Jordanian Nurses Research Articles

Pressure ulcer prevention knowledge among Jordanian nurses: a cross- sectional study

BackgroundPressure ulcer remains a significant problem in the healthcare system. In addition to the suffering it causes patients, it bears a growing financial burden. Although pressure ulcer prevention and care have improved in recent years, pressure ulcer still exists and occurs in both hospital and community settings. In Jordan, there are a handful of studies on pressure ulcer. This study aims to explore levels of knowledge and knowledge sources about pressure ulcer prevention, as well as barriers to implementing pressure ulcer prevention guidelines among Jordanian nurses.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design and a self-administered questionnaire, data was collected from 194 baccalaureate and master’s level staff nurses working in eight Jordanian hospitals. From September to October of 2011, their knowledge levels about pressure ulcer prevention and the sources of this knowledge were assessed, along with the barriers which reduce successful pressure ulcer care and prevention.ANOVA and t-test analysis were used to test the differences in nurses’ knowledge according to participants’ characteristics. Means, standard deviation, and frequencies were used to describe nurses’ knowledge levels, knowledge sources, and barriers to pressure ulcer prevention.ResultsThe majority (73%, n = 141) of nurses had inadequate knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention. The mean scores of the test for all participants was 10.84 out of 26 (SD = 2.3, range = 5–17), with the lowest score in themes related to PU etiology, preventive measures to reduce amount of pressure/shear, and risk assessment. In-service training was the second source of education on pressure ulcer, coming after university training. Shortage of staff and lack of time were the most frequently cited barriers to carrying out pressure ulcer risk assessment, documentation, and prevention.ConclusionsThis study highlights concerns about Jordanian nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention. The results of the current study showed inadequate knowledge among Jordanian nurses about pressure ulcer prevention based on National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel guidelines. Also, the low level of nurses’ pressure ulcer knowledge suggests poor dissemination of pressure ulcer knowledge in Jordan, a suggestion supported by the lack of relationship between years of experience and pressure ulcer knowledge.

Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Jordanian Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pain Management

Aim: Although guidelines and pharmacological interventions exist to manage pain, poor assessment and under-medication are prevalent. It was reported that inadequacy of pain management can be due to nurses’ lack of knowledge and training regarding pain management. Therefore, this study conducted to evaluate the impact of education on nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding pain management. Study Design: This study utilized the simple pre-post test design. Sample: Seventy nurses participated in the study using convenience sampling and they were recruited from eleven hospitals in Jordan. The Knowledge and Attitudes Survey regarding pain was used to evaluate the effects of educational intervention on nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management. Place and Duration of Study: Al Al-Bayat University, between May to June 2012 Results: It was found that 54% of the participants were females and the average age was 29.5 (SD 8.4). The most important findings of the study were the following: a) low level of knowledge regarding pain management in the pre-test phase, the mean number of the correct answers was 19.20 (SD 5.4) out of 40 (total score if all items answered correctly; b) nurses` knowledge and attitudes were significantly improved after the course (Wilcoxon matched-pairs exact p < .001). Conclusion: This study proved that short pain course could improve nurses’ knowledge Original Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(7): 1460-1472, 2014 1461 and attitudes regarding pain management. However, the sustainability of the change needs to be further investigated.

A Comparison of Intimate Partner Violence Between Jordanian Nurses and Jordanian Women

Intimate partner violence is a serious international problem. It is not known if the extent of intimate partner violence for Jordanian nurses is similar to that of Jordanian women. Until the rate is known, implementation of nursing interventions for Jordanian women may be thwarted. The study purpose was to determine the rate of intimate partner violence among Jordanian nurses working in governmental health settings in a northern city of Jordan and to compare the rate to published statistics for a community sample of Jordanian women. A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. A stratified random sample of 80 Jordanian nurses working in governmental women's health centers and public hospitals in a northern city of Jordan was invited to participate. Institutional review board approval was granted. Participants completed the Woman Abuse Screening Tool in a private room at their work site. No identifiers were added to the survey forms. Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests were computed to compare the rate of intimate partner violence between the study sample and reported statistics for Jordanian women. Approximately 59% of participants experienced psychological violence, 12.5% experienced physical violence, and 5.1% experienced sexual violence. No significant differences were found in the rates of violence for the study sample and published data for a community sample of Jordanian women. Intimate partner violence is as prevalent against Jordanian nurses as it is for Jordanian women. Intimate partner violence needs to be addressed to prevent potential sequelae such as decreased work productivity and an inability to provide safe patient care.

