Jordanian Context Research Articles

‘Face consciousness’ and ‘culture of embarrassment’ as stimulators to consumption: Exploring consumption decisions in the Jordanian context.

‘Face consciousness’ and ‘culture of embarrassment’ as stimulators to consumption: Exploring consumption decisions in the Jordanian context.

The utility of smart government services apps solutions in the post-pandemic era

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to determine the antecedent factors of smart government service apps intention and its impact on actual use by extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) in the Jordanian context. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the main purpose, a quantitative method was used to test collected data, and hypotheses testing through using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and smart partial least squares software. Findings The findings indicate that social media advertising has a positive effect on both social influence and peer influence. Furthermore, it demonstrated a significant effect of social influence on performance expectancy. In addition, there is a direct correlation between the government capacity, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and the intention to use e-government services. Lastly, the results mainly show that the actual use of e-government services is significantly and positively influenced by intention and self-isolation. Next, as expected, self-isolation moderated the relationship between intention to use and actual use of e-government services via the Sanad application, and hence the related hypothesis was supported. Originality/value This study provides practical recommendations for the policy-makers in the Jordanian e-government and Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship (MoDEE) in Jordan.

A collaborative cybersecurity framework for higher education

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the educational computer emergency response team (EduCERT) framework, an integrated response mechanism to bolster national cybersecurity through collaborative efforts in the higher education sector. The EduCERT framework addresses this gap by enhancing cyber security and mitigating cybercrime through collaborative incident management, knowledge sharing and university awareness campaigns. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an EduCERT framework following the design science methodology. The framework is developed based on literature and input from focus group experts. Moreover, it is grounded in the principles of the technology-organization-environment framework, organizational learning and diffusion of innovations theory. Findings The EduCERT has eight components: infrastructure, governance, knowledge development, awareness, incident management, evaluation and continuous improvement. The framework reinforces national cybersecurity through cooperation between universities and the National Computer Emergency Response Team. The framework has been implemented in Jordan to generate a cybersecurity foundation for higher education. Evaluating the EduCERT framework’s influence on national cybersecurity highlights the importance of adopting comprehensive cyber-security policies and controls. The framework application shows its relevance, effectiveness, adaptability and alignment with best practices. Research limitations/implications Despite the impact of applying the framework in the Jordanian context, it is essential to acknowledge that the proposed EduCERT framework’s practical implementation may encounter challenges specific to diverse international educational environment sectors. However, framework customization for global applicability could address varied educational institutions in other countries. Practical implications Furthermore, the proposed EduCERT framework is designed with universal applicability that extends beyond the specific country’s context. The principles and components presented in the framework can serve as valuable design advice for establishing collaborative and resilient cybersecurity frameworks in educational settings worldwide. Therefore, the research enhances the proposed framework’s practical utility and positions it as an invaluable contribution to the broader discourse on global cybersecurity in academia. Originality/value This paper enhances national cybersecurity in the higher education sector, addressing the need for a more integrated response mechanism. The EduCERT framework demonstrates its effectiveness, adaptability and alignment with best practices, offering valuable guidance for global educational institutions.

The catalytic effect of organizational learning on ambidexterity for firm performance

