Jojoba Oil Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review of Plant-Based Cosmetic Oils (Virgin Coconut Oil, Olive Oil, Argan Oil, and Jojoba Oil): Chemical and Biological Properties and Their Cosmeceutical Applications

A Comprehensive Review of Plant-Based Cosmetic Oils (Virgin Coconut Oil, Olive Oil, Argan Oil, and Jojoba Oil): Chemical and Biological Properties and Their Cosmeceutical Applications

Population Dynamic of Aphis gossypii, and Their Parasitoids, and Effect of Some Insecticides on Aphids, Chlorophyll Content, Non-Enzymatic and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Cantaloupe Leaves in Greenhouses

Under green house, the Population density of Aphis gossypii on cantaloupe plants recorded two peaks on May 9th and 23th with 1409 and 1561 individuals/ 10 leaves in season 2022, while one highest peak, on 16th May with 1650 individuals/ 10 leaves in season 2023. Parasitism status of Aphidius colemani and Lysiphlebus fabarum varied from 1.49% on 25 April to 35.79% on 9th of May with seasonal parasitism 2023 in 2022 and ranged between 0.73% on 25th of April and 30.06% on 16th of May with seasonal parasitism 16.57% in 2023. Acetamiprid, imidacloprid, imidacloprid + abamectin, jojoba oil, orange oil and thiamethoxam + abamectin compounds were tested to control aphids during two seasons. Imidacloprid recorded the highest reduction with all average 97.88 ±1.15 and 97.39 ±1.15 in the first and second season respectively. the highest mean reduction of emergence of the two-parasites caused by thiamethoxam + abamectin by 16.92% followed by Imidacloprid with 16.87%. While the least toxicity to emergence of the parasitoids recorded with jojoba oil 0.0% followed by orange oil 1.93% in season 2022, while in season 2023, the higher parasitoid reduction caused by acetamiprid 18.05% followed by Imidacloprid 17.69% and thiamethoxam + abamectin 17.53%. Chlorophyll content increased with treatment jojoba oil followed by Imidacloprid by 47.91 and 44.73 unit in the first season and Thiamethoxam with abamectin lead to the highest content by 44.05 unit in the leaves followed by jojoba oil with 43.65 unit. The least treatment was Imidacloprid + abamectin with 39.55 unit compared with control treatment 40.43 unit. Treatment Thiamethoxam + abamectin recorded the highest content of carbohydrates (48.43) compared with control (47.71). Treatments of insecticides led to increase of protein, fats and total lipid compared with control. Also, Antioxidant enzymes activity in cantaloupe leaves were found to be increased in the treatment of insecticides compared with control.

Design optimization of a phase-change capacitive sensor for irreversible temperature threshold monitoring and its eco-friendly and wireless implementation

Monitoring the temperature of perishable goods during transport and storage is essential to prevent waste and maintain product quality. Exploiting the unique property of phase-change materials (PCM), altering their physical state at specific temperatures, we optimize a capacitive sensor design based on a copper on polyimide interdigitated spiral (IDE) structure coated with a PCM to irreversibly detect temperature thresholds. The effect of the sensor dimensioning on its response is analyzed using a finite element model simulation. The model predicted up to 51% capacitance variation for optimal coverage of the PCM after spreading over the IDE, which was validated experimentally within a 5% error. Two melting concepts utilizing the spreading or the removal of the melted PCM over the IDE are investigated based on a capillary retention mechanism to maintain sensor sensitivity under inclination. Finally, an eco-friendly implementation of the capacitive structure and its wireless operation at 460 MHz is demonstrated on paper with a printed zinc transducer passivated with beeswax and covered with jojoba oil. Melting of the oil at a threshold temperature of 12.3 °C resulted in an irreversible shift in resonance frequency of 14 MHz. This study provides guidelines for the design and implementation of irreversible temperature monitoring capacitive sensors.

