus, respectively. The study identified the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice as the most productive journal and the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology as the most co-cited journal. The analysis of keywords revealed that high-frequency terms such as angioedema, IgE, treatment, anti-IgE, asthma, and atopic dermatitis were present. Moreover, recent studies in this area have mainly concentrated on biomarkers, Dupilumab, and COVID-19. ConclusionThere has been a growing interest in the use of Omalizumab in CSU in recent years. The current trending topics in this research are the identification of biomarkers and the development of new monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of CSU.

Global knowledge mapping and emerging research trends in the microbiome and asthma: A bibliometric and visualized analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace

BackgroundNumerous prior studies have extensively highlighted the significance of the microbiome in association with asthma. While several studies have concentrated on the asthma microbiome in previous research, there is currently a lack of publications that employ bibliometric methods to assess this area. MethodsIn this study, the Web of Science Core Collection database was utilized as the data source, and the SCI-EXPANDED index was employed to ensure that the retrieved data were comprehensive and accurate. All original research articles and review articles related to the correlation between asthma and the microbiome were systematically searched from the inception of the database until June 20, 2023. These articles were subsequently visualized and analyzed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. ResultsA total of 1366 relevant publications were acquired, indicating a consistent annual increase in global publications in the field. The United States and China emerged as the top two contributors to international publications. Among prolific authors, Susan V. Lynch achieved the highest publication record, with Hans Bisgaard and Jakob Stokholm sharing the second position. The majority of publications concentrated on allergy-related and microbiome areas, with a few comprehensive journals standing out. Journals with 40 or more publications included the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Allergy, Frontiers in Immunology, and PLOS One. The top 5 cited journals were the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, PLOS One, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, and Nature. Upon analyzing keywords, high-frequency terms, such as asthma, gut microbiota, microbiome, children, childhood asthma, allergy, risk, exposure, inflammation, diversity, and chain fatty acids emerged as representative terms in the field. ConclusionThis study systematically presented a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding the association between asthma and the microbiome over the last two decades. Through a bibliometric perspective, the findings may assist researchers with a better understanding of the essential information in the field.

The CATERPILLERS.

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Cutting Edge: CATERPILLER: A large family of mammalian genes containing CARD, pyrin, nucleotide-binding, and leucine-rich repeat domains,” a pivotal article written by J. A. Harton, M. W. Linhoff, J. Zhang, and J. P.-Y. Ting,” and published in The Journal of Immunology, in 2002. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4088.

The future landscape of immunology in COPD: A bibliometric analysis

BackgroundThis study was conducted to provide a comparative and comprehensive analysis of the last 50 years of research in the immunology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to identify future research priorities and directions. MethodsWe obtained publication information from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Scimago Graphica, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, GraphPad Prism, Microsoft Excel 365, and the R package “bibliometrix” were used for bibliometric analysis. The methodologies used were burst citation, clustering and co-citation, keyword co-occurrence, and cooperative network graph clustering algorithms. ResultsA total of 2239 articles and reviews were included in the analysis. The number of annual publications showed an upward trend amidst fluctuations. The countries, institutions, journals, and authors with the highest number of publications were the USA, Imperial College London (ICL), Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Murphy TF. There are 58 references and 13 keywords with a burst citation nature in the last 3 years, related to the study of inflammatory mechanisms. ConclusionWe used bibliometric analysis to understand the research progress regarding immune function in COPD. Meanwhile, we found that the hotspots of COPD immunology in basic research focus on the analysis of etiology and risk factors, and the exploration of the immune system; and the hotspots of COPD in clinical research focus on epidemiology, and the prevention and management of different subtypes of COPD.

177 Functional Annotation of an Array of Immune Cells and Various Tissues in the Chicken

Abstract Infection and disease negatively affect performance, growth, and health in production animals and has major economic impacts on commercial poultry production. Regulatory elements control the expression of genes and consequently phenotype. Epigenetic modifications such as histone tail modifications and DNA methylation are not only key to the regulation of unique transcriptome patterns, these modifications are indispensable as genome annotators to uncover cell- and tissue-specific regulatory elements. The objectives of our current projects are to leverage transcriptomic and epigenomic methods to annotate transcripts, coding and noncoding, and cis-regulatory elements in the chicken genome, including promoters, enhancers and insulators. In addition, we are employing single-cell sequencing to characterize new or rare cell populations in tissues relevant to production and investigate underlying mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens. The transcriptome of a number of important cells and tissues has been analyzed, including immune, intestinal and reproductive. The animal procedure was approved and conducted according to guidelines established by the Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (WesternU) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Cell and tissue collection, processing and bioinformatic analysis for transcriptome studies were performed as described in Overbey et al. (2021; Frontiers Genetics). Single-cell studies were performed as described in Sparling et al. (2022; Journal of Immunology) using the 10x Genomics platform. Results for the transcriptome studies show that in the immune cells, many DEGs were mostly involved in cellular processes relating to differentiation and cell metabolism as well as basic functions of immune cells such as cell adhesion and signal transduction. This was to be expected, as there was no explicit immunological stimulus involved. Nevertheless, it was notable that DEGs in the comparison between bursa and thymus that were upregulated in the thymus were related to T cell differentiation and maturation. On the other hand, genes differentially upregulated in B cell vs Bursa or Bursa vs Thymus, are mostly involved in B cell development and differentiation, or activation. Genes differentially regulated in B cells and monocytes are involved in specific functions of the cell types. In the intestinal tissues, we were able to correlate most of the differential expressed genes to metabolic processes related to nutrient digestion and absorption. Several genes in the distal part of the intestine were particularly implicated in vitamin metabolism. Genes involved in energy metabolism are also abundant in the cecum, which suggests that microbial contribution of energy production in the intestine is especially important. Finally, single cell studies on the chicken shell gland are ongoing, but we found differences in cellular populations and gene expression dependent on the chicken haplotype profiled and differences in expression of Ig-like receptors that need to be further explored.

