Journal Of Counseling Psychology Research Articles

A content analysis of counseling psychology literature: Resilience against oppression among people of color.

The researchers analyzed articles from two flagship counseling psychology journals (i.e., Journal of Counseling Psychology and The Counseling Psychologist) to examine current understandings of resilience. There were 54 articles included in the final analysis that spanned the years 1997-2022. The researchers conducted a content analysis to identify, analyze, and report patterns across counseling psychology journals with regard to how resilience has been defined, the racial/ethnic groups that were of focus, and the forms of oppression that were studied or addressed. Five themes were generated that are a direct representation of the topics within previous literature on resilience in the field of counseling psychology. Those topics included: (a) ways of coping, (b) ethnic and racial identity, (c) advocacy/collective action, (d) personality factors, and (e) ability to endure stress and thrive. Implications for future research, clinical applications, mentoring, and advocacy are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Predicting resistance management skill from psychotherapy experience, intellectual humility and emotion regulation

Objective Resistance management in psychotherapy remains a foundational skill that is associated with positive client outcomes (Westra, H. A., & Norouzian, N. (2018). Using motivational interviewing to manage process markers of ambivalence and resistance in cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42(2), 193–203). However, little is known about which therapist characteristics contribute to successful management of resistance. Research has suggested that psychotherapy performance does not improve with experience (Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1–11), that psychotherapists lack humility (Macdonald, J., & Mellor-Clark, J. (2015). Correcting psychotherapists’ blindsidedness: Formal feedback as a means of overcoming the natural limitations of therapists. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(3), 249–257), and that difficult therapeutic moments may dysregulate therapist emotions (Muran, J. C., & Eubanks, C. F. (2020). Therapist performance under pressure: Negotiating emotion, difference, and rupture. American Psychological Association). This study aimed to 1) identify whether psychotherapy experience (i.e., training versus no training and number of years of psychotherapy experience) was associated with resistance management skill, and 2) identify whether humility and difficulties regulating emotions among trained individuals were each associated with resistance management. Method: A sample of 76 trained and 98 untrained participants were recruited for the present study. All participants completed the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale (CIHS, Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., & Rouse, S. V. (2016). The development and validation of the comprehensive intellectual humility scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(2), 209–221), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54), and the Resistance Vignette Task (RVT; Westra, H. A., Nourazian, N., Poulin, L., Hara, K., Coyne, A., Constantino, M. J., Olson, D., & Antony, M. M. (2021). Testing a deliberate practice workshop for developing appropriate responsivity to resistance markers: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy, 58, 175–185 ) which was used to assess resistance management skill. Results: Trained individuals performed significantly better on resistance management than untrained individuals; however, years of experience within the trained sample were not associated with resistance management. Conversely, lower humility and greater difficulties regulating emotions were each associated with significantly poorer resistance management in trained individuals. Conclusion: These findings suggest the possibility of improving training to focus on key skills, like resistance management, through supporting humility and emotion regulation in training, as opposed to simply acquiring more experience.

Retraction of Gerstenblith et al. (2022).

Reports the retraction of "The triadic effect: Associations among the supervisory working alliance, therapeutic working alliance, and therapy session evaluation" by Judith A. Gerstenblith, Kathryn V. Kline, Clara E. Hill and Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2022[Mar], Vol 69[2], 199-210). The following article is being retracted (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000567). This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan and Hill after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Gerstenblith and Kline were not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2021-88607-001.) Several theorists (Bandura, 1969; Hackney & Goodyear, 1984; Searles, 1955) suggest parallels between the relationship in supervision and the relationship in therapy. We examined supervisor and therapist trainee ratings of supervisory working alliance (SWA) in 1 week predicting client-rated therapeutic working alliance (TWA) and client-rated therapy session evaluation (TSE) in the following week as well as TWA and TSE ratings in 1 week predicting SWA ratings in the following week. Our data included 663 weeks of therapy nested within 28 trainees nested within 15 supervisors, disaggregated into differences between supervisors, differences within supervisors, and differences within trainees. At the between-supervisor level, when supervisors' trainees rated the SWA higher on average compared with other supervisors' trainees' average SWA ratings, their clients' average TWA rating was higher. In contrast, when supervisors rated the SWA higher on average compared with other supervisors' average SWA ratings, their trainees' clients' average TSE rating was higher but the average TWA rating was lower. At the within-supervisor level, when trainees rated a higher SWA on average compared with other trainees' average SWA ratings with the same supervisor, their clients' average TSE rating was higher. The theoretical prediction of parallel relationships in supervision and therapy was supported, but only for between-supervisor and within-supervisor differences in SWA. We found no evidence that week-to-week changes in SWA or client-rated TWA or TSE reflected parallel relationships. We provide suggestions for further research, including exploring the mechanisms through which supervision relates to the therapy process and outcome. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Retraction of Gupta et al. (2018).