Formulation and characterization of tea tree and jojoba oils nano-emulgel for in-vivo wound healing assessment

Cutaneous wounds are the most common surgical affections among living organisms worldwide, and their healing may be interrupted by several factors. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of tea tree and jojoba oils nano-emulsions, additionally, investigating the cytotoxicity of the optimized formula was investigated on normal human lung fibroblast cells (WI-38) by MTT colorimetric assay, additionally its in-vivo wound healing. Nano-emulsions (NEs) were prepared using a high-energy method and characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential, droplet size, and poly dispersive index (PDI). Nano-emulgel (NEG) was formulated by mixing the standard NE with carbopol® 940. For in-vivo wound healing, thirty adult female albino rats were assigned into control, moist exposed burn ointment (Mebo), and NEG-treated groups. The healing was assessed by analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and histopathology in healed wound tissues. All formulations demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. The CC50 of the optimized formula was 453.82± 3.87 µg/mL, with a mean droplet size of 105.4 nm and a zeta potential of −39.2 ± 2.1 mV. NEG enhanced wound closure compared to Mebo-treated and control groups. Also, MDA significantly decreased and SOD significantly increased in NEG and Mebo-treated groups compared to the control (p ˂ 0.05). TNF-α, and IL-1β significantly decreased in NEG and Mebo-treated compared to the control (p < 0.05). Histopathology revealed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, rapid epithelization, and increased collagen deposition in NEG-treated wound tissues compared to the control and Mebo-treated wounds. In conclusion, the NEG containing tea tree and jojoba oils demonstrated significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing activities.

Exploring the physiological response differences of β-caryophyllene, linalool and citral inhalation and their anxiolytic potential

Essential oils with β-caryophyllene, citral, and linalool as key compounds often exhibit some anti-anxiety like effects in aromatherapy. However, evidence of the effect of these three compounds through human inhalation remains limited. It is worth exploring their potential anxiolytic effect through the olfactory pathway, and finding out whether the three compounds lead to different physiological responses. A total of 48 subjects were randomly assigned to three odor (β-caryophyllene, citral, and linalool) inhalation groups and one control (odorless jojoba oil) group. Stress stimulation was induced using n-back and mental arithmetic tasks. The odor was administered before the task test session. Assessments including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), electroencephalogram (EEG) activities, facial expressions, several physiological indicators, and a self-report scale of subjective perception of the odor environments were carried out. The changes before and after inhalation, as well as the inter-group differences, were analyzed. Both β-caryophyllene and citral inhalation led to a significant decrease in anxiety levels, while only β-caryophyllene resulted in a notable reduction across both sub-scales of STAI. Following the odor inhalation, heart rate significantly decreased in all three groups, with the β-caryophyllene group exhibiting the most pronounced decline. While the systolic blood pressure of the linalool group demonstrated a statistically significant difference. Regarding facial expressions, β-caryophyllene significantly increased the ratio of 'Happiness' and decreased the ratio of ‘Fear'. In the non-task state, citral reduced the power of frontal alpha, delta, and theta waves while β-caryophyllene had a similar effect. All odor inhalation groups showed increased delta and theta waves after the task compared with the control group, with the β-caryophyllene group having notably lower frontal beta waves. β-Caryophyllene and citral exhibited good anti-anxiety effects. Subjects receiving different odors showed different EEG and physiological responses, indicating the differences in emotional regulation ways among the three compounds.

Panax notoginseng saponins loaded W/O microemulsion for alopecia therapy with panthenol as cosurfactant to reduce skin irritation

