Joint Territorial Communities Research Articles

The current state of the energy market and monitoring of key issues in the innovation management system

This paper considers the factors influencing the innovative development of energy service enterprises. The study aims to establish the relationship between the regulatory policy in the field of energy, the willingness of the population to use energy efficiency measures and the innovative potential of energy service companies. The generalization of scientific work on energy and environmental security has shown the relevance of developing mechanisms to reform the energy service market, taking into account the level of innovative development and management at the level of the energy service company. Accordingly, five energy companies from the western region of Ukraine (OJSC Ternopiloblenergo, PJSC Lvivoblenergo, JSC Chernivtsioblenergo, PJSC Rivneoblenergo, PJSC Volynoblenergo) were selected as objects for the study. Methodological research tools were the methods of focus group, personal interview, variations, statistical observation, induction, deduction, and generalization. The study presents external and internal factors influencing the innovative development of energy service enterprises. It is noted that the level of innovative development of personnel in the energy sector is low. The importance of strengthening cooperation of energy service enterprises with united territorial communities to implement the approved legal norms of energy market reform in Ukraine is taken into account. Among the measures to strengthen the motivation of the population to use energy-saving technologies, the intensification of media and information activities was noted. The results of the study can be useful for managers of energy service companies, heads of joint territorial communities and joint co-owners of apartment buildings, researchers working on energy efficiency projects.

REFORMATTING UKRAINIAN BUDGET SYSTEM WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF POWER DECENTRALIZATION


 
 
 The article provides a renovated structure of the state budget system, including location and role of the budgets of joint territorial communities. Besides, current research analyzes the impact of Tax and Budget transformations on the financial framework development of the bodies of local self-authorities, implemented in the beginning of 2015. Special attention has been paid by the authors of the article to the budget balance. Major powers and functions of the bodies of local authority have been studied, according to the European Charter of Local Authority.
 
 

ORDER OF FORMATION AND USE OF LOCAL BUDGETS OF UTC IN VINNYTSIA REGION

The article analyzes the implementation of the local budgets of the UTC of the Vinnytsia region. The achievements of the local self-government reform in terms of the effectiveness of management of the budget resources of the united territorial communities were determined. An analysis of the financial capacity of the budgets of the joint territorial communities of the region. The problematic aspects of the financial provision of the execution of functions by the local authorities are singled out. The ways of improving the territorial organization of power on the principles of decentralization and construction of financially self-sufficient territorial communities are proposed. Currently, financial autonomy of local budgets of UTC is provided by the relevant legal norms of the Budget Code of Ukraine. The implementation of individual steps of fiscal decentralization also expanded the financial autonomy of local budgets through: the establishment of uniform norms of deductions from national taxes; the difference between the indicative planning system of the local budgets of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine; formation of a single basket of general fund revenues and expansion of the source of its filling; formation and putting into operation of the system of equalization of the tax capacity of the territory, etc.

LESSONS FROM FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE

In order to build an effective model of management of budget funds, it is important to ensure the constant and systematic disclosure of information on the accumulation of financial resources of the state and local budgets and the directions for their use. The first results of the process of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine are considered, which is accompanied by changes in the budget and tax legislation. Specifics of the formation of tax revenues of budgets of joint territorial communities are outlined. The state of disclosure of budget documents by the amalgamated territorial communities is highlighted and the need for coordination of the authorities in this area is indicated. Understanding citizens› spending processes in the public sector can significantly increase confidence in state institutions, provide conditions for the implementation of necessary reforms in all-important areas of the country. In the context of the fiscal decentralization reform launched in 2015, the issue of transparency of financial information at the local level in Ukraine is raised, as significant amounts of financial resources are transferred to local budgets. Strengthening the focus on local government action on effective management of budget funds should be a priority for public organizations and political parties. The implementation of the state policy aimed at increasing transparency and openness in the management of financial resources in the public sector will ensure the tangible results in the social and economic spheres that will be obtained by the citizens of the communities.