What Is Being Promoted? Hospital Nurse Knowledge of Health in Jordan

The study examined the level of knowledge of health among hospital nurses in Jordan. Four focus group discussions were carried out with hospital nurses. The findings identified three themes: health as the freedom from illness, health as good social and psychological well-being, and health as a good environment to live in. The nurses in this study had no knowledge of spiritual and socioeconomic aspects of health. Our study shows that nurses' knowledge of health is often triggered by casework as opposed to a general learning of health-related issues. Hospital nurses in health promotion are unlikely to be very knowledgeable until they fully have a coherent understanding of sociocultural and environmental determinants of health.

Jordanian nurses' knowledge and responsibility for enteral nutrition in the critically ill

Poor nursing adherence to evidence-based guidelines has negative consequences leading to higher mortality rates, delayed recovery and longer length of stay. Evidence-based practice has the potential to minimize complications and discrepancies between nurses. This study aimed to assess nurses' practice and perception of their knowledge and responsibility in relation to enteral nutrition (EN) in the critically ill. This descriptive correlational design was applied to nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) from three health care sectors in Jordan (Governmental, Military and Private sectors). Nurses were recruited using a stratified sampling technique. A pre-prepared questionnaire focusing on nurses' practice and perception towards EN was used. A total of 253 ICU nurses completed the questionnaire. Nurses revealed a tendency to undertake nutritional care despite the recognition clinical nutrition is a secondary role. In terms of nursing processes, nurses showed greater levels of knowledge and responsibility for 'preventing complications' and 'evaluation' more than 'assessment' and 'identifying goals'. Nurses inadequately assess both gastric residuals and tube placement before feeding. Diarrhoea was the most frequent complication followed by abdominal pain, vomiting, tube dislodgment and weight loss. However, nurses realized that the incidences of complications is less likely when applying evidence-based protocol. It is necessary to establish a preliminary assessment for patients' nutritional needs prior to using EN. Aspiration reduction measures are still deficient and need further attention. An evidence-based protocol for EN should be adopted in the critically ill. This article provides insight into the current practice of Jordanian intensive care nurses in different health care sectors. The study can contribute to redirect the perception of nurses towards nutrition in the critically ill in addition to enhance positive adherence to evidence base.

Perceptions of patients and nurses towards nurse caring behaviors in coronary care units in Jordan

To (1) identify the perceptions of Jordanian patients who suffer from coronary artery diseases towards nurse caring behaviours in critical care units; (2) identify the perceptions of Jordanian nurses who work in critical care units towards nurse caring behaviours; and (3) compare the perceptions of both patients and nurses towards nurse caring behaviours in critical care units. Caring is an important concept in nursing, when nursing behaviours were perceived by patients as caring behaviours, and thus, their satisfaction with the quality of care can be improved. Therefore, it is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about the caring behaviours as perceived by patients who complained from coronary artery diseases themselves. A descriptive comparative design was used. A convenience sample of 150 patients who complained from coronary artery diseases and 60 critical care unit nurses completed the demographic form and the Caring Behavior Assessment scale. Patients in critical care units perceived physical and technical behaviours as most important caring behaviours, whereas nurses in critical care units perceived teaching behaviours as most important caring behaviours. There were significant differences between patient participants' and nurse participants' perceptions towards four subscales of Caring Behavior Assessment scale that should be considered when caring for patients with coronary artery diseases. Patients with coronary artery diseases need well-trained and clinically competent nurses to meet their needs. 'Spiritual needs' was an important nurse caring behaviour that should be emphasised in nursing practice.