The etiology of alopecia is so complex that current therapies with single-mechanism and attendant side-effects during long-term usage, are insufficient for treatment. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) is supposed to treat alopecia with multiple mechanisms, but difficult to penetrate skin efficiently due to water-solubility. Here, we designed water-in-oil microemulsion (PNS ME) using jojoba oil, fractioned coconut oil, RH 40 + Span 80 and cosurfactant D-panthenol, to help PNS penetrating the skin. Particularly, D-panthenol not only enlarges the microemulsion area, reduces the usage amounts of surfactants thus relieves skin irritation, but stimulates the migration of dermal papilla cells (DPCs), displaying cooperative effects on anti-alopecia. PNS ME penetrates through sebum-rich corneum via high-affinity lipid fusion, targets to hair follicles (HFs), where it resides in skin for sustained drug release, accelerates angiogenesis to build well-nourished environment for HFs, and facilitates the proliferation and migration of DPCs in vitro. PNS ME markedly improved hair density, skin pigmentation, new hair weight, skin thickness, and collagen generation of telogen effluvium mice. Moreover, PNS also took outstanding curative effects on androgenetic alopecia mice. Upon further exploration, PNS ME caused dramatic upregulations of β-catenin, VEGF and Ki67, suggesting it might function by triggering Wnt/β-catenin pathway, accelerating vessels formation, and activating the hair follicle stem cells. Notably, PNS ME indicated longer-term safety than minoxidil tincture. Together, PNS ME provides a comprehensive strategy for alopecia, especially it avoids defects by high-proportioned surfactants in traditional microemulsion, exhibiting milder and safer, which shows bright prospect of applying microemulsion in hair growth promotion.

Therapeutic potential of wild rare plant-derived herbal ointment: a promising intervention for managing chronic dermatological conditions

IntroductionChronic skin conditions have become a significant global healthcare issue, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the medicinal properties of ABBA Herbal Ointment, derived from the wild plant Cymbopogon schoenanthus ssp. proximus. Introduced in 2001, this ointment contains natural ingredients such as Aloe vera, jojoba oil, and calendula, extracted from desert medicinal plants. It has demonstrated swift and conclusive efficacy in treating chronic skin conditions. Clinically verified and patented in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Patent Number: GC 0001218), its therapeutic potential is supported by extensive research conducted by three French laboratories. MethodsThe traditional method is used to produce the ointment from the plant extract. To make the ointment, the extracted plant chlorophyll was homogenised with olive oil and natural beeswax. To further validate the therapeutic potential of the ointment, in vitro occlusive tests were performed to assess its efficacy on human skin, with results observed after 48 hours. In this study, 24 volunteers participated, of which two discontinued. ResultsThe topical application of the ointment shows no side effects, and further trials demonstrate its beneficial effects in managing chronic skin diseases. ConclusionABBA Herbal Ointment, derived from the rare wild plant C. schoenanthus ssp. proximus, shows significant potential as an effective treatment for chronic dermatological conditions. The study supports the ointment's efficacy and safety, aligning with the goal of developing novel therapeutic approaches for chronic skin diseases.

Structural characterization of wax esters using ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry

Wax esters play critical roles in biological systems, serving functions from energy storage to chemical signaling. Their diversity is attributed to variations in alcohol and acyl chains, including their length, branching, and the stereochemistry of double bonds. Traditional analysis by mass spectrometry with collisional activations (CID, HCD) offers insights into acyl chain lengths and unsaturation level. Still, it falls short in pinpointing more nuanced structural features like the position of double bonds. As a solution, this study explores the application of 213-nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) for the detailed structural analysis of wax esters. It is shown that lithium adducts provide unique fragments as a result of Norrish and Norrish-Yang reactions at the ester moieties and photoinduced cleavages of double bonds. The product ions are useful for determining chain lengths and localizing double bonds. UVPD spectra of various wax esters are presented systematically, and the effect of activation time is discussed. The applicability of tandem mass spectrometry with UVPD is demonstrated for wax esters from natural sources. The UHPLC analysis of jojoba oil proves the compatibility of MS2 UVPD with the chromatography time scale, and a direct infusion is used to analyze wax esters from vernix caseosa. Data shows the potential of UVPD and its combination with CID or HCD in advancing our understanding of wax ester structures.Graphical

Preserving Postharvest Quality of Medjool Date Palm Fruits by Edible Oil Emulsions Application