Designing Anti-Viral Vaccines that Harness Intrastructural Help from Prior BCG Vaccination.

Vaccines are among the most effective tools for combatting the impact and spread of infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness of a vaccine can be diminished by vaccine inequality, particularly during severe outbreaks of infectious diseases in resource-poor areas. As seen in many developing countries that lack adequate healthcare infrastructure and economic resources, the acquisition and distribution of potentially life-saving vaccines may be limited, leading to prolonged suffering and increased deaths. To improve vaccine equity, vaccine design must take into consideration the logistics needed to implement a successful vaccination drive, particularly among the most vulnerable populations. In the manuscript titled "Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4+ T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses" published in the Journal of Immunology, the authors designed a recombinant subunit vaccine against the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein that can harness the pre-existing T helper cells from prior BCG vaccination. As a recombinant subunit vaccine adjuvanted with alum, this approach has many features that make it well suited for the design of vaccines for developing nations, such as relative ease of production, scalability, and distribution. In addition, the high prevalence of BCG immunization and natural immunity to mycobacteria in many regions of the world endow such vaccines with features that should increase potency and efficacy among populations residing in such regions. As a result of using the helper activity of pre-existing BCG-specific Th cells to drive antibody responses, a lower vaccine dose is needed, which is a major advantage for vaccine manufacture. Furthermore, the BCG-specific Th cells also stimulate immunoglobulin class switching to IgG isotypes that have strong affinities for activating Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). Taken together, we propose that the design of subunit vaccines with intrastructural help from BCG-specific Th cells can improve protection against viral infection and represents a vaccine design that can be generally adapted to other emerging viral pathogens for the control and prevention of infection in many developing countries.

Trends and hotspots of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022

ObjectiveThe study aims to investigate and visualize the hotspots of acupuncture for Allergic rhinitis (AR) over the past two decades and pinpoint future trends in this field. MethodWe conducted a systematic search of English-language articles or reviews on acupuncture for AR in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2002 to 2022. Using Citespace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix, we analyzed and visualized the publications, countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords from various angles. ResultThe study identified 197 documents, 80 journals, 458 keywords, and 928 authors associated with acupuncture for AR. Although article publication fluctuated over the past 20 years, an overall upward trend emerged, with rapid growth during the second decade. China contributed the most to acupuncture research on AR and had the closest collaborations with the United States and Germany. China Medical University was the most prolific institution, and Benno Brinkhaus was the most productive and influential author. The most published journal was Medicine, while the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology was the most frequently cited journal. The highest frequency keywords included acupuncture, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Randomized controlled trials and alternative & complementary medicine remained significant research hotspots, while rhinoconjunctivitis is expected to be the emerging focus of future investigations. Conclusionacupuncture has experienced robust development for the treatment of allergic rhinitis over the last two decades, with rhinoconjunctivitis and clinical research being the anticipated trends and frontiers of future research.

Systematic Review: Impact of Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone, and Thiamine Therapy on Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients

Systematic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Sepsis are inflammatory responses to many health manifestations. Sepsis mortality is high despite global treatment standards, with metabolic resuscitation being a novel approach for managing Sepsis. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of the critical care combination comprising hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and thiamine in potentially mitigating Sepsis, reducing mortality associated with septic shock, and alleviating organ failure. In order to execute this scoping review, recent research based on the effect of vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine therapy in Sepsis and Septic Shock was identified. Data was gathered from Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Hindawi, Scirp, Journal of Immunology, and Critical Care Medicine. Studies selected from different years ranging between 2017 to 2023 using keywords ‘Severe Sepsis,’ ‘Septic Shock,’ ‘Effect of Vitamin C on Sepsis, ‘Effect of Thiamine on Sepsis Treatment,’ ‘Hydrocortisone Therapy in Sepsis,’ ‘SIRS,’ ‘Septic Shock Criteria.’ Access was made to the whole texts of the articles that were found. This review could provide fundamental strategic plans dealing with specific risk factors and managing accordingly. The systemic review has been completed according to the guidelines regulated by Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Research and Meta-Analysis. The initial search for publications on vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine in Sepsis and septic shock retrieved 1710 papers, from which 265 were selected. The reviews’ articles were further evaluated to assess vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine’s effects on Sepsis. Over 80 references were considered for their potential use in medical diagnosis and therapy. This review has included ten recent articles for the last seven years. Intravenous vitamin C, corticosteroids, hydrocortisone, and thiamine prevent organ failure, reduce vasopressor use, and decrease mortality in severe Sepsis and septic shock patients.