How Male Jordanian Psychiatric Nurses Become Regular Smokers at University: Lessons in Tolerance, Cultural Identity and Stress Reduction

This paper presents smoking experience of Jordanian psychiatric nurses (JSNs) when they were nursing students and how the contextual factors in Jordanian universities and faculties of nursing influenced their smoking behaviours to become regular smokers. Background: Smoking is endemic in Jordan especially among male nursing students despite their awareness of its harmful effects. Smoking is a risk factor for the students themselves, and for their future patients. A better understanding of how male Jordanian psychiatric nurses became regular smokers when they were students is needed if smoking reduction programs and smoking cessation programs are to be effective in reducing smoking in Jordanian psychiatric hospitals and faculties of nursing. Aim: To explore retrospectively how male JPNs became regular smokers when they were studying nursing. Method: A classical grounded theory study of eight male psychiatric nurses employed in Amman was conducted to better understand why smoking is endemic among them and how they contextualized smoking into their lives to be regular smokers. Findings: Becoming regular smokers is the basic psychological process that explains how male Jordanian psychiatric nurses integrate smoking into their lives. Jordanian universities and faculties of nursing play a paradoxical role in socializing male nursing students into regular smoking behaviours while at the same time instructing them about the importance of health promotion and patient education. As a result, male nursing students learn to become regular smokers, but not how to assist themselves or their patients to cope with stress in less harmful ways. Five contextual factors influence male Jordanian nursing students to transition from occasional to regular smoking: the stressful demands of university nursing programs; encouragement to smoke from other students; lax enforcement of university non-smoking policies; no access to smoking reduction programs or smoking cessation programs; and gaps in nursing curricula. Conclusion: There are contextual and cultural factors in Jordanian universities and faculties of nursing that result in male nursing students becoming regular smokers. The findings reported here make the case for smoking prevention programs and smoking cessation program in Jordanian universities. They are particularly relevant to university administrations, nursing faculty, and health promotion specialists.

Knowledge and attitude towards pain management. A comparison between oncology and non-oncology nurses in Jordan

Background: Knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward pain management have an influence on medical judgment and patients' perception of pain control. Aim: To assess and compare oncology and non-oncology nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward pain management. Method: A cross sectional descriptive comparative design was used. Nurses were recruited conveniently from one specialized oncology center and one main general medical city in Jordan. Participants were required to complete a specific questionnaire. The total number of participant was 207 nurses (124 oncology and 93 non-oncology nurses). Results: It was evident that oncology nurses received post-registration training or courses in the field of pain management more than non-oncology nurses. Both oncology and non-oncology nurses exhibited an appropriate knowledge and attitude toward pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management strategies. However, oncology nurses scored higher in the overall knowledge and attitude toward pain compared to non-oncology nurses. Nurses showed knowledge deficit in assuming the risk for addiction and the use of narcotics in pediatric patients. Conclusions: The study revealed that oncology nurses were more knowledgeable compared to non-oncology nurses in managing pain. Professional development for nurses in the field of pain management is required whether during academic preparations or post-graduation.

Nurses' attitudes and perceived barriers to pressure ulcer prevention in Jordan

To explore Jordanian nurses' attitudes toward pressure ulcer prevention and to identify their perceived barriers to care in pressure ulcer prevention. A cross-sectional multi-centre study was undertaken in four hospitals in Jordan. The registered nurses and nurse assistants working at these sites were requested to complete a self-administered questionnaire. In total, 428 completed questionnaires were returned. The participant nurses hold positive attitudes regarding pressure ulcers prevention (mean=3.91). The only factor that seems to have an effect on the positive attitude was the experience of the participants (χ²[2, n=227]=6.38; [=0.041). The positive attitude was enhanced with increased number of years of experience. Several barriers to good practice were reported by the participants, including: lack of staff (86.2%), time (83.6%), and patient conditions (68.6%). Findings of this study suggest that positive attitudes are not enough to change practice. Several barriers need to be resolved first if effective prevention is to be provided. This should form a reference dataset that needs to be addressed in the tissue viability field in Jordan, which is still in its infancy. There were no external sources of funding for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare with regard to the article or its content.

Psychological Violence in the Workplace Among Jordanian Hospital Nurses

The purposes of the study are to (a) assess the incidence and frequency of psychological violence (verbal abuse) among Jordanian hospital nurses, (b) explore the complaints and the reactions of nurses to such violence, and (c) identify the factors that contribute to workplace violence and the management modalities from the Jordanian nurses' point of view. A descriptive survey was used to investigate verbal abuse among a convenience sample of 422 Jordanian nurses. The Questionnaire of Workplace Violence, which was developed in 2003 by the International Labor office, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International, was used to collect the data. The findings indicated that almost 70% of participants was exposed to verbal abuse in the workplace. Patients' families were the main perpetrators of these incidents. The contributing factors to psychological violence as perceived by participants were related to administration, staff, patients and their families, workplace setting, and security. The majority of participants indicated that their employers had no polices against psychological workplace violence. Helpful strategies for reducing psychological violence include implementing security measures, restricting public access, and maintaining adequate staffing.