Edible oils work to protect the fruit in more than one way. They act as a barrier or insulating layer that prevents moisture loss from the fruits, prevents the development of microbes on the surface, prevents chemical changes in the fruits, and prevents the deterioration of the fruits. These functions work to improve the quality of the fruits and increase the shelf life of the fruits. Medjool date palm fruits experience post-harvest difficulties such as weight loss, reduced taste, microbial contamination, and general quality degradation during storage, particularly at room temperature. Essential oils with antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant qualities, such as jasmine oil, black cumin oil, and jojoba oil, have demonstrated significant promise for improving fruit storability and quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of treatment with edible coating with jasmine oil, black cumin oil, and jojoba oil of Medjool date palm fruits under room storage conditions to lengthen shelf life, preserve quality, and reduce refrigeration during the seasons of 2021 and 2022. The study treatments were jasmine oil 1.5%, black cumin oil 1.5%, jojoba oil 7%, and untreated fruits as a control. Data showed that treatment with edible coating with jojoba oil reduced Medjool date palm fruit decay percentages and weight loss, delayed skin separation, and improved chemical fruit properties such as total sugar and total soluble solids (TSS%), followed by black cumin oil and then jasmine oil. The results showed that using jasmine oil, black cumin oil, or jojoba oil as a layer of essential oils provides a realistic option to enhance storability, extend shelf life, maintain quality, and reduce refrigeration in Medjool date palm fruits.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Jojoba oil as a novel antibacterial agent for controlling Pectobacterium carotovorum in potato

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Jojoba oil as a novel antibacterial agent for controlling Pectobacterium carotovorum in potato

Novel composite fatty acid vesicles-in-Pluronic lecithin organogels for enhanced magnolol delivery in skin cancer treatment

A novel composite carrier composed of Pluronic lecithin organogels and fatty acid vesicles was used to enhance the stability and facilitate the topical delivery of a natural bioactive drug, magnolol (Mag), for treatment of skin cancer. Jojoba oil was incorporated in the organogel (OG) base to provide a synergistic effect in treatment of skin cancer. The organoleptic properties, rheological behavior, morphology, and drug content of the OG formulations were investigated with emphasis on the impact of vesicle loading on the OG characteristics. The effect of OG on Mag release and ex-vivo permeation studies were evaluated and compared to free Mag in OG. The biological anti-tumor activity of the OG formulae was assessed using a skin cancer model in mice.All OG formulations exhibited uniform drug distribution with drug content ranging from 92.22 ± 0.91 to 100.45 ± 0.77 %. Rheological studies confirmed the OG shear-thinning flow behavior. Ex-vivo permeation studies demonstrated that the permeation of Mag from all OG formulations surpassed that obtained with free Mag in the OG. The anti-tumor activity studies revealed the superior efficacy of 10-hydroxy-decanoic acid (HDA)-based vesicles incorporated in OG formulations in mitigating 7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer, thereby offering a promising platform for the local delivery of Mag.

Utilizing photodeposition to fabricate micro-nano structured microcapsules for enhancing mechanical and high-temperature tribological performance of fabric composites

Fabric composite materials face significant challenges in maintaining excellent tribological properties at high temperatures. This study employed photodeposition to deposit gold (Au) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles on the surface of titanium dioxide-coated jojoba oil microcapsules (TiO2 @jojoba), yielding micro-nanostructured Au-TiO2 @jojoba and Cu-TiO2 @jojoba microcapsules. Subsequently, microcapsules participated in the in-situ polymerization of polyimide (PI), serving as crosslinking points in PEEK/PTFE fabric-reinforced composites. PEEK/PTFE-Au composites containing Au-TiO2 @jojoba microcapsules exhibited outstanding tribological and mechanical properties. Compared to microcapsule-free samples, PEEK/PTFE-Au composites showed a 30.26 % reduction in friction coefficient at 250 °C and a 24.28 % increase in tensile strength. In addition, mechanistic studies indicated that TiO2 underwent a friction chemical reaction converting to TiNF during friction accompanying by friction-induced phase transitions. The release of jojoba oil during friction and the occurrence of friction chemical reactions were the main friction reduction mechanisms of PEEK/PTFE-Au composites at high temperatures.