Arrangement of budgets management of united territorial communities

The problem of formation of budgets of joint territorial communities, budget funds management, development of proposals for improvement of the mechanism of management of funds of united territorial communities in order to increase the efficiency of using budget funds are considered. The subject of the study is the budgets of the united territorial communities. The purpose of the article is to study the process of forming budgets of the joint territorial communities and to determine the directions of improvement of the mechanism of management of the funds of the united territorial communities. In the article was used the method of comparison, economic-statistical, analytical and logical methods, the method of analysis and synthesis. Research results. The general condition of the development of the respective territories depends primarily on what budget resources will be at the disposal of the united territorial communities and through which financial leverage it will be implemented. The formation of a plan for the creation and use of financial resources necessary for the provision of functions and powers of local self-government, creation of comfortable living conditions for citizens, provision of high-quality and affordable public services is one of the most important issues, which, to a large extent, depends on the success of the functioning of the united territorial communities. Conclusions. The main goal of the next research should be to develop and implement measures to improve the efficiency of budget management, create favorable conditions for the socio-economic development of territories, improve the quality and standard of living of the population.

Оцінка способів та інструментів у підвищенні конкурентоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад Львівської області

Оцінка способів та інструментів у підвищенні конкурентоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад Львівської області

Formation and realization of youth leader potential of the joint territorial communities of Ukraine

Object of research is the system of formation and realization of leader potential of youth of joint territorial communities of Ukraine. Methods which were used in the course of the research. In the course of the research the complex of general scientific methods and receptions was used, namely: comparative analysis and synthesis, abstraction, a method of induction and deduction, idealization, generalization, analogy, modeling and also special - expert poll, group, forecasting. Results of a research. Results of a research of the mechanism of activization of leader potential of youth which would involve all interested parties (public authorities, local self-government, business, the public, higher education institutions) for the sake of wellbeing and prosperity of the joint territorial communities (JTC) are presented in article. Conditions and problems of formation and realization of leader potential of youth of territorial communities of Ukraine and EU countries are investigated; it is studied scientific bases of domestic and foreign experiment on a role and places of youth in development of territorial communities; it is theoretically proved the system of formation and realization of leader potential of JTC; factors of formation and effective realization of leader potential of youth of JTC in various spheres are defined. Range of application of results: territorial communities of Ukraine which will use the recommendations about formation of leader potential of youth developed on the basis of a certain psychological portrait of the leader necessary for the Ukrainian society in the conditions of reforming. Conclusions. In the conditions of difficult political, social and economic conditions of development of Ukraine, considerably became complicated in recent years, all weaknesses of life in Ukraine amplified. Especially sharply there was a dilemma of future our state, basic change of the existing system of the public relations as pledge of an exit from a crisis situation and full development of the state. Among all pressing problems began to arise a question on what basis to build the future of Ukraine who has to be main «base» of construction of qualitatively new state. In this context, according to us, the main emphasis at the national level has to be concentrated on development of the system of formation and realization of leader potential of youth of the joint territorial communities (JTC) of Ukraine.

Формування землекористування об’єднаних територіальних громад на другому етапі децентралізації влади

The purpose. To investigate dynamics of formation of joint territorial communities, features of delimitation and transfer of lands to them in communal property and to outline the ways of legislative, organizational and land organizational maintenance of regulation of land relations at the second stage of decentralization of authority. Methods. General scientific and special: generalization, abstract-logic, analysis, comparative. Results. It is determined that absence of changes in the Constitution of Ukraine, non-complex measures on decentralization of authority, untimely solution of problems of overcoming discharge of institutions of local government from management of land resources within the limits of jurisdiction of local councils restrained the process of reforming local self-management. Conclusions. Completion of process of decentralization of authority, except for modification of the Constitution of Ukraine, causes adoption of acts for transfer to the communal property of lands outside human settlements, modification in the Land code, laws on land organization and on the state land cadastre. The power of joint territorial communities should include the following: implementation of state land policy, maintain cadastre, organization of land-use, control of land-use, and protection of lands. In view of the carried out in 2014–2018 work on reforming local self-management, Cabinet of Ukraine on January, 23rd, 2019 has approved the plan of measures of the second stage of decentralization. Its implementation demands conforming scientific maintenance, perfection of legislative baseline, accomplishment of significant volume land works. Offers on changes in the legislation are brought in to Parliament of Ukraine.

ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL DISABILITIES IN THE INCOME OF BUDGETS OF THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Introduction. In today's conditions of reforming local self-government and territorial organization of power, the formation of revenues of budgets of united territorial communities, as well as balancing their components, is a guarantee of the existence of financially capable, self-sufficient and developed UTC. Financially capable UTC should have sufficient resources to fulfill all their own and delegated powers. An important prerequisite for the effective functioning of UTC finances is the formation of the amount of financial resources necessary for the implementation of the functions of local self-government bodies of UTC, the timeliness and completeness of which mobilization is a determinant factor in the growth of budget revenues of territorial communities and the balancing of their structure. In the context of financial decentralization, local budget revenues are embodied in the economic independence of local self-government bodies, and their optimal structure enables them to fulfill their commitments effectively and on time. Purpose. The purpose of the article is an analysis of budget revenues of the united territorial communities, assessment of their structure, determination of factors of structural imbalances, assessment of budgetary risks in order to ensure the timeliness and completeness of the mobilization of revenues to the budgets of the joint territorial communities against the background of permanent crisis phenomena that significantly affect the economic and social development of administrative-territorial units and the state as a whole. Results. The analysis revealed a significant gap between the maximum possible and the minimum revenues to the general fund, which indicates that there is a significant disproportionate distribution of the absolute values of revenues to the general fund of the UTC budgets of the Ternopil region. It also points to the impact of structural imbalances in absolute terms on the general fund revenues of the UTC budgets of the Ternopil region. Using the regression modeling tool, the functional effect of certain types of income on the general fund revenues of the UTC of the Ternopil region was established. It has been established that general fund revenues of UTC budgets on the level of pair correlation are generally the most dependent on official transfers, domestic taxes on goods and services, local taxes, personal income tax and profit tax. Consequently, these types of revenues are structurally and systematically generating revenues of the general budget of the UTC of the Ternopil region. It is determined that the volume of revenues of the special fund of the budgets of the UTC has a fixed functional relationship only with the volume of official transfers. All other components of the revenues of the special budget of UTC budgets do not have stable relations with the revenues of this fund of community budgets, indicating a critical imbalance in its structure and increased risk. The risk of loss for the budget of UTCs is determined on the basis of the mathematical expectation of revenues to their budgets for general and special funds. In this case, the definition of the mathematical expectation of the value of the indicator by the approach of P. Chebyshev was used. Іt was established that the risk of budget revenues of UTC of the Ternopil region is determined by the budgetary risk of revenues of the general fund of community budgets. Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis, in the revenues of the general fund of UTC budgets, more system-based factors were revealed than in the special fund's revenues. In addition, the functional dependence of the components of the general and special funds of the UTC of the Ternopil region is different in nature. This allows us to assert that the system-forming factors and factors that form functional connections form the risk of budget revenues of the UTC of the Ternopil region. Consequently, we can state that the role of general fund revenues in the budget structure of UTC of the Ternopil region is in contrast to the revenues of a special fund that does not fulfill its designated purpose in the process of financial decentralization.