Development of nursing research in Jordan (1986–2012)

To provide an overview of nursing research in Jordan based on the topic researched, source and setting of data collection, methodology, theoretical framework used and source of funding. Nursing research contributes to nursing education, clinical practice, health policy and the establishment of nursing research priorities in Jordan to guide future research. Databases such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, PubMed and national sources were searched for published articles related to nursing in Jordan through a range of keywords. Articles were included in the analysis if they were published in English or Arabic through December 2012. The search resulted in the identification of 999 publications, from which 462 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The highest percentage of studies (23% of articles) focused on nursing management issues. Forty-four per cent were conducted in a hospital setting; only six studies used a nursing theory. Seventy-seven per cent of the studies were quantitative and 29.0% were funded mostly by universities. Twenty-one per cent were not directly related to improving nursing education or practice in Jordan. A Jordanian Database for nursing research was developed as a result of this review. Jordanian nurses have slowly started to build nursing research, the real nursing research work in Jordan started with the return of the first PhD graduate to Jordan in 1986. Jordanian nurses in collaboration with international colleagues were motivated to publish research and build the body of nursing knowledge.

Jordanian Professional Nurses' Attitudes and Experiences of Having Family Members Present During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Adult Patients

The presence of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of an adult patient remains a contentious area of practice that has attracted wide international debate. However, the attitude and experience of Jordanian nurses concerning this area of practice are not known yet. This descriptive quantitative study was aimed at identifying the attitudes and experiences of Jordanian nurses toward the presence of family members during CPR of adult patients. A questionnaire that was developed by Fulbrook et al was completed by 136 nurses. There were 91.9% (n = 125) nurses who did not have any experience or a protocol or policy document on family presence during CPR and 97.7% (n = 133) nurses stated that they did not have any experience of inviting a family member to be present during CPR. Also, the result of this study revealed that Jordanian nurses had negative attitudes toward the presence of family members during CPR of an adult patient. Before initiating hospital policy regarding the option of family presence during resuscitation, attitudes and experiences of patients and relatives on witnessed resuscitation should be explored. Also, educating nurses about the importance of practicing to have the presence of family members during CPR of adult patients should be considered.

Pressure ulcer prevention and treatment knowledge of Jordanian nurses

AimsThe aims of the study were to determine: (1) Jordanian nurses' level of knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment of hospitalized patients based on guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. (2) Frequency of utilization of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment interventions in clinical practice. (3) Variables that are associated with nurses' utilization of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment interventions. BackgroundPressure ulcers are common and previous studies have shown education, knowledge and attitude affect implementation of interventions. MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 460 nurses between June 2010 and November 2010. We used a questionnaire, which was informed by earlier work and guidelines, to collect data about nurses' knowledge and practice of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. Results/findingsKnowledge and education show an association with implementation of prevention, and demographic variables do not. Similarly knowledge and type of hospital showed an association with implementing treatment. Of concern the use of “donuts” and massage are reported in use. ConclusionAlthough pressure ulcer care is well known by nurses, inappropriate pressure ulcer interventions were reported in use.

Becoming an Exhausted Smoker: the Beginning of the End

There is a high smoking rate among male psychiatric nurses in Jordan and among psychiatric patients in general. Smoking addiction inhibits nurses from helping patients with smoking cessation. A better understanding of the smoking behaviors of male Jordanian psychiatric nurses is required if they help patients with smoking reduction and smoking cessation. This article reports the findings from a classical grounded theory study that explains why male Jordanian psychiatric nurses are not ready for a smoking cessation role. Analysis of the statements made by eight Jordanian psychiatric nurses during individual interviews identified the last phase in a psychosocial theory of the smoking trajectory of the smoking behaviors of these nurses, the contextualizing smoking behaviors over time theory. This phase explains eight categories describe the challenges involved in quitting. We conclude that local contextual challenges to quitting need to be understood if smoking reduction and cessation programs are to be effective.