Jojoba Oil Hastens Dexamethasone Induced Delayed Wound Healing: A Preclinical Study

<b>Jojoba Oil Hastens Dexamethasone Induced Delayed Wound Healing: A Preclinical Study</b>

Effect of Drying Conditions and Jojoba Oil Incorporation on the Selected Physical Properties of Hydrogel Whey Protein-Based Edible Films.

Edible hydrogel coatings or films in comparison to conventional food packaging materials are characterized as thin layers obtained from biopolymers that can be applied or enveloped onto the surface of food products. The use of lipid-containing hydrogel packaging materials, primarily as edible protective coatings for food applications, is recognized for their excellent barrier capacity against water vapor during storage. With the high brittleness of waxes and the oxidation of different fats or oils, highly stable agents are desirable. Jojoba oil obtained from the jojoba shrub is an ester of long-chain fatty acids and monovalent, long-chain alcohols, which contains natural oxidants α, β, and δ tocopherols; therefore, it is resistant to oxidation and shows high thermal stability. The production of hydrogel films and coatings involves solvent evaporation, which may occur in ambient or controlled drying conditions. The study aimed to determine the effect of drying conditions (temperature from 20 to 70 °C and relative humidity from 30 to 70%) and jojoba oil addition at the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% on the selected physical properties of hydrogel edible films based on whey protein isolate. Homogenization resulted in stable, film-forming emulsions with bimodal lipid droplet distribution and a particle size close to 3 and 45 µm. When higher drying temperatures were used, the drying time was much shorter (minimum 2 h for temperature of 70 °C and relative humidity of 30%) and a more compact structure, lower water content (12.00-13.68%), and better mechanical resistance (3.48-3.93 MPa) of hydrogel whey protein films were observed. The optimal conditions for drying hydrogel whey protein films are a temperature of 50 °C and an air humidity of 30% over 3 h. Increasing the content of jojoba oil caused noticeable color changes (total color difference increased from 2.00 to 2.43 at 20 °C and from 2.58 to 3.04 at 70 °C), improved mechanical elasticity (the highest at 60 °C from 48.4 to 101.1%), and reduced water vapor permeability (the highest at 70 °C from 9.00·10-10 to 6.35·10-10 g/m·s·Pa) of the analyzed films. The observations of scanning electron micrographs showed the heterogeneity of the film surface and irregular distribution of lipid droplets in the film matrix.

Revealing the diversity of Jojoba-associated fungi using amplicon metagenome approach and assessing the in vitro biocontrol activity of its cultivable community.

Jojoba shrubs are wild plants cultivated in arid and semiarid lands and characterized by tolerance to drought, salinity, and high temperatures. Fungi associated with such plants may be attributed to the tolerance of host plants against biotic stress in addition to the promotion of plant growth. Previous studies showed the importance of jojoba as jojoba oil in the agricultural field; however, no prior study discussed the role of jojoba-associated fungi (JAF) in reflecting plant health and the possibility of using JAF in biocontrol. Here, the culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches were performed to study the diversity of the jojoba-associated fungi. Then, the cultivable fungi were evaluated for in-vitro antagonistic activity and in vitro plant growth promotion assays. The metagenome analysis revealed the existence of four fungal phyla: Ascomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota. The phylum Ascomycota was the most common and had the highest relative abundance in soil, root, branch, and fruit samples (59.7%, 50.7%, 49.8%, and 52.4%, respectively). Alternaria was the most abundant genus in aboveground tissues: branch (43.7%) and fruit (32.1%), while the genus Discosia had the highest abundance in the underground samples: soil (24%) and root (30.7%). For the culture-dependent method, a total of 14 fungi were isolated, identified, and screened for their chitinolytic and antagonist activity against three phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani) as well as their in vitro plant growth promotion (PGP) activity. Based on ITS sequence analysis, the selected potent isolates were identified as AspergillusstellatusEJ-JFF3, Aspergillusflavus EJ-JFF4, Stilbocreasp. EJ-JLF1, Fusariumsolani EJ-JRF3, and AmesiaatrobrunneaEJ-JSF4. The endophyte strain A. flavus EJ-JFF4 exhibited the highest chitinolytic activity (9 Enzyme Index) and antagonistic potential against Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, and Rhizoctonia solani phytopathogens with inhibitory percentages of 72, 70, and 80 respectively. Also, A. flavus EJ-JFF4 had significant multiple PGP properties, including siderophore production (69.3%), phosphate solubilization (95.4 µg ml-1). The greatest production of Indol-3-Acetic Acid was belonged to A.atrobrunnea EJ-JSF4 (114.5 µg ml-1). The analysis of FUNGuild revealed the abundance of symbiotrophs over other trophic modes, and the guild of endophytes was commonly assigned in all samples. For the first time, this study uncovered fungal diversity associated with jojoba plants using a culture-independent approach and in-vitro assessed the roles of cultivable fungal strains in promoting plant growth and biocontrol. The present study indicated the significance of jojoba shrubs as a potential source of diverse fungi with high biocontrol and PGP activities.

