Jos University Teaching Hospital Research Articles

Evaluation of Blood Transfusion Request form: The Experience in a Tertiary Health Facility in Jos, Nigeria

Background: There is a thin line between a safe blood transfusion and transfusion-related fatality hence the need to be diligent in every aspect of the blood transfusion process. Appropriate and complete documentation on a blood transfusion request form is one of the most important preanalytic activities serving as a communication tool between the clinician and the blood transfusion laboratory personnel. Aims: To evaluate compliance with appropriate and complete documentation of information on our blood transfusion request forms for a reliable preanalytic process towards an efficient blood transfusion service. Study Design: It is a retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Blood Bank of the Jos University Teaching Hospital between January to December 2023. Methodology: Six thousand, three hundred and sixty (6360) blood transfusion request forms from the Jos University Teaching Hospital Blood bank were evaluated for complete or incomplete documentation retrospectively and results were presented in frequencies and percentages. Results: There was 100% compliance in filling in the patients' surnames and other names as well as the laboratory number and blood groups of the patients while only 4779 (75.14%) filled in the patients' ages with 1416(22.26%) using the prefix of adult(ad) while 165(2.59%) fail to document the patients' age. There were 2829 (44.48%) males with 3522 (55.38%) females while no sex was indicated in 9 of the reviewed forms. Obstetrics history has the least cumulated documented response of 0.38% while a significant 1008 (15.85%) did not indicate either blood grouping or blood grouping with cross-match request. Conclusion: Appropriate and complete documentation of information on blood transfusion request forms is a problem among clinicians and will require continuous education on its importance, periodic auditing, provision of electronic data system and attitudinal change for a better blood transfusion compatibility service.

Arima Model to Predict the Prevalence of Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 Patients: A Case Study of Jos University Teaching Hospital

Diabetes Mellitus is a huge burden for human health, increasing number of patient is likely to result in rising demand for the medical emergencies. Due to limited number of hospitals with standard laboratory test kits to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes it is important to forecast the future incidences and prepare with proper resource planning. The monthly number of Diabetes patients obtained from Jos University Teaching Hospital is fitted by autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Dataset starting from January, 2010 to December,2020. Using ARIMA, several models were evaluated based on the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Ljung-Box Q statistics. ARIMA(3, 1, 1) is found to be better and used to describe and predict the future trends of Diabetes type 1 and ARIMA(1,1,1) is a better model to predict the future prevalence of diabetes type 2. Therefore, the proposed model will help in the appropriate planning and allocation of resources for emergencies.

Renal and hepatocellular biomakers in snake (Echis ocellatus) bitten individuals in Zamko comprehensive health centre of the Jos university teaching hospital

Renal and hepatocellular biomakers in snake (Echis ocellatus) bitten individuals in Zamko comprehensive health centre of the Jos university teaching hospital

Demographics and Pathomorphology of Ameloblastoma: A 9 Year Retrospective Review at a Tertiary Health Care Centre in North-Central Nigeria

Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally invasive neoplasm that arises from odontogenic epithelium of the dental lamina. It is classified into the conventional, unicystic, extraosseous/peripheral and metastasizing variants. It is the most common odontogenic tumour in Nigeria and other developing countries. It affects individuals of all ages, has a peak of occurrence in the fourth and fifth decades with no sex predilection. The Mandible is the most commonly affected site and the conventional variant is predominant. The aim of this study is to document the demographics and Pathomorphology of ameloblastoma diagnosed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital over the past nine years. There is no previous documentation of the pattern of this tumour in the North-central region of Nigeria making this study relevant. This is a retrospective observational review of all cases of ameloblastoma diagnosed histologically at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2023. Materials utilized consisted of patient clinical case files, electronic histopathology result records, histopathology glass slides and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks. The patient age, sex, anatomic location of tumour in the Jaw/face and pathomorphological features were recorded for all cases. The data obtained was analysed using Epi-info 7 (version 3.5.4) and Microsoft-Excel. Results were presented in tables and charts. Fifty one cases of ameloblastoma were diagnosed during the 9 years of review. Their ages ranged between 6 and 65 years with a mean age of 30.9±13.8 years and a peak of occurrence in the third decade. There were 29 males and 22 females with a male to female ratio (M:F) of 1.3:1. Ninety-two percent of cases occurred in the mandible and 8% in the maxilla. The conventional variant accounted for 72.5% of cases and the unicystic variant 27.5%. The follicular type accounted for 64.8% of cases of conventional ameloblastoma. Ameloblastoma occurred more commonly in males with a peak in the third decade. A vast majority of cases involved the mandible and the conventional type was predominant. This demographic pattern supports existing evidence that ameloblastoma occurs more commonly in males and in relatively younger patients in Africa.

Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.

Liver cirrhosis (LC) is a common complication of chronic liver disease. Its prevalence has increased markedly over the last few years. With liver cirrhosis comes cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is important that the detection of the abnormalities by echocardiography be given priority, as this can change the clinical outcome of these patients with cardiovascular abnormalities in liver cirrhosis. This study aims to determine the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in LC patients. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at JUTH (Jos University Teaching Hospital) over a period of one year. We recruited 210 adult patients with liver cirrhosis from the gastroenterology clinic and wards for this study. Data from these patients were collected with questionnaires administered by the interviewer and analysed using SPSS 23 statistical software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The data obtained are presented in tables and charts. Categorical variables were expressed as proportions and frequencies, while continuous data were expressed as the median, mean, and standard deviation. Pulmonary hypertension was found in 30.5% of the participants, with mild pulmonary hypertension being the most common. No one had severe pulmonary hypertension. There was an increased risk of developing pulmonary hypertension in patients with coughs, easy fatigability, bilateral leg swelling, abdominal swelling, and ascites (P<0.05). The result showed that there is a high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Analgesia for Infant Circumcision: Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic (EMLA) Cream versus Dorsal Penile Nerve Block using Bupivacaine

Context: Circumcision is a painful procedure; thus, analgesia for neonatal circumcision is advocated for every male infant, and its use is considered essential by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Aim: This study aimed to compare the analgesic, hemodynamic effects, and complications of an eutectic mixture of a local anesthetic cream versus dorsal penile nerve block using bupivacaine for infants coming for circumcision. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective randomized interventional study involving 64 infants scheduled for circumcision at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Infants were randomized into one of two groups through allocation concealment technique. Group I received dorsal penile nerve block with plain bupivacaine 0.5 mL/kg of 0.25%, while group II received 1 g of an eutectic mixture of a local anesthetic cream (EMLA). Circumcision started 5 minutes after penile block for group I and 1 hour after EMLA cream application for group II. Pain levels using CRIES scale, hemodynamic parameters, duration of surgery, and postoperative complications were noted and documented. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. A P value of less the 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study groups were comparable in demographic characteristics (P = 0.054). Less infants had CRIES scores of &gt;4 in the DPNB group up to 2 hours postoperative period. Hemodynamic parameters were within normal ranges but higher in the EMLA group. No complication was noted in both study groups. Conclusion: Dorsal penile nerve block with bupivacaine provided better analgesia in infants undergoing circumcision than EMLA.

The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on the Psychosocial Well-Being of Patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS Associated Cancers in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria

The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on the Psychosocial Well-Being of Patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS Associated Cancers in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria

Left Ventricular Assessment in the Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras at the Jos University Teaching Hospital

The covid19 pandemic in the developing world had a far less catastrophic effect compared to that seen in the developed world. Taking a look at pre-covid19 era considering some echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular configuration was assessed. Method and Materials: The study was a retrospective echocardiographic assessment of regular patients assessing echocardiographic evaluation without necessarily diagnosed of covid19. Kobotoolbox data collector was used for data upload and data from 2015 to 2019 were considered pre-covid19 data while those from 2020 to 2023 were considered covid19 era data and analyzed as such. Results: Out of a total of 1,619, an average of 64% were analyzed by the collector. The two groups of population were similar considering demographic characteristic. Clinical indications pre-test had a similar distribution except in cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (p- &lt;0.001) and stroke (p- 0.044) were the proportion were higher in pre-covd19 while chronic arrhythmias (p- 0.032) were higher during the covid19 era. The data showed a significant reduction in linear and 2D echocardiographic measurements, except for wall thickness in systole in pre-covi19 era. Discussion: The high frequency of hypertensive heart disease during the pre-covid19 era appear to be responsible for the significant variation in the 2D and linear echocardiographic measurement. Conclusions: This study showed that the indication for echocardiography was more diverse in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Determinants of unmet need for family planning among HIV-positive women of reproductive age in a treatment and care center Jos, Northcentral Nigeria