Assessment of Therapeutic Nutritional Knowledge of Jordanian Nurses

Nurses have a great contact with hospitalized patients and play an important role in their nutritional management. The current research is a cross-sectional survey, carried out in Al-Hussein Hospital, King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan, to study the level of therapeutic nutritional knowledge of Jordanian nurses. Two hundred and fifty registered nurses were invited to participate in this study; all of them were Jordanian of the Arabian ethnicity and were selected by simple random sampling method. Of those, two hundred nurses agreed to participate giving a response rate 80%. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire of 31-items which its validity and reliability were established. We found that the mean correct-response rate for therapeutic nutritional knowledge of Jordanian nurses was suboptimal (58.8%). Moreover, the therapeutic nutritional knowledge related to diabetes (71.6%) was relatively higher than those related to obesity (59.0%) and cardiovascular diseases (54.9%). Woman nurses scored significantly higher correct-response rate for cardiovascular diseases-related therapeutic nutritional knowledge than men (56.6% vs. 51.9%). Twenty out of 31 questions were answered correctly by more than 50% of the nurses. The findings suggest an urgent need to improve the curricula of undergraduate nursing courses regarding the nutrition issues and to promote postgraduate continuing educational programs concerning therapeutic nutrition.

Conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan

Aim: This paper is a report of a study of conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan. Background: There are five main styles used to deal with conflict. At present research into their utilisation is dominated by reports from Western countries. This research is the second to investigate their use by nurses in an Arab country and it illustrates similarities with the earlier work, allowing an initial profile to be constructed which may be applicable to the larger Arab world of healthcare. Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative survey of nurses in Jordan using the Rahim Organisation Conflict Inventory (ROCI II) questionnaire. Results/Findings: The nurses were most likely to prefer an integrating style of conflict management, followed in rank order by compromising, obliging, dominating and avoiding. Conclusion: A tentative model of the styles which nurses in Arab countries prefer to manage conflict is proposed, which suggests that they are likely to provide stable workplaces.

Review: Conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan

Review: Conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan

Barriers to cancer pain management: Jordanian nurses' perspectives

Adequate management of cancer pain is a human right. However, cancer pain is still not well medicated, and some of the barriers to achieving relief are related to nursing. Identifying these barriers would help the development of interventions to improve pain management. To explore barriers to cancer pain management among Jordanian nurses. A convenience sample of 96 nurses from 3 hospitals participated in a cross-sectional survey using an Arabic translation of Ward and colleagues' barriers questionnaire II. The nurses expressed high levels of barriers on the questionnaire, with a mean score of 2.5 for the questionnaire as a whole (standard deviation (SD) 0.8).The harmful and physiological effects of medications subscales received the highest mean scores: 2.7 (SD 1.1) and 2.6 (SD 0.9) respectively. Many nursing-related barriers to cancer pain management were found.These barriers need to be addressed and eliminated, for example through education and training.

Jordanian Nurses Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pain Management

Optimal pain management requires knowledgeable and trained nurses. The aim of this study is to investigate nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain treatment in Jordan. The sample included 211 nurses from 4 hospitals in Jordan. The Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain was used to measure the nurses' pain management knowledge and attitudes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, unpaired t test, and Spearman correlation test. The results indicate that 51.7% of participants were male and the average age was 27.2 (SD 4.7) years. In addition, most nurses had a bachelor's degree (90.5%) and worked in medical and surgical wards. Furthermore, 52% of nurses reported no previous pain education in the last five years. The average of correct answers was 19.3 out of 40 (SD 4.7) and the rate of correct answers ranged from 10% (item 38) to 72% (item 22). It was found that there were no significant differences between nurses' gender and educational level and the total knowledge and attitude score, except for exposure to previous pain education (t = −3.64; df = 195; p < .001). Nurses with previous pain education got higher mean scores on the questionnaire. Jordanian nurses expressed a lower level of pain knowledge than that reported worldwide. Continuous education and reforming undergraduate curricula to address pain management are recommended.

The impact of nursing leadership and management on the control of HIV/AIDS: An ethnographic study

This paper reports on an aspect of a larger ethnographic study that sought to investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on the practice of primary care nurses in Jordan. Nursing leadership and the style of management adopted by senior nursing and medical administrators at the Ministry of Heath were identified as factors impacting on the practice of the nurses and their capacity to raise community awareness and contribute to the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. The study was undertaken in three rural and three urban primary health care centres (PHCC). Data collection included participant observation, key informant interviews, and document analysis. These data informed the development of descriptive ethnographic accounts that allowed for the subsequent identification of common and divergent themes reflective of factors recognized as influencing the practice of the nurse participants.