Improving the methods of budget funds management in decentralization conditions

Improving the methods of budget funds management in decentralization conditions

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

The systemic crisis in the sphere of socio-economic development of territories is a consequence of the lack of a modern management mechanism for the development of territorial communities, which is based on the corresponding development programs.Despite the depth of studying of these scientific studies, the financial aspects of developing programs for the innovative development of territories in the conditions of financial independence of local government bodies require detailed consideration.Focused attention of researchers on the problems of management of territorial development. Attracted attention to the necessity of creating a mechanism for funding work on the development of relevant programs. It is determined that without such mechanism it is impossible to create and effectively implement territorial development programs at all levels of the administrative-territorial system of the country. All elements of the process of territorial development programming that are in need of financing are considered and which should be considered such a separate cost items of the corresponding estimate. On the basis of foreign experience (first of all the USA), it is proposed to create a nation-wide network of state information and consulting (advisory) services that would be the implementers and coordinators of work on the development of territorial development programs. It is determined that the financing of the development of territorial development programs should be carried out precisely through such services, which will ensure the efficiency and transparency of this process in conditions of financial decentralization and creation of united territorial communities in Ukraine. The proposed basic model of the process of programming the innovative development of joint territorial communities will ensure the effectiveness and transparency of this process in the context of financial decentralization.

DECENTRALIZATION: THE MAIN THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONCEPT

The article defines and analyses the theoretical aspects of decentralization as a component of a democratic model of governance; summaries ge neral approaches to decentralization of power as an important component of democratic reforms in Ukraine; analyses the legislative basis for reform conduction; pointes to the problems of decentralization in Ukraine and proposes solutions for the improvement of democratic reforms; it is determined that the introduction of decentralization processes will contribute to the further development of democracy in the state and the stabilization of the social and economic situation. It is noted that decentralization is to provide local authorities with the maximum amount of authority and budget revenues that will become a solid foundation for the stable development of the joint territorial communities, will increase the responsibility of local self-government bodies for fulfilling their commitments on community development and ensure compliance with legislative documents. It is grounded that the process of decentralization of government bodies is a push which is possible with certain quantitative changes in society, the result of the transformation of state power, division of powers, democratization of society, provision of the population of new political rights and freedoms. It has been proved that today a considerable number of preconditions have emerged in the socio-economic, political, and cultural spheres of life of Ukrainian society, which can become the basis for decentralization of government. It has been determined that for the further development the necessary condition is the mutual co-ordination of various legislative and normative documents concerning issues of territorial communities expansion, independence and responsibility in solving problems of life support and development of territories of cities, settlements and other settlements taking into account local specifics due to effective decentralization process on the part of bodies executive.

Реалізація бюджетної політики об’єднаних територіальних громад в частині формування доходів місцевих бюджетів

Реалізація бюджетної політики об’єднаних територіальних громад в частині формування доходів місцевих бюджетів

Use of the theory of central places for the improvement of the administrative-territorial device of the Kharkiv region

The article applies the provisions of the theory of the central places of V. Kristaller for constructing a model of the system of settlements of the Kharkiv region with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the existing settlement system. Based on the existing administrative-territorial structure, according to which the focus of different levels of hierarchy are the cities of regional and regional importance. In addition, the hierarchy coefficients are determined for the location of the districts of the Kharkiv region. It was found out that the most convenient geographical location is occupied by Kharkiv, Balaklia, Zmiyiv, Pervomaisky and Chuguevsky districts, the less convenient is the Dvorichansky district. It is determined that the main administrative center and the largest city of the region is Kharkiv. Among other large cities are Lozova, Kupyansk, Krasnograd, Vovchansk, Barvinkovo, Bogodukhiv. These cities form a hexagon around Kharkiv. To choose the optimal variant of the regionalization of the Kharkiv region, the calculation of the index of the measure of dissimilarity was used. The optimal result of the division of the Kharkiv region includes 10 districts with centers in the cities of Kharkiv, Balaklia, Barvinkovo, Bogodukhiv, Vovchansk, Izyum, Krasnograd, Kupyansk, Lozova, Pervomaisky. After the application of the Kristaller grid, the calculation of the index of the measure of dissimilarity for the Kharkiv region showed a value close to the average, which indicates the optimality of the model. The proposed model of a system of settlements can be used to improve the administrative and territorial structure of the Kharkiv region. The linkage of the proposed model with the decentralization reform implemented in Ukraine and, in particular, in the Kharkiv region, showed that the location of the network of joint territorial communities is very uneven in the allocated areas.