Introduction: About half of Nigeria’s population living with HIV are women. Therefore, the use of contraceptives is useful for HIV prevention. The aim of this study was to assess the unmet need for family planning and its associated factors among HIV-positive women of reproductive age in Jos, North-central. Nigeria.Method: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 335 HIV positive women of reproductive age attending the (APIN) Public Health Initiative Centre of the Jos University Teaching Hospital in Plateau State. A systematic sampling technique was used to select participants. Pre-tested intervieweradministered questionnaires were used for data collection and statistical analysis done using the SPSS version 23 software package. A logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of unmet needs for family planning. Ethical approval was obtained for the study.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37.44 ± 6.40 years. Unmet need for family planning was 25.4% and the commonest reasons cited include partner opposition and fear of side effects. Marital status, duration of HIV diagnosis, duration on HAART, use of condom during the last sexual act, partner/husband support, and desire for more children were found to be associated with unmet need for family planning. Predictors of unmet need for family planning were marital status (AOR=0.15, P-value-0.030), duration of HIV diagnosis (AOR=5.09, P-value-0.005), duration on HAARTs (AOR=2.64, P-value-0.03) and desire for more children (AOR=0.42, P-value-0.001).Conclusion: HIV-positive women of reproductive age in Jos have high unmet needs for family planning and will benefit from early reproductive health education which includes couple counseling on contraceptive use.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine HIV care and cervical cancer screening in North-Central Nigeria

IntroductionCervical cancer is the fourth most diagnosed cancer among women globally, with much of the burden being carried by women in limited-resource settings often worsened by the high prevalence of HIV. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted organized screening efforts and HIV management regimens worldwide, and the impact of these disruptions have not been examined in these settings. The purpose of this paper is to describe whether uptake of cervical cancer screening and HIV management changed before, during, and since the COVID-19 pandemic in North-Central Nigeria.MethodsLongitudinal healthcare administration data for women who obtained care between January 2018 and December 2021 were abstracted from the AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria (APIN) clinic at Jos University Teaching Hospital. Patient demographics, pap smear outcomes, and HIV management indicators such as viral load and treatment regimen were abstracted and assessed using descriptive and regression analyses. All analyses were conducted comparing two years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the four quarters in 2020, and the year following COVID-19 restrictions.ResultsWe included 2304 women in the study, most of whom were between 44 and 47 years of age, were married, and had completed secondary education. About 85% of women were treated with first line highly active retroviral therapy (HAART). Additionally, 84% of women screened using pap smear had normal results. The average age of women who sought care at APIN was significantly lower in Quarter 3, 2020 (p = 0.015) compared to the other periods examined in this study. Conversely, the average viral load for women who sought care during that period was significantly higher in adjusted models (p < 0.0001). Finally, we determined that the average viral load at each clinic visit was significantly associated with the period in which women sought care.ConclusionsOverall, we found that COVID-19 pandemic mitigation efforts significantly influenced women’s ability to obtain cervical cancer screening and routine HIV management at APIN clinic. This study buttresses the challenges in accessing routine and preventive care during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low-resource settings. Further research is needed to determine how these disruptions to care may influence long-term health in this and similar at-risk populations.

Members of the genus Aeromonas are gram negative, non-spore forming, zoonotic bacteria that are widely distributed in aquatic environment. They affect both man and animals causing diseases such as gastroenteritis, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia and ocular infections. The aim of this study

Members of the genus Aeromonas are gram negative, non-spore forming, zoonotic bacteria that are widely distributed in aquatic environment. They affect both man and animals causing diseases such as gastroenteritis, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia and ocular infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas species among patients attending five hospitals in parts of plateau state. Eight hundred human stool samples were examined for the presence of Aeromonas species using the process of isolation, identification and characterization. Out of the 800 samples 65 (8.12%) were positive for Aeromonas. Among the hospitals screened, Jos University Teaching Hospital (Lamingo) has the highest prevalence of 15 (1.87%) followed by Our Lady of Apostle Hospital (Bukuru) with a prevalence of 14 (1.76%). The lowest percentage prevalence was recorded for the specimen collected from Faith Alive Foundation Hospital (Jos) 11 (1. 35%). The percentage prevalence of Aeromonas spp. among study population by gender showed that the female had a higher percentage prevalence of 37 (4.63%) of Aeromonas infection than the male with a prevalence of 28 (3.47%). The prevalence of Aeromonas species among study population by age distribution showed that the highest prevalence was among children below the ages of 1-10 years with a percentage prevalence of 22 (2.75%). There was a significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) prevalence of the organism during the wet season (71%) than the dry season (29%). This study indicated that Aeromonas is prevalent in the study population, therefore enlightenment programs should be carried out by the Plateau state ministry of health to create awareness on the dangers of Aeromonas infections.