Purpose This study investigates the impact of organizational ambidexterity on employee performance within Jordanian clearance companies, focusing on the mediating role of organizational learning. This research aims to explore how the dimensions of exploration and exploitation influence performance outcomes, including effectiveness and growth. Design/methodology/approach Using analytical descriptive research, this study uses SMART-PLS 4 for hypothesis testing and mediation analysis. A meticulously developed questionnaire, grounded in scholarly literature and vetted by experts, was distributed to 230 employees across the Jordanian clearance industry, achieving a 91.3% response rate. Findings This study found that companies do better when they effectively explore and exploit, especially if they also focus on learning and adapting. This insight is particularly useful for those in the human resource development and management fields who aim to boost employee performance and, ultimately, the success of their organizations. The findings reveal a significant indirect effect of organizational ambidexterity on performance through organizational learning. Ambidexterity explained 55.6% of the variance in organizational learning, and subsequently, organizational learning accounted for 47.4% of performance variance. The total performance variance was 81.8%, indicating a strong relationship between the constructs. Research limitations/implications This study’s scope is limited to the Jordanian clearance industry, suggesting the need for further research across different contexts and industries. The reliance on self-reported data may introduce bias, warranting future use of mixed methods for a more comprehensive understanding. Practical implications The findings underscore the importance of fostering organizational learning as a mediator between ambidexterity and performance. Companies should invest in strategies that enhance both exploratory and exploitative activities, leveraging organizational learning to improve performance outcomes. Social implications By highlighting the role of organizational learning in mediating the relationship between ambidexterity and performance, this research suggests pathways for businesses to contribute to economic growth and employee development within the Jordanian context and potentially beyond. Originality/value This study contributes to the field by examining the underexplored context of the Jordanian customs clearance industry and using a robust methodological framework to assess the relationship between organizational ambidexterity, learning and performance. It provides empirical evidence supporting the significant impact of balanced competency configurations on performance outcomes.

Sustainable Development Goals Against Unfair Business Competition Practices in Electronic Environment in Jordanian Legislation – Comparative Study

Objective: this study is to investigate to attempt to provide some legal assurance for fair and reasonable competition among business actors to sustainable development. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, digital market (e-commerce) is, the market reality today for Jordanian businesses and customers, and unfair business competition in the digital market is a new phenomenon. Hence, in the Jordanian context, this study attempted to impose more rules in order to reduce the potentials for unfair competition. Method: The study used the legal approach through used of the descriptive doctrinal approach by referring to laws, books, research and other references via the Internet. As for the comparative approach, such as referring to the law of the United Kingdom, French law and other laws to reach solutions to address unfair competition in e-commerce in Jordan. Results and Discussion: The rules in Jordan are not adequate in imposing some obligations and in protecting against illegal competition between merchants. In this regard, this study recommended the Jordanian unfair competition law and trade secrets 2000 need some amendments to keep abreast with the advancements in electronic transactions and to keep in line with the Law of Electronic Information and Transactions. Research Implication: The execution of e-commerce has challenged by several issues such as language, regulations, taxation, difficulties in recognizing actors, and countries’ legal differences, especially in Jordan. Originality/ Value: This research is the originality and creativity of the researcher and has not published before. It is a new work, which distinguishes the research from previous studies.

Legal Problems in Organizing Sick Leave for Workers under Jordanian Law

Sick leave is considered one of the essential types of leave that an employee may require during their service with an employer. Sick leave has received attention in numerous legislations in different countries, with provisions and considerations to ensure a balanced relationship between the worker and the employer. In the Jordanian context, the legislator has granted workers the right to sick leave if certain conditions are met. This raises the question of how well the Jordanian legislator considers the interests of both the worker and the employer and strives to create a balance between them. The worker is allowed to benefit from sick leave if specific conditions are met, which reflects the legislator's good intention to provide procedures that guarantee a fair balance between the interests of the worker and the employer. The worker is required to provide medical proof substantiating their need for sick leave. In this context, the role of the designated physician is crucial in assessing the health condition and the necessity of the leave. Despite these positive aspects, there may be potential challenges in implementing this system. The worker may encounter difficulties in obtaining medical reports within a short period, and the system may require more transparency and controls to ensure its fair and balanced utilization by all parties involved. Therefore, it is preferable to consider more details on how the law regulates sick leave and how it impacts the employment relationship. Additionally, it is important to address the specifics of implementing current laws and their effectiveness in protecting the rights of workers and the interests of employers.