Reports the retraction of "Client laughter in psychodynamic psychotherapy: Not a laughing matter" by Shudarshana Gupta, Clara E. Hill and Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2018[Jul], Vol 65[4], 463-473). The following article is being retracted (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000272). This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan and Hill after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Gupta was not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-33326-005.) We studied 814 client laughter events nested within 330 sessions nested within 33 clients nested within 16 therapists at one community clinic in which doctoral student therapists provided psychodynamic psychotherapy to adult community clients. Each laughter event in Sessions 1 to 5 and 16 to 20 was rated for cheerfulness, politeness, reflectiveness, contemptuousness, and nervousness. Across all clients, there was an average of about one laughter even per session. The average laughter event lasted 3.5 seconds, and was characterized primarily by politeness and reflectiveness. Overall amount of client laughter and the characteristics of client laughter did not change across sessions. Most of the variance in the laughter characteristics was at the session level, with less variance attributable to clients and therapists. When client attachment avoidance was high, laughter was less cheerful and more contemptuous. When client attachment anxiety was high, laughter was more nervous. Sessions with more reflective laughter were evaluated more positively by clients, and therapists whose clients had more reflective laughter had more positive client session evaluations. Furthermore, within a therapist's caseload, clients with the most nervous and contemptuous laughter evaluated sessions most positively. Implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Retraction of Robinson et al. (2015).

Reports the retraction of "Crying as communication in psychotherapy: The influence of client and therapist attachment dimensions and client attachment to therapist on amount and type of crying" by Noah Robinson, Clara E. Hill and Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2015[Jul], Vol 62[3], 379-392). The following article is being retracted (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000090). This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan and Hill after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Robinson was not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2015-23479-001.) Nelson (2005) associated 3 types of crying (inhibited, protest, despair) with 3 dimensions of attachment (avoidant, anxious, and secure). To test this theory, trained judges rated the intensity of inhibition, protest, and despair in 347 crying episodes for 40 clients and 14 therapists in 1,074 psychotherapy sessions. Crying occurred once out of every 7 sessions, and usually was characterized by protest or inhibition. Pre-therapy attachment dimensions of both therapist and client influenced crying. Therapists with high attachment avoidance had clients who cried frequently but less over time, whereas therapists with high attachment anxiety had clients who cried with more protest over time. Clients with high attachment anxiety initially cried with more protest and inhibition, but decreased over time, whereas clients with low attachment anxiety increased protest over time. Throughout the course of psychotherapy, therapists who were seen by their clients as establishing a secure attachment elicited more overall crying and a higher intensity of protest, whereas therapists who were seen by their clients as establishing insecure attachments had clients who cried less. Clients who established a secure or avoidant relationship with their therapists, relative to other clients of that therapist, cried infrequently and with inhibition, whereas clients who established a preoccupied relationship cried relatively often. Changes are suggested for Nelson's (2005) typology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Retraction of Marks et al. (2019).

Reports the retraction of "Secrets in psychotherapy: For better or worse" by Ellen C. Marks, Clara E. Hill and Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2019[Jan], Vol 66[1], 70-82). The following article is being retracted (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000311). This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan and Hill after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Marks was not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-49842-001.) We investigated how concealment and disclosure of secrets, two related but distinct processes, unfolded over the course of open-ended therapy for 39 clients and 9 therapists, using hierarchical linear modeling to identify longitudinal patterns and investigate relationships with working alliance and session quality. Results indicated that over the course of therapy, 85% of clients disclosed at least one secret and 41% concealed at least one secret, with 18% of sessions including a disclosure and 4% of sessions including concealment. Over time, clients were less likely to disclose secrets, and the secrets they chose to conceal were rated as less significant. Clients rated the working alliance lower after sessions when they disclosed secrets versus when they did not disclose, although the working alliance was not rated as poorly when the disclosed secrets were viewed as significant. Clients rated session quality higher after sessions when they disclosed secrets versus when they did not disclose, particularly when they disclosed preoccupying secrets. Clients tended to feel neutral or positive about their disclosures. Implications for practice and research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Retraction of Kivlighan et al. (2016).