Epidemiology and survival outcomes of HIV-associated cervical cancer in Nigeria.

Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is an HIV-associated cancer that is preventable and precancerous stages including early ICC stages could be detected through screening offering opportunities for treatment and cure. The high incidence in women living with HIV and late presentation often at advanced stages of ICC with limited treatment facilities often result in early mortality. We sought to compare the epidemiologic characteristics and survival differences in HIV status of ICC patients in Nigeria. We conducted a cohort study at two federal academic hospital-based research sites in Jos University Teaching Hospital, and Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria, between March 2018 and September 2022. We enrolled women with histologically confirmed ICC with known HIV status, and FIGO staging as part of the United States of America's National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute funded project titled 'Epigenomic Biomarkers of HIV-Associated Cancers in Nigeria'. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality with assessment of overall survival (OS) and time to death after ICC diagnosis. OS distribution was estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier and compared between groups using the log-rank test. A total of 239 women with confirmed ICC were enrolled and included in this analysis, of whom 192 (80.3%) were HIV-negative (HIV-/ICC +), and 47 (19.7%) were HIV-positive (HIV +/ICC +). The HIV +/ICC + patients were younger with median age 46 (IQR: 40-51) years compared to 57 (IQR: 45-66) among HIV-/ICC + (P < 0.001). Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histopathologic variant in 80.4% of ICC diagnosis, moderately differentiated tumor grade in 68.1% in both groups. HIV +/ICC + diagnosis was at FIGO advanced stages in 64.9% compared to 47.9% in HIV-/ICC +. The HIV-/ICC + women had better OS compared to HIV +/ICC + participants (p = 0.018), with 12-month OS 84.1% (95%CI 75-90%) and 67.6% (95%CI 42-84%) respectively. ICC is diagnosed at a relatively young age in women living with HIV, with a significantly lower overall survival probability compared to women without HIV. The trend of presentation and diagnosis at advanced stages in women living with HIV could partly explain the differences in overall survival.

Blood Transfusion Request and Utilization: The Trend in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in North Central Nigeria

Background: An effective blood transfusion service is anchored on an adequate supply of safe blood and its components as well as its accessibility and appropriate clinical use. There is a contrast in blood supplies and utilization between the high, middle and low-income countries necessitating the formulation of appropriate modalities to ensure judicious use of blood while minimizing wastage.&#x0D; Aims: This study was aimed at assessing the blood transfusion request trend in our institution and its utilization with the intent of curtailing the wastage of safe blood for transfusion.&#x0D; Study Design: It is a retrospective study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Jos University Teaching Hospital Blood Bank from January 2022 to December 2022.&#x0D; Methodology: Appropriately filled blood transfusion request forms of the Jos University Teaching Hospital compared with the blood bank In-house records from January 2022 to December 2022 were reviewed. Request dates, requesting Department, Unit or Specialty, indications for request, Number of units requested, and number eventually utilized were used to determine blood transfusion indices which are indicative of efficient and significant blood use.&#x0D; Results: Eight thousand, five hundred forty-eight (8,548) blood transfusion request forms from the blood bank and patients' folders were reviewed and compared with the Blood Bank's in-house records. Requests for blood transfusion for over 460 indications were received from twenty-six (26) departments and units. There was a general Crossmatch: Transfusion ratio (C: T) of 1.7 with a transfusion index (TI) of 1.2 and transfusion probability (TP) of 48.0%.&#x0D; Conclusion: Transfusion requests were characterized by low utilization across departments and units. This calls for the establishment of a transfusion protocol for the determination of blood volume required for every indication so that this limited commodity will be made available and accessible when needed.

Comparison of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D amongst black African prostate cancer patients with non-aggressive versus aggressive disease using the Gleason score

Background: Black men of African descent have higher risk for developing prostate cancer and present at a younger age with advanced disease and a poorer prognosis. Limited number of studies directly linking serum vitamin D with either prostate cancer prognosis or measures of prostate cancer aggressiveness have been done. The objective of this study is to compare serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients with non-aggressive and aggressive prostate cancer using the Gleason score in black Africans in Jos. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted among fifty patients who presented to the urological surgical out-patient clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital who had clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer and were scheduled for prostate biopsy. Blood samples for serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay was analysed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were analysed. Data was collected in a proforma, statistical analysis done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS)(R) version 23 and t-test was used for comparison with a p value &lt;0.05 considered significant. Results: Fifty patients were studied whose age ranged from 50-89 years. The mean level of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was 37.90 ng/ml±17.92. The mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D of patients with non-aggressive disease (GS≤6) and aggressive disease (GS≥7) was 48.44±17.09 and 34.57±17.08 respectively with a p value of 0.018. Conclusions: This study showed that black African prostate cancer patients with high grade tumors (Gleason score ≥7) had significantly lower 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels compared to those with low grade tumors (Gleason score &lt;7).