The impact of information technology capability on audit report lag and audit fees: empirical evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of client information technology (IT) capabilities on audit report lag and audit fees in Jordanian companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach This study analysed financial and non-financial data from 72 Jordanian public shareholding companies listed on the ASE between 2014 and 2021. Using fixed- and random-effects models, the authors examined the impact of client IT capabilities on audit report lag and audit fees. The authors also examined how the COVID-19 pandemic might affect audit report lag and audit fees. The analysis incorporated various control variables specific to the Jordanian context to ensure accuracy. Findings Empirical evidence indicates that client IT capabilities do not significantly impact audit report lag and audit fees. In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic has positively impacted audit report lag and audit fees, leading to an increase in audit report lag of 60 to 67 days and an increase in audit fees of approximately 15%. It is worth noting that these effects are more pronounced when influenced by factors including return on assets, company losses and audits conducted by the Big 4 firms. Research limitations/implications The scope of this study, which focuses on Jordanian firms, may limit the generalisability of the findings to other contexts. Reliance on aggregate IT infrastructure and software assets as proxies for IT capabilities might not fully capture their multifaceted nature, overlooking the qualitative aspects crucial for audit outcomes. Furthermore, excluding external factors such as governmental regulations underscores the need for future research to explore the nuanced interplay between IT capabilities, internal control systems and regulatory environments, enriching our understanding of audit practices. Originality/value This study contributes to auditing literature by examining the interplay between IT capabilities and audit processes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. This study highlights the unexpected finding that IT capabilities have minimal impact on audit report lags and fees, opening new avenues for research on how pandemics and similar crises can reshape auditing practices and influence regulatory policies in an evolving economic environment.

Capital expenditure, tax avoidance and bank performance: Evidence from Jordanian banks

Tax avoidance and capital expenditure are critical financial strategies employed by banks to enhance profitability. Understanding their impact on bank financial performance is essential for policymakers and bank managers seeking to optimize financial strategies. This study is aimed to investigate the influence of tax avoidance (TAV) and capital expenditure on the financial performance of Jordanian banks, while exploring the moderating effect of firm size. Using regression analysis, the relationships between tax avoidance, capital expenditure, bank size, and bank financial performance were investigated. Financial data from Jordanian banks were utilized over a specified period. The study results refer that tax avoidance has a positive correlation with ROA (the correlation = 31.7%) and ROE (the correlation = 30.2%). The results reveal that tax avoidance significantly impacts bank financial performance, with banks employing tax avoidance strategies exhibiting higher returns on assets and equity. However, capital expenditure does not demonstrate a significant association with bank financial performance. Additionally, firm size does not moderate the link between TAV, capital expenditure, and bank financial performance. The non-significant impact of capital expenditure underscores the need for banks to explore alternative avenues for improving financial performance. These findings provide a valuable insight for policymakers and bank managers in devising effective financial strategies to optimize bank performance in the Jordanian context.

Factors affecting crash severity in Roundabouts: A comprehensive analysis in the Jordanian context

Roundabouts are widely embraced for their perceived safety advantages over other types of unsignalized intersections. However, there has been an observed increase in crash rates at roundabouts over time in Jordan. This paper delves into modeling traffic crash severity at roundabouts, considering various factors such as weather, lighting, vehicle characteristics, geometric features, and driver age and gender. To comprehensively analyze roundabout crashes in Jordan, we constructed rule-based classifiers and Random Forest models after balancing the dataset. Rule-based models offer interpretability, albeit with some simplicity trade-off, while Random Forest models provide deeper analysis but require additional explanation. Presenting both outputs to subject matter experts and policymakers facilitates a holistic understanding of factors contributing to roundabout crashes in Jordan. Subsequently, CN2 results revealed that injury severity crashes are influenced by the time of the day, driver age, day of the week, speed, and number of vehicles involved. On the other hand, property damage-only crashes are affected by the number of lanes, time of the day, type of driver fault, lighting conditions, speed, and day of the week. The RF model analysis unveiled crucial factors influencing crash severity in roundabouts, notably the varying impact of driver age, time of day, the number of vehicles involved, seasonality, and vehicle speed. This proposed approach is promising, comprehensive, and not only enhances the understanding of roundabout crashes but also informs the development of effective, localized safety interventions.