Bioactivities of Jojoba Oil Beyond Skincare.

Jojoba oil, which is extracted from jojoba plant seeds that are native to North America, possesses a unique molecular structure and is distinct from other oils. Unlike typical oils, which mostly contain triglycerides, jojoba oil is composed of long monounsaturated esters, affording it exceptional properties and is valuable across cosmetics, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. While jojoba oil is prevalent in beauty and skincare today, its seeds and oil have ancient roots in folk medicine, used for treating skin and scalp issues, wounds, sore throats, obesity, and even cancer, while enhancing immunity and fostering hair growth. Modern research underscores jojoba oil's pharmacological versatility, demonstrating antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-acne, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antibacterial properties. Notably, there has been a surge in its utilization in pharmaceuticals, particularly in topical, transdermal, and parenteral formulations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of jojoba oil, encompassing its chemical composition, extraction techniques, health advantages, and pharmaceutical application developments.

Hepatoprotective effect of jojoba oil against lead-induced toxicity in rats

Background Previous investigations showed that jojoba oil exhibited a protective effect against hepatotoxicity caused by different toxicants, however, to the best of our knowledge, no prior research has been done to determine the effectiveness of jojoba oil in protecting against lead toxicity. Objective This study assessed the hepatoprotective properties of jojoba oil against lead toxicity in rats. Materials and methods The study included four groups, each consisting of six Sprague Dawley male rats, and orally administered jojoba oil (JO group), lead acetate (LA group), and lead acetate plus jojoba oil (protective group) Results and conclusion The results showed that lead acetate-induced hepatotoxic effects were revealed by increased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities with hepatic histomorphological changes. There was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, while levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly declined compared to normal rats. Additionally, lead acetate triggered oxidative damage of hepatocytes, evidenced by a significant increase of malondialdehyde levels and a decrease of reduced glutathione levels and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase. Administration of lead was associated with a change in the distribution of cells over different cell cycle phases, characterized by a marked increase in the sub G1 cell population and a significant decrease in the G0/G1 cell population. Supplementation of jojoba oil with lead acetate relieved the toxic impacts of lead acetate with an enhancement of the liver enzyme activities, antioxidant status, lipid profile parameters, and histopathological alterations. In conclusion, jojoba oil might be an effective natural product that offers a promising preventive action towards lead-induced liver damage in rats.

Enhancing the Antiproliferative Activity of Perillyl Alcohol against Glioblastoma Cell Lines through Synergistic Formulation with Natural Oils.