Utilization of opportunistic cervical cancer screening in Nigeria.

While various interventions have been conducted to decrease cervical cancer's burden in Nigeria, no study has examined the trends in cervical cancer screening uptake over time. The present study sought to fill this gap in knowledge using data collected at Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Nigeria. Data collected continuously between 2006 and 2016 were analyzed to identify trends in screening uptake, changes in risk factors for cervical cancer, and to identify factors for women screened at Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Jos, Nigeria. Categorical analyses and logistic regression models were used to describe patient characteristics by year, and to identify factors associated with repeated screening uptake. A total of 14,088 women who were screened between 2006 and 2016 were included in the database; 2,800 women had more than one screening visit. Overall, screening uptake differed significantly by year. On average women were first screened at age 38. About 2% of women screened were women living with HIV. Most women (86%) had normal pap smear at first screening, with the greatest decreased risk of abnormalities observed between 2011 and 2014. Odds of a follow-up screening after a normal result decreased significantly between 2008 and 2016 compared to women screened in 2006 and 2007. Finally, women living with HIV had increased odds of follow-up screening after having a normal pap smear. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential social and health system barriers to cervical cancer control in Nigeria. The findings may assist policy makers to design interventions to increase access and compliance to recommended screening schedules in this vulnerable population.

Vaginal microbiome community state types and high-risk human papillomaviruses in cervical precancer and cancer in North-central Nigeria

BackgroundHigh risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) have a causal role in cervical oncogenesis, and HIV-mediated immune suppression allows HR-HPV to persist. We studied whether vaginal microbiome community state types (CSTs) are associated with high-grade precancer and/or invasive cervical cancer (HSIL/ICC).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of adult women with cervical cancer screening (CCS) at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Jos, Nigeria, between January 2020 and February 2022. Cervical swabs underwent HPV genotyping (Anyplex™ II HPV28). Cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) sample was collected for 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We used multivariable logistic regression modelling to assess associations between CSTs and other factors associated with HSIL/ICC.ResultsWe enrolled 155 eligible participants, 151 with microbiome data for this analysis. Women were median age 52 (IQR:43–58), 47.7% HIV positive, and 58.1% with HSIL/ICC. Of the 138 with HPV data, 40.6% were negative for HPV, 10.1% had low-risk HPV, 26.8% had single HR-HPV, and 22.5% had multiple HR-HPV types. The overall prevalence of any HR-HPV type (single and multiple) was 49.3%, with a higher proportion in women with HSIL/ICC (NILM 31.6%, LSIL 46.5%, HSIL 40.8%, and 81.5% ICC; p = 0.007). Women with HIV were more likely to have HSIL/ICC (70.3% vs. 29.7% among women without HIV). In crude and multivariable analysis CST was not associated with cervical pathology (CST-III aOR = 1.13, CST-IV aOR = 1.31). However, in the presence of HR-HPV CST-III (aOR = 6.7) and CST-IV (aOR = 3.6) showed positive association with HSIL/ICC.ConclusionVaginal microbiome CSTs were not significantly associated with HSIL/ICC. Our findings suggest however, that CST could be helpful in identifying women with HSIL/ICC and particularly those with HR-HPV. Characterization of CSTs using point-of-care molecular testing in women with HR-HPV should be studied as an approach to improve early detection and cervical cancer prevention. Future longitudinal research will improve our understanding of the temporal effect of non-optimal CST, HR-HPV, and other factors in cervical cancer development, prevention, and control.