Breathing new life into industrial heritage: the digital era's influence on transforming Safawi cinema into a historical museum

PurposeThis paper aims to identify and evaluate the industrial heritage of the Safawi region, which has suffered from neglect and government dispossession. It proposes strategies for documenting and repurposing the Al-Safawi cinema, advocating for its transformation into a historical museum. Repurposing culturally significant structures as museums offers opportunities to address challenges, preserve heritage, promote sustainable urban development, improve local quality of life, and attract tourists.Design/methodology/approachEmploying an inductive approach, this research uses qualitative methods, including detailed descriptive analysis, along with contemporary digital documentation tools such as RTC360 Laser Scanning, Digi Cad 3D, Autodesk Revit, AutoCAD, and Photoshop.FindingsThe study demonstrates that converting heritage buildings into museums requires minimal alterations to maintain authenticity and historical integrity. These findings provide valuable insights into architectural considerations that inform decision-making processes for museum projects, contributing to discussions on museum standards, practices, and adaptive reuse within the Jordanian context.Originality/valueThis study stands out for its use of advanced digital tools within the Jordanian context, representing a significant advancement in digital documentation practices. Few studies have explored the Safawi area and its heritage, making this research particularly innovative. By advocating for minimal alterations to preserve authenticity, it sets a valuable precedent for museum projects in the country, enhancing efforts in heritage conservation and cultural enrichment. This initiative highlights the evolving landscape of digital engagement in Jordan and its potential implications for cultural heritage management.

“We do others’ Jobs”: a qualitative study of non-nursing task challenges and proposed solutions

IntroductionNon-nursing tasks (NNTs) have become a prevalent issue among healthcare professionals, affecting nurses globally. This study delves into the experiences of Jordanian nurses regarding NNTs, aiming to uncover challenges and propose solutions within the Jordanian healthcare context.ObjectiveExplore the impact of NNTs on Jordanian nurses’ roles, workload, and satisfaction. Additionally, the study aims to identify various types of NNTs performed by nurses, understand their impact, and propose solutions to mitigate challenges associated with these tasks.MethodsA qualitative-exploratory research design was employed for this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Jordanian nurses using a purposeful sampling approach to ensure a diverse representation of experiences and perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes and patterns related to NNTs, their challenges, and potential solutions. Ethical guidelines were strictly followed to maintain participant confidentiality and ensure the integrity of the data collected.ResultsAnalysis of the interviews revealed four major themes: challenges of NNTs, types of NNTs, impact of NNTs, and proposed solutions. Nurses faced significant difficulties due to task ambiguity, role confusion, and increased workload from NNTs, which included administrative duties, clerical work, and tasks typically performed by other healthcare professionals. These NNTs negatively impacted nurses’ effectiveness, productivity, and job satisfaction by diverting time and energy from primary nursing responsibilities, causing professional strain. To address these issues, participants suggested clearer job descriptions, stricter task assignment protocols, and systemic changes to tackle the root causes of NNTs.ConclusionThis study sheds light on the pervasive challenges posed by NNTs among Jordanian nurses and emphasizes the importance of addressing these issues to enhance nursing care quality and nurse well-being. By proposing actionable solutions tailored to the Jordanian context, this research contributes to the global discourse on NNTs and underscores the need for organizational support and advocacy to optimize nurses’ roles and improve patient care outcomes.

THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE PROVIDER ASSESSMENTS FOR PATIENT EXPERIENCES DURING PAIN AND ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT IN JORDANIAN CONTEXT