Due to its volatility, photostability, and gastrointestinal toxicity, Perillyl Alcohol (POH), a monoterpenoid component of various plant species, is a chemotherapeutic drug with insufficient efficacy. Many naturally occurring bioactive compounds have well-known antiproliferative properties, including sefsol, jojoba, tea tree, and moringa oils. This study sought to develop an oil-based Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) using tween 80 as the surfactant and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) or Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 400 as the cosurfactant; the oils were used in a range of 10-20% to boost POH's anticancer efficacy. The formulations' size, charge, and impact on the viability of glioma cell lines, ANGM-CSS and A172, were evaluated. The developed SNEDDS formulations ranged from 3 nm to 362 nm in size, with electronegative surface charges between 5.05 and 17.0 mV and polydispersity indices between 0.3 and 1.0. The findings indicated that the antiproliferative effect of POH-loaded Nanoemulsion (NE) could be used as a possible anticancer therapy for glioblastoma in vitro, particularly when paired with the tested natural oils. Before asserting that this delivery technique is appropriate for glioblastoma therapy, additional in vitro and in vivo investigations are required.

Design and Evaluation of Hair Growth - Hair Fall Oil Formulation from Botanicals

Hair loss in adult men albeit common, can cause emotional distress. Many people with hair fall issues try chemical-based treatments that may lead to health complications and allergic reactions. Cosmetics using natural ingredients derived from plants have fewer side effects compared to synthetic alternatives. The study aimed to formulate herbal hair oil using various ingredients like castor oil, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, pumpkin oil, etc. and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth and prevention of hair fall (HG-HF). Besides, the oil was supposed to provide a range of benefits for hair health, including preventing dandruff, improving scalp health, providing antioxidant properties, and thereby protecting against oxidative damage. The DPPH radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the oils. Varying IC50 values were found such as olive oil and sunflower oil showed IC50 values of 3.79 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml respectively. Hence, these oils have significant antioxidant activity with a strong ability to scavenge or neutralize free radicals. A study was conducted on sixteen volunteers with hair loss, dandruff, and other hair problems to check the performance of the oil. 56.25% of the participants experienced increased hair growth and 50% reported a decrease in hair fall after using the oil for 3 months, with no remarkable side effects. Data demonstrated effectiveness and overall acceptable perception of the HG-HF oil by the participants. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 9-18, 2024 (January)

Yield optimization of nonedible vegetable oil-based bio-lubricant using design of experiments

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a focused effort to reduce the harmful effects of synthetic and mineral-based lubricants by emphasizing the use of biodegradable-based lubricants. These lubricants play a crucial role in minimizing friction, ensuring smooth operation of machines, and reducing the likelihood of frequent failures. With petroleum-based reserves depleting worldwide, prices are rising, and environmental damage is increasing. However, biolubricants derived from nonedible vegetable oils offer environmental benefits as they are nontoxic, emit minimal greenhouse gases, and are biodegradable. In this study, biolubricants are synthesized from jatropha and jojoba oil using sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as catalysts through the transesterification and epoxidation processes. The optimization of influencing parameters is achieved using Taguchi’s orthogonal array, a statistical methodology. By employing design of experiments (DOE), the number of experimental trials is minimized while providing comprehensive details on the impact of control factors such as molar ratio, catalyst concentrations, and temperature. The results obtained from DOE reveal that the best optimized yield for jatropha biolubricant with H2SO4 and HCl catalysts is achieved with a molar ratio of 0.5:1.5, a temperature of 70 °C, and a catalyst concentration of 1.2 ml. The experimental yield for jatropha biolubricant with H2SO4 and HCl catalysts was measured at 226 ml and 238 ml, respectively, while the model predicted yield was 221 ml and 231 ml, respectively. The experimental yield for jojoba biolubricant with H2SO4 and HCl catalysts was recorded at 232 ml and 248 ml respectively, whereas the model predicted yield was 226 ml and 245 ml, respectively. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, it is evident that among the three control factors, the molar ratio significantly influences the yield of both jatropha and jojoba biolubricants, as indicated by a p-value of less than 5%. The percentage contribution of the molar ratio in jatropha biolubricant with H2SO4 and HCl catalysts is found to be 98.99% and 97.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the R2 value, which exceeds 90%, signifies a strong relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The deviation between the experimental and regression-predicted equations for the yield remains within 2.5% for all combinations of jatropha and jojoba biolubricants. In conclusion, the study successfully prepared biolubricants from jatropha and jojoba-based non-edible vegetable oils and determined the optimal conditions for their production. Graphical abstract