Reports the retraction of "Working alliance, real relationship, session quality, and client improvement in psychodynamic psychotherapy: A longitudinal actor partner interdependence model" by Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr., Clara E. Hill, Charles J. Gelso and Ellen Baumann (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2016[Mar], Vol 63[2], 149-161). The following article is being retracted (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000134). This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan, Hill, and Gelso after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Baumann was not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2015-57048-001.) We used the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000) to examine the dyadic associations of 74 clients and 23 therapists in their evaluations of working alliance, real relationship, session quality, and client improvement over time in ongoing psychodynamic or interpersonal psychotherapy. There were significant actor effects for both therapists and clients, with the participant's own ratings of working alliance and real relationship independently predicting their own evaluations of session quality. There were significant client partner effects, with clients' working alliance and real relationship independently predicting their therapists' evaluations of session quality. The client partner real relationship effect was stronger in later sessions than in earlier sessions. Therapists' real relationship ratings (partner effect) were a stronger predictor of clients' session quality ratings in later sessions than in earlier sessions. Therapists' working alliance ratings (partner effect) were a stronger predictor of clients' session quality ratings when clients made greater improvement than when clients made lesser improvement. For clients' session outcome ratings, there were complex three-way interactions, such that both Client real relationship and working alliance interacted with client improvement and time in treatment to predict clients' session quality. These findings strongly suggest both individual and partner effects when clients and therapists evaluate psychotherapy process and outcome. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Retraction of Hill et al. (2015).

Reports the retraction of "Is training effective? A study of counseling psychology doctoral trainees in a psychodynamic/interpersonal training clinic" by Clara E. Hill, Ellen Baumann, Naama Shafran, Shudarshana Gupta, Ashley Morrison, Andrés E. Pérez Rojas, Patricia T. Spangler, Shauna Griffin, Laura Pappa and Charles J. Gelso (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2015[Apr], Vol 62[2], 184-201). The following article is being retracted (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000053). This retraction is at the request of coauthors Hill and Gelso after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Baumann, Shafran, Gupta, Morrison, Rojas, Spangler, Griffin and Pappa were not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2015-02322-001.) We investigated changes over 12 to 42 months in 23 predoctoral trainees during their externship training in a psychodynamic/interpersonal psychotherapy clinic. Over time, trainees increased in client-rated working alliance and real relationship, therapist-rated working alliance, client-rated interpersonal functioning, ability to use helping skills (e.g., challenges, immediacy), higher-order functioning (e.g., conceptualization ability, countertransference management), feelings about themselves as therapists (e.g., more authentic, more self-aware), and understanding about being a therapist (e.g., theoretical orientation, curiosity about client dynamics). In contrast, trainees did not change in engaging clients (return after intake or for at least 8 sessions), judge-rated psychodynamic techniques in third and ninth sessions across clients (although trainees used more cognitive-behavioral techniques over time in third but not ninth sessions), or changes in client-rated symptomatology. Trainees primarily attributed changes to graduate training, individual and group supervision, research participation, and working with clients. Implications for training and research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Retraction of Kivlighan et al. (2017).

Reports the retraction of "Congruence and discrepancy between working alliance and real relationship: Variance decomposition and response surface analyses" by Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr., Kathryn Kline, Charles J. Gelso and Clara E. Hill (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2017[Jul], Vol 64[4], 394-409). The following article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000216) is being retracted. This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan, Hill, and Gelso after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Kline was not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2017-15328-001.) We examined how congruence and discrepancy in clients' and therapists' ratings of the working alliance (WA) and real relationship (RR) were related to client-rated session quality (SES; Session Evaluation Scale). Ratings for 2517 sessions of 144 clients and 23 therapists were partitioned into therapist-level, client-level, and session-level components and then analyzed using multilevel, polynomial regression and response surface analysis. For both clients and therapists, at all levels of analysis (except the therapist level for therapist ratings), SES was highest when combined WA and RR ratings were high, and lowest when combined ratings were low. For client ratings, discrepancy between WA and RR, at the client and session levels, was associated with greater session quality. Some clients perceived greater session quality when, across all sessions, WA was stronger than RR and other clients perceived greater session quality when RR was stronger than WA. Within clients, session quality was highest when some sessions had a stronger WA than RR whereas other sessions had a stronger RR than WA. These findings are compatible with a responsiveness framework, therapists varied the balance of WA and RR to suit situational demands or needs of different clients. When therapists rated WA and RR the opposite pattern of results emerged; clients perceived greater session quality when therapists' WA and RR ratings, for a session were high and consistent (i.e., no discrepancy between WA and RR). In addition, across all sessions, clients perceived greater session quality when WA and RR ratings were high and consistent. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Retraction of Keum et al. (2021).