A bibliometric analysis of exosomes in sepsis from 2004 to 2022.

The study aims to summarize topical and frontier issues in sepsis and exosomes and provide advice and resources for researchers working in related disciplines. Publications on exosomes in sepsis from 2004 to 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.3 were used to conduct the bibliometric analysis. The number of publications on exosomes in sepsis showed a rapidly rising trend globally. China and the United States were the most published countries. Shanghai Jiao Tong University is the most prolific institution. Frontiers in Immunology was one of the journals with the highest number of papers. Journal of Immunology was the most co-cited journal. Ping Wang was the most productive author. Clotilde Thery was the author who has been cited the most times among co-cited authors. Singer m, 2016, Jama-j am med assoc was the most co-cited reference. "Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes," "microRNAs," "apoptosis," and "immunomodulatory therapy" are the current research hot spots and frontiers. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and trends in sepsis and exosomal research. Researchers working in this area will benefit from the hot spots and trends of exosomes in sepsis discovered through this study.

Mapping current status and emerging trends in NETosis: A bibliometric study.

NETosis is a critical innate immune mechanism of neutrophils that contributes to the accelerated progression of autoimmune diseases, thrombosis, cancer, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the relevant literature by bibliometric methods in order to provide a more comprehensive and objective view of the knowledge dynamics in the field. The literature on NETosis was downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection, analyzed with VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft for co-authorship, co-occurrence, and co-citation analysis. In the field of NETosis, the United States was the most influential countries. Harvard University was the most active institutions. Mariana J. Kaplan and Brinkmann V were, respectively, the most prolific and most co-cited authors. Frontiers in Immunology, Journal of Immunology, Plos One, Blood, Science, Journal of Cell Biology, and Nature Medicine were the most influential journals. The top 15 keywords are associated with immunological and NETosis formation mechanisms. The keywords with the strongest burst detection were mainly related to COVID-19 (coronavirus, ACE2, SARS coronavirus, cytokine storm, pneumonia, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), and cancer (circulating tumor cell). Research on NETosis is currently booming. The mechanism of NETosis and its role in innate immunity, autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and thrombosis are the focus of research in the field of NETosis. A future study will concentrate on the function of NETosis in COVID-19 and recurrent metastasis of cancer.

Acidity promotes the differentiation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells.

The metabolic milieu is emerging as a major contributing factor in the maintenance of the immunosuppressive microenvironment within tumours. In particular, the presence of lactic acid produced by highly glycolytic cancer cells is known to suppress antitumour immune cell subsets while promoting immunosuppressive cell populations, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Unlike conventional T cells, Tregs have a uniquely potent ability to take up lactic acid to fuel both mitochondrial metabolism and gluconeogenesis, supporting suppressive function and proliferation. In this issue of the European Journal of [Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2023.53:2250258], Rao etal. uncover a novel mechanism by which lactic acid can support Treg accumulation within tumours in mice. This study shows that lactic acid, through a pH-dependent mechanism rather than lactate itself, promotes TGFβ-induced differentiation of Tregs from conventional CD4+ T cells. These findings build on the already multifaceted role of lactic acid in maintaining an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Introducing article numbering to the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global

Within the publishing industry, article numbering has emerged as an easy and efficient way to cite journal articles. Article numbering has already been successfully rolled out to Elsevier’s multidisciplinary open access journal Heliyon, as well as more than 1600 other journals, and has been well received by the academic community. Based on that positive feedback, we are now pleased to introduce article numbering to the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global with Volume 2, Issue 2. A unique article number is an abbreviated form of an article’s DOI - digital object identifier. Citing an article with an article number is very simple: the article number is used instead of the page range in the citation.Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon 2018;19:100205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.100205. While journal volumes and issue numbers will remain in place, article numbering will now play the key role in identifying specific articles. The introduction of article numbers brings several benefits for the journal and its readers and authors. •More flexible reading: Article content can be optimized based on the device used to access it, supporting reading on-the-move, without needing to know how many traditional print pages the article takes up.•Increased options for grouping related content: In online collections and Special Issues, articles can now be placed in any order, helping readers to identify papers relevant to their research interests faster.•Faster publication: With article numbers, the version of record of the article is online and citable as soon as the proof corrections have been incorporated, ensuring readers have access to the latest research faster. We are delighted that the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global’s readers and authors will now enjoy these benefits.