Financial Support for the Development of Joint Territorial Communities

Financial Support for the Development of Joint Territorial Communities

Community analysis as socio-economic system: space-territorial nature, functions and features

The object of research is society as a socio-economic system, its spatial-territorial nature, functions and characteristics. One of the most problematic places is that often there is inconsistency and lagging of the line ministries from the existing rates of decentralization and their response to specific uncertainties. In addition, the problem is personnel shortage in the newly unified territorial communities, there are not enough skilled workers to successfully advance the communities in development. In the course of the study, methods were used: logical generalization, analogies, comparative comparison, analysis and synthesis. In particular, these methods have made it possible to identify through which some deficiencies can be eliminated through the legislative regulation of the formation of new communities. A comprehensive analysis of the spatial-territorial nature and functions of the joint territorial communities is obtained. Recommendations are proposed for improving the legislative regulation of the association of territorial communities. In particular, let’s believe that it would be appropriate and justified to border communities of different regions with similar socio-economic factors to unite in one community. Let’s suggest that in the new Law On the administrative and territorial structure of Ukraine there be an article on the possibility of joining territorial units to existing communities, which inhabitants historically, territorially and culturally benefit from the benefits of the corresponding center of the community, but de jure is part of another area. In comparison with similar well-known studies in the field of administrative-territorial reform and local self-government, this study provides an opportunity to comprehensively analyze society as a socio-economic system. In particular, due to the improvement of legislative regulation, it is possible to achieve a positive social and economic effect in the process of creating new unified territorial communities

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ СПРОМОЖНОСТІ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД В УКРАЇНІ

In the process of decentralization reform, the issue of ensuring sustainable development at the local territorial level is very relevant and important from the point of view of stabilizing the social and economic situation in the regions of the country. Fiscal and budgetary decentralization has become the basis for a significant increase in the financial resources of the budgets of the joint territorial communities (OTH), but along with additional financial resources, local governments have gained great powers in maintaining budgetary institutions and providing social services to the population of their community. Therefore, here, it is worthwhile to focus attention on those key problems that arose as a result of these transformational changes in local self-government and the formation of OTH own and attracted funds. The first among the key problems is the loss of a significant part of tax revenues to the OTH budgets. In particular, the income from personal income tax, land fees, single tax and real estate tax is different from the land plot. The reasons for these losses are: low level of financial control by local governments of economic entities, issues of accounting for legal workers and real trade turnover, understatement of rates of payment for land, and other reasons. The second problem, as noted above, is the low activity of OTH self-management bodies in developing real investment projects in order to attract additional funds from state and non-state funds. The next problem can be unequivocally defined as the limited tools for monitoring the use of budgetary funds, as well as total corruption and bureaucracy at the local level. In order to solve these problems and ensure financial solvency of the budgets of the joint territorial communities at the state and local level, a number of activities are already taking place. To increase the level of efficiency and transparency in the use of OTH funds, in Ukraine, with the support of the Netherlands Embassy (MATRA program), the project "Financial transparency of the united communities" has been launched. This project is aimed at increasing the economic capacity of the united communities, which will permit to more effectively solve issues of local development, increase the competitiveness of territorial communities, fight corruption at the local level, and ensure the welfare of the local population. Within the framework of this project, in 2017, at the regional and district levels, the training of representatives of local self-government bodies are held with the aim to increase the financial capacity of territorial communities, to boost the financial literacy of representatives of territorial communities, in particular in attracting financial resources and their effective use for local development needs. These measures will help to increase the activity of all interested members of the public to influence, control the processes of formation and use of financial resources; citizens will be more actively involved in the processes of local government. As a consequence, all these measures will ensure the creation of conditions for sustainable economic development of the regions of Ukraine and the financial soundness of their budgets.