Reports the retraction of "Do therapists improve in their ability to assess clients' satisfaction? A truth and bias model" by Brian TaeHyuk Keum, Katherine Morales Dixon, Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr., Clara E. Hill and Charles J. Gelso (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2021[Oct], Vol 68[5], 608-620). The following article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000525) is being retracted. This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan, Hill, and Gelso after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Keum and Dixon were not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-51285-001.) We used the truth and bias model to examine changes in tracking accuracy and under/overestimation (directional bias) on therapists' judgments about clients' satisfaction. We examined 3 factors of clinical experience that could moderate accuracy: (a) overall level of acquaintanceship with a client, operationalized as treatment length (i.e., less or more time seeing a client), (b) time point in therapy with a specific client, operationalized as session number (i.e., earlier or later in treatment with a client), and (c) order (1st client seen, 2nd client seen . . . last client seen across two years of training in a psychology clinic) in which clients were seen. We conducted a three-level hierarchical linear modeling using data on 6054 sessions, nested in 284 adult clients, nested in 41 doctoral student therapists providing open-ended psychodynamic individual psychotherapy. We found that therapists were able to accurately track client-rated session evaluations with less underestimation (i.e., lower tendency to estimate that clients were less satisfied than they actually were) as they gained experience (both treatment length and client order). Furthermore, therapists exhibited greater tracking accuracy gains over the span of shorter treatments and when working with clients earlier in their clinical training. In longer treatments and with clients seen later in training, tracking accuracy was stable and consistent. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

A Suicide-Specific Diagnosis – The Case Against

A Suicide-Specific Diagnosis – The Case Against

Correction to Grzanka (2021).

Reports an error in "The shape of knowledge: Situational analysis in counseling psychology research" by Patrick R. Grzanka (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2021[Apr], Vol 68[3], 316-330). The article included a production error. An incorrect Figure 3 was published. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-51960-001.) Situational analysis (SA) is a powerful method for visually mapping qualitative data. As an extension of constructivist grounded theory developed by Charmaz and others, Clarke's situational analysis encourages researchers to transform qualitative data into various visual maps that can illuminate dynamics that may be obscured by more traditional analytic approaches. Fifteen years since Fassinger's landmark article on grounded theory in counseling psychology research, I make an argument for SA's potential uses in counseling psychology using data from a mixed-methods dissertation on White racial affect. I outline the exigency of SA and its epistemological and methodological underpinnings in detail, with a focus on SA as a critical, structural analysis. Each primary mapping procedure-situational, positional, and social worlds/arenas maps-is introduced and examples are provided that illustrate SA's unique analytic capacities and insights. By way of SA, I argue for a "critical-cartographic" turn in counseling psychology along four axes: promoting systems-level research and advocacy, deepening consideration of intersectionality, cultivating alternative epistemologies beyond post-positivism, and invigorating qualitative research on counseling and psychotherapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The hidden curriculum of academic writing: Toward demystifying manuscript preparation in counseling psychology.

In this article, we aim to unpack some of the hidden curriculum in publishing successfully in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP) and other academic outlets. The many unspoken and implicit considerations behind writing a successful academic article can reinforce epistemic exclusions around class, gender, race, sexuality, and other axes of power that ultimately limit who gets to publish in academic journals and about what. Thus, we work to articulate the processes behind writing an academic article. Specifically, we offer suggestions for (a) writing compelling, precise, and parsimonious introductions, (b) clearly addressing the goals of the study via an accurate and detailed description of the method, (c) aligning analytic decisions with the research questions or hypotheses and the data parameters at hand, and (d) discussing the story of data in the context of prior scholarship, study limitations, and real-world implications. Where applicable, we provide concrete examples of published studies to "unhide" writing processes and to illustrate the invisible narratives and intentions behind key writing practices. We also present a checklist as an easy-to-reference companion to this article to help demystify the writing process. This article aligns with the commitment of JCP's editorial leadership to play an active role in opening up the scholarly publication process so that the pipeline of manuscripts submitted to and accepted by JCP shapes a more inclusive future for the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Conscientious Objection Based on Patient Identity

Conscientious Objection Based on Patient Identity

Racial/Ethnic Minority Vocational Research Trends in Counseling Psychology and Multicultural Psychology Journals: A Trend Analysis Across 51 Years