Aim: The goal of the present study is to determine the perceptions of the provider assessments for patient experiences during pain and orthodontic treatment in Jordanian context. Materials and Methods: The research sample was gathered at the Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Princess Haya Bent Alhussain Hospital, and Price Hashim Hospital from patients who have had orthodontic treatment in the past. Specifically, 107 questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire aimed to identify the pain during and appointments based on providers’ and patients experience. The replies of the patients were calculated using frequency. Result: A comparison was also conducted, focusing on the average responses from all of the providers and patients. The independent sample t-tests showed the estimation of the providers regarding the last appointment of their patients. The providers asked their patients how much pain they were experiencing (2.93 versus 2.50; P.056). Following this, a comparison was made regarding the pain that patients experienced immediately after the last appointment (3.83 versus 3.62; P.047), as well as one day after the treatment (3.72 versus 3.48; P.006) and two days after the last appointment (3.19 versus 3.08; P .001). Last but not least, it is demonstrated that at today's appointment, difference was (2.13 vs 2.28; P .425). Conclusions: Finding out whether or not orthodontists are aware that their patients take pain medication and whether or not patient reports of their pain are compatible with orthodontists' assessments of their patients' pain levels are crucial.

Smart Robots and Civil Liability in Jordan: A Quest for Legal Synthesis in the Age of Automation

This paper embarks on a pivotal scholarly journey to scrutinize the civil liability implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the Jordanian legal framework. As AI transforms from a speculative concept into an omnipresent reality, it presents unique jurisprudential challenges, particularly civil liability. This study aims to bridge the jurisprudential vacuum in Jordan, where an absence of judicial precedents highlights the urgency for legal exploration in this emerging field. Adopting a doctrinal legal research methodology, the study rigorously examines Jordanian liability theories and their applicability to AI and undertakes a comparative analysis with more advanced legal systems in AI regulation. The paper navigates the intricacies of AI in the context of traditional Jordanian legal theories, such as objective and personal liability theories. It extends to explore the challenges of attributing liability in the age of AI. Key findings reveal significant inadequacies in Jordan’s current legal provisions to address AI-induced liabilities, the disconnection between civil liability and AI accountability, jurisdictional ambiguities, and challenges in applying traditional legal concepts to the unpredictable nature of AI. The study proposes granting AI legal personality, legislative intervention, enforcing global accountability standards, advocating for international cooperation, and exploring technological limitations with ethical programming. This research contributes profoundly to academic discourse and policy formulation, particularly in the Jordanian context, highlighting the need for a comprehensive, adaptable, and robust legal framework that addresses the unique challenges posed by AI and robotics in the legal domain.

Exploring the factors that influence academic performance in Jordanian higher education institutions

Since the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit the world, many universities have used digital asynchronous learning tools such as Digital Learning Management Systems (DLMS) to continue the educational process. Despite its global usage, only a few studies have investigated its quality in the Jordanian context during the COVID-19 period from a quantitative and qualitative approach perspective. Thus, the current study aims to explore the factors that influence academic performance in Jordanian higher education institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed methods research approach was employed to evaluate the quality of the teaching-learning process for Jordanian students in higher education institutions. The triangulated data focused on three core pillars namely if students saw a difference in their grades prior to, during, and after the pandemic, the challenges faced and improvement suggestions. Accordingly, the quantitative approach with an online questionnaire and the qualitative approach with structured interviews were applied to collect the required data from Jordanian students in higher education institutions. The results of the current study revealed that the evaluation of the teaching-learning process quality during the pandemic period affected students’ academic performance in different proportions based on their specialization area. In addition, the study results also identified the most important challenges that faced the students during this period and suggested procedures to overcome them and improve the distance learning process. The current study offers empirical evidence on critical success factors underlying digital learning management systems in the COVID-19 era, which can help policymakers in Jordanian universities and the ministry of higher education and scientific research to improve the quality of the teaching-learning process in the Jordanian context.

Covid-19 lexical innovation and morphological processes in the Jordanian context

Covid-19 lexical innovation and morphological processes in the Jordanian context

Understanding Factors Influencing Citizens' Intentions to Use Electronic Government (e-Gov) Services

This research assesses the key constructs impacting transactional e-government services in the Jordanian context. The proposed research model considers UTAUT2 as the underpinning theory alongside the other key contextual variables including perceived risk, price value, and perceived awareness. Data were gathered from 294 Jordanian citizens and covariance based structure equation modelling was utilised to analyse the model. The results indicated the significant influence of constructs such as performance expectancy, social influence, price value, perceived risk, and perceived awareness on attitude whereas attitude further influences behavioral intentions. The paper has also provided some relevant recommendations for theory and practice.