Assessment of the Oxidative Stress Status in those with Diabetes and Hypertension Attending Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Nigeria

Diabetes is a serious, long-term condition with a major impact on the lives and wellbeing of individuals, families, and societies worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the impact of oxidative stress on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension who were receiving care at the Endocrinology unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). A total of 54 subjects, comprising both males and females, were randomly selected for the study. The subjects included 27 patients diagnosed with T2DM and hypertension, as well as 27 healthy volunteers who were recruited as a control group. The study focused on assessing various parameters related to oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity. The evaluation of oxidant status involved measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which serve as a marker for lipid peroxidation, as well as Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and Lipid profile. Additionally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH), was examined. Demographic information, lifestyle factors, and clinical assessments were also collected during the study. The results showed that HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to the healthy participants. Furthermore, the diabetic group exhibited higher MDA activity, indicating increased lipid peroxidation, compared to the control group (P = 0.001). In terms of antioxidant enzyme activity, the diabetic group showed elevated levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Regarding lifestyle factors, there was a significant difference (P = 0.001) in lipid profiles between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals who engaged in regular exercise compared to those who did not exercise. Similarly, diabetic individuals who had consultations with a registered dietician or an Endocrinologist also demonstrated significantly improved lipid profiles compared to those who did not seek professional advice. Notably, diabetics who exercised regularly and received dietary guidance exhibited significantly higher levels of HDL compared to those who did not engage in exercise or receive dietary counseling. In conclusion, this study highlighted the association between oxidative stress and T2DM with hypertension. The findings emphasized the importance of managing oxidative stress through lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise and dietary interventions, in improving lipid profiles and potentially mitigating the impact of diabetes on individuals' health and well-being.

Serological Qualitative Diagnoses of Helicobacter pylori in Patients Accessing Care at the Bingham University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria

Serological Qualitative Diagnoses of Helicobacter pylori in Patients Accessing Care at the Bingham University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria

Nursing FORM) 2023(2024),Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) ADMISSION Form is out call (O8O3664O134 or O8O3664O134) Post-Basic Nursing form, Midwifery candidates must fulfil the following criteria: Candidates Call O8O3664O134 must possess five credits (Mathematics, English, Chemistry, Biology, Physics) in WAEC, NECO, NABTEB or a combination of WAEC and NECO. Please come with a photocopy of your results. All candidates should submit

Nursing FORM) 2023(2024),Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) ADMISSION Form is out call (O8O3664O134 or O8O3664O134) Post-Basic Nursing form, Midwifery candidates must fulfil the following criteria: Candidates Call O8O3664O134 must possess five credits (Mathematics, English, Chemistry, Biology, Physics) in WAEC, NECO, NABTEB or a combination of WAEC and NECO. Please come with a photocopy of your results. All candidates should submit

Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gene in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella Species in Jos North Central of Nigeria

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella species, prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) and the gene coding ESBL production in Klebsiella Species obtained from clinical specimens of patients attending Plateau State Specialist and Jos University Teaching Hospitals both in Jos North Central of Nigeria.&#x0D; Study Design: This was hospital based study conducted in the Department of Medical Microbiology unit of Plateau State Specialist and Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) during the periods of January to April 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: Out of 156 non-motile, oxidase negative gram negative organisms collected, 137 isolates were identified to be Klebsiella species using oxoid Microbact 24E kit for Enterobacteriaceae identification and Microsoft for bacteria identification. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) and ESBL screening was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using oxoid Single disk antibiotics which include Ceftazidime (30µg), Cefotaxime (30µg), Imipenem (10µg), Ciprofloxacin (5µg), Gentamicin (10µg), Ampicillin (10 µg), Aztreonam (30 µg), and Azithromycin (15 µg) on Mueller Hinton Agar (oxoid).Break point was determined by CLSI AST guidelines. The isolates that showed resistance or reduced susceptibility to Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime are suspected to be ESBL positive Klebsiella. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL positive isolates was carried out using Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) with Ceftazidime 30µg (oxoid), Cefotaxime 30µg (oxoid) and Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid 20/10ug (Oxoid).Genotypic detection of ESBL gene was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).&#x0D; Results: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test showed Imipenem to be highly sensitive to ESBL positive Klebsiella pneumonia with 100% sensitivity. Gentamicin, Ampicillin, and Azithromycin showed reduced susceptibility. Genotypic results showed presence of bla TEM, bla SHV genes at 868bp and 972bp band size with no occurrence of bla CTX-M gene. There was multiple occurrence of gene in some of the isolates tested while some recorded no ESBL gene. The ESBL prevalence of 15.3% was recorded in this study.&#x0D; Conclusions: The prevalence of 15.3% recorded in this study is low compared to other studies from some other states within the country. Efforts should be put in place to ensure non-proliferation of this ESBL Klebsiella strain as it creates not only a therapeutic challenge but health problem.