This study extends Flores et al.’s (2006) 36-year analysis of racial/ethnic minority (REM) vocational research published in career journals to REM vocational research in eight counseling psychology and multicultural psychology journals across a span of 51 years. We identified 483 REM vocational studies published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP), The Counseling Psychologist (TCP), Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (JMCD), Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (CDEMP), Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (JCCP), Journal of Black Psychology (JBP), Journal of Latina/o Psychology (JLP), and Asian American Journal of Psychology (AAJP) between 1969 and 2020. Results showed that less than 5% of all articles published in these journals during the past 49 years focused on vocational issues with REMs. Publication trends, article topics and type, samples, and leading individual and institutional contributors to REM vocational research are reported. JMCD published the largest percentage of these articles (33.9%, n = 132) as well as the largest percentage (18%) of REM vocational articles relative to other articles in its journal during this time frame. Implications of the findings are provided for expanding REM vocational scholarship in counseling psychology in the future.

"The 'roller coaster ride': A longitudinal investigation of the dynamic relationship between Chinese counseling trainees' self-efficacy and their clients' outcome and the mediating effects of working alliance and session evaluation": Correction to Li et al. (2021).

Reports an error in "The "roller coaster ride": A longitudinal investigation of the dynamic relationship between Chinese counseling trainees' self-efficacy and their clients' outcome and the mediating effects of working alliance and session evaluation" by Xu Li, Feihan Li, Chaihua Lin, Shitao Chen and Yuge Han (Journal of Counseling Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Nov 29, 2021, np). In the article, the scale for the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised (WAI-SR) was incorrectly described in the Measures section as a "5-point scale that ranges from 1 to 5." The WAI-SR used the original 7-point scale ranging from 1 to 7. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2022-06516-001.) Based on the social-cognitive theory, this study investigated the dynamic association between counseling trainees' self-efficacy and their clients' outcome (i.e., symptom distress), and the mediating effects of therapist- and client-rated working alliance and session quality. Data set included 1,352 sessions conducted by 87 master's level therapist trainees with their 317 clients in China. Before every session, therapists completed a measure of self-efficacy and clients reported their symptom distress; and after every session, both therapists and clients rated their working alliance and session quality. Results showed that, (a) over the course of therapy, the initial level of therapist self-efficacy did not predict how quickly client symptom declined; (b) the initial level of client distress did not predict how quickly therapist self-efficacy increased; and (c) client distress decline was not related to therapist self-efficacy increase over the course of therapy. However, at the session-to-session level, higher therapist self-efficacy before one session significantly predicted lower client distress before the next session, and higher client distress before one session significantly predicted lower therapist self-efficacy before the subsequent session. Therapist and client perceptions of working alliance were both significant mediators, while their session quality ratings were not. Findings supported the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between therapist self-efficacy and client distress at the immediate session-to-session level rather than the overall trajectory level, and revealed its specific mediating mechanism through the relationship building between therapist and client. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

"The 'dyadic dance': Exploring therapist-client dynamics and client symptom change using actor-partner interdependence modeling and multilevel mixture modeling": Correction to Li (2021).