Medication errors occurrence and reporting: A qualitative study of the Jordanian nurses' experiences

Background & Aim: Medication errors are a significant concern in healthcare, with effective management largely dependent on understanding its causes and reporting practices. This study aims to explore the experiences of Jordanian nurses in relation to medication error occurrence and reporting within the Jordanian context and the factors that may influence their decisions to report or not. Methods & Materials: A qualitative descriptive approach was used. 24 nurses from three different hospitals were interviewed. The hospitals included a major governmental institution, a private facility, and a university hospital, ensuring diverse healthcare settings. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, and the study was reported guided by the COREQ checklist. Results: Three major themes were identified: Obsolete policies and guidelines, Adapting to an Unhealthy Environment, and Trying to adjust: creating own definition for MEs. In our study, medication errors emerged as a pervasive issue across Jordanian hospitals, attributed to both systemic failures and individual practices. Despite existing policies, participants reported frequent MEs due to obsolete guidelines, lack of adherence, and an environment that hinders effective medication administration. Conclusion: The study reveals the critical issues of medication errors in Jordanian hospitals due to outdated policies and challenging environments. It emphasizes the need for updated protocols and a culture supportive of error reporting. Addressing these factors is essential for improving patient safety and healthcare quality.

Predicting customer intention to adopt mobile commerce in Jordan

BACKGROUND: The progress made in wireless communications has led to a higher adoption of mobile devices among users and has spurred the development of mobile commerce technology. OBJECTIVE: This research examines the factors influencing the intention to adopt mobile commerce in Jordan. These factors include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, social influence, personal innovation, and mobility. METHODS: The study relied on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), incorporating additional variables to suit the Jordanian context. The researchers gathered data from 540 users, and the research hypotheses were evaluated using smartPLS analysis. The study utilized a convenience sample due to the absence of a comprehensive list of names of mobile commerce users. RESULTS: The results reveal that perceived usefulness, trust, social influence, personal innovation, and mobility play a significant role in influencing adoption intentions of mobile commerce. Furthermore, the study finds that mobility significantly affects the perceived usefulness of mobile commerce. In contrast, perceived ease of use does not show a statistically significant relationship on the intention to adopt mobile commerce. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights for companies, service developers, and mobile marketers, enabling them to enhance the adoption rate of this service among individuals.

Exploring the Confluence of Risk Management, Project Quality, and Project Performance in the Jordanian Context in Construction Industry

The construction sector in Jordan has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by government initiatives for economic diversification. However, the industry has faced challenges such as project delays, inadequate time management, and resource allocation issues. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the intricate connections between risk management, project quality, and project performance within Jordan's construction landscape. It reviews the interplay between risk management, project quality, and project performance in this context. The literature review emphasizes themes like effective communication, critical success factors, and timely project delivery. It also highlights risk management's role in mitigating communication-related risks and addressing time delays. The abstract mentions the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory's application, emphasizing how unique resources contribute to competitive advantage. Overall, the review provides insights for stakeholders to navigate challenges and excel in the construction industry.

"Innovative Technologies or Invasive Technologies?": Exploring Design Challenges of Privacy Protection With Smart Home in Jordan

The growing adoption of smart devices has fuelled privacy concerns, and prior research has highlighted the privacy of bystanders: individuals who are subjected to the smart device use of others. Most of this research has focused on households in Western contexts (i.e., Europe and North America), but few studies have explored the design challenges of protecting bystanders, and even fewer have explored these in Muslim Arab Middle Eastern settings, such as Jordan. We conduct 44 interviews with users (i.e., families, domestic workers), local and international business leaders, and smart device designers to explore design challenges for privacy protection in the Jordanian context. Our analysis highlights the importance of considering contextual influences and power dynamics, localization and design guidelines, innovative technologies, awareness to design, and regulation. This paper concludes with recommendations for technical, social, business, and legal interventions to improve data protection design of smart devices in Jordan.