Reports an error in "The "dyadic dance": Exploring therapist-client dynamics and client symptom change using actor-partner interdependence modeling and multilevel mixture modeling" by Xu Li (Journal of Counseling Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Dec 02, 2021, np). In the article, the scale for the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised (WAI-SR) was incorrectly described in the Measures section as a "5-point scale ranging from 1 to 5." The WAI-SR used the original 7-point scale ranging from 1 to 7. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2022-06134-001.) Using longitudinal actor-partner interdependence modeling and multilevel mixture modeling, the aims of this study were to investigate the therapist-client dyadic dynamic patterns (i.e., therapist and client consistency and their mutual influences in perceptions of working alliance) and how these dynamic patterns related to client symptom change with varied treatment lengths. Data set included 1,520 sessions conducted by 85 master's level therapist trainees with their 283 clients in China. Before every session, clients reported their symptom; after every session, both therapists and clients rated their working alliance. (a) Therapist consistency was positively associated with greater client symptom improvement, especially in relatively longer therapy course. (b) Client consistency and therapist-client mutual influence dynamics did not individually relate to client symptom improvement. (c) Two subgroups of therapist-client dyads with distinct dyadic dynamic patterns were identified: one subgroup (Dyadic Independence) showing significant self-consistency and nonsignificant mutual influence and the other subgroup (Mutual Influence) showing significant self-consistency as well as mutual influence. (d) The mutual influence subgroup was associated with greater client improvement than the dyadic independence subgroup, especially in shorter therapy. A dyadic dynamic pattern characterized by the presence of therapist and client self-consistency as well as mutual influence may be conducive to positive therapeutic outcome in terms of client symptom improvement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The "dyadic dance": Exploring therapist-client dynamics and client symptom change using actor-partner interdependence modeling and multilevel mixture modeling.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 69(4) of Journal of Counseling Psychology (see record 2022-76740-001). In the article, the scale for the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised (WAI-SR) was incorrectly described in the Measures section as a "5-point scale ranging from 1 to 5." The WAI-SR used the original 7-point scale ranging from 1 to 7. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Using longitudinal actor-partner interdependence modeling and multilevel mixture modeling, the aims of this study were to investigate the therapist-client dyadic dynamic patterns (i.e., therapist and client consistency and their mutual influences in perceptions of working alliance) and how these dynamic patterns related to client symptom change with varied treatment lengths. Data set included 1,520 sessions conducted by 85 master's level therapist trainees with their 283 clients in China. Before every session, clients reported their symptom; after every session, both therapists and clients rated their working alliance. (a) Therapist consistency was positively associated with greater client symptom improvement, especially in relatively longer therapy course. (b) Client consistency and therapist-client mutual influence dynamics did not individually relate to client symptom improvement. (c) Two subgroups of therapist-client dyads with distinct dyadic dynamic patterns were identified: one subgroup (Dyadic Independence) showing significant self-consistency and nonsignificant mutual influence and the other subgroup (Mutual Influence) showing significant self-consistency as well as mutual influence. (d) The mutual influence subgroup was associated with greater client improvement than the dyadic independence subgroup, especially in shorter therapy. A dyadic dynamic pattern characterized by the presence of therapist and client self-consistency as well as mutual influence may be conducive to positive therapeutic outcome in terms of client symptom improvement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The "roller coaster ride": A longitudinal investigation of the dynamic relationship between Chinese counseling trainees' self-efficacy and their clients' outcome and the mediating effects of working alliance and session evaluation.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 69(4) of Journal of Counseling Psychology (see record 2022-76740-002). In the article, the scale for the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised (WAI-SR) was incorrectly described in the Measures section as a "5-point scale that ranges from 1 to 5." The WAI-SR used the original 7-point scale ranging from 1 to 7. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Based on the social-cognitive theory, this study investigated the dynamic association between counseling trainees' self-efficacy and their clients' outcome (i.e., symptom distress), and the mediating effects of therapist- and client-rated working alliance and session quality. Data set included 1,352 sessions conducted by 87 master's level therapist trainees with their 317 clients in China. Before every session, therapists completed a measure of self-efficacy and clients reported their symptom distress; and after every session, both therapists and clients rated their working alliance and session quality. Results showed that, (a) over the course of therapy, the initial level of therapist self-efficacy did not predict how quickly client symptom declined; (b) the initial level of client distress did not predict how quickly therapist self-efficacy increased; and (c) client distress decline was not related to therapist self-efficacy increase over the course of therapy. However, at the session-to-session level, higher therapist self-efficacy before one session significantly predicted lower client distress before the next session, and higher client distress before one session significantly predicted lower therapist self-efficacy before the subsequent session. Therapist and client perceptions of working alliance were both significant mediators, while their session quality ratings were not. Findings supported the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between therapist self-efficacy and client distress at the immediate session-to-session level rather than the overall trajectory level, and revealed its specific mediating mechanism through the relationship building between therapist and client. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

LGBTQ Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research in Counseling Psychology: A Content Analysis

Given that qualitative and mixed methods have been used to address social justice issues, counseling psychologists have been drawn to these research designs to advance knowledge in the field. However, qualitative and mixed methods are rarely used in counseling psychology to examine the experiences of LGBTQ individuals. This content analysis reviewed all qualitative and mixed methods studies conducted with LGBTQ individuals between 2009 and 2019 in three leading counseling psychology journals. Results from 24 studies revealed: (a) an increase in LGBTQ-related topics; (b) an overreliance in grounded theory as a research design, diverse analytical approaches, overreliance on semi-structure interviews, and increased disclosure of reflexivity and trustworthiness; and (c) an overwhelming representation of White, cisgender, gay and lesbian, middle class, college educated, English-speaking, Christian, mainland United States residents. We pose a call to action for the next decade of qualitative and mixed methods research with LGBTQ individuals in counseling psychology.