Joint Intention Research Articles

Two kinds of failure in joint action: On disrespect and directed duties

Abstract I identify two kinds of failure in joint action. First, we can fail to ‘do our part’, that is, fail to contribute to fulfilling the joint intention. Second, we can fail to respect our collaborators. Recognizing the distinct natures of both normative relations helps us overcome a key challenge to a reductionist theory of collective intentionality posed by Margaret Gilbert. According to this objection, we have obligations towards others even in immoral joint actions – a claim that was recently supported experimentally. Except for a handful of experimental papers, work on the normativity in joint intention has stagnated. I hope the distinction breathes fresh air into the theoretical and empirical debate.

What does it mean for a duty to be directed in joint action?

It is often stated that joint actions are linked to so-called directed duties. It is not just that we should “do our part” in a joint action simply because it is the right thing to do or because it is in our best interest. Instead, we “owe” it to the other participants. Despite its prima facie plausibility, this claim is not well understood. Is it true that duties in joint action are directed? Which notion of directedness is relevant to understanding the normativity of joint action? I first argue that we can characterize the notion of directed duties in joint action in terms of a network of inferentially related normative relations and practices. I apply this analysis to show that duties in joint action are directed. This analysis supports the view that the normativity in joint action is special as it involves what Stephen Darwall calls “individual authority” without entailing “representative authority”. A perhaps surprising conclusion derived from this account is that actions in joint action are owed to everyone involved in the group equally. This supports Margaret Gilbert’s joint commitment account of joint intention.

Socially adaptive cognitive architecture for human-robot collaboration in industrial settings.

This paper introduces DAC-HRC, a novel cognitive architecture designed to optimize human-robot collaboration (HRC) in industrial settings, particularly within the context of Industry 4.0. The architecture is grounded in the Distributed Adaptive Control theory and the principles of joint intentionality and interdependence, which are key to effective HRC. Joint intentionality refers to the shared goals and mutual understanding between a human and a robot, while interdependence emphasizes the reliance on each other's capabilities to complete tasks. DAC-HRC is applied to a hybrid recycling plant for the disassembly and recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) devices. The architecture incorporates several cognitive modules operating at different timescales and abstraction levels, fostering adaptive collaboration that is personalized to each human user. The effectiveness of DAC-HRC is demonstrated through several pilot studies, showcasing functionalities such as turn-taking interaction, personalized error-handling mechanisms, adaptive safety measures, and gesture-based communication. These features enhance human-robot collaboration in the recycling plant by promoting real-time robot adaptation to human needs and preferences. The DAC-HRC architecture aims to contribute to the development of a new HRC paradigm by paving the way for more seamless and efficient collaboration in Industry 4.0 by relying on socially adept cognitive architectures.

Inter-brain entrainment (IBE) during interoception. A multimodal EEG-fNIRS coherence-based hyperscanning approach

This work examined the impact of interoceptive manipulation and the presence of a shared goal on inter-brain entrainment (IBE) during a motor synchronization task. A multimodal functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy − Electroencephalogram (fNIRS-EEG) system-based hyperscanning approach was applied to 13 dyads performing the motor synchrony task during an interoceptive (focus on the breath) and control condition. Additionally, two version of the motor task—one with and one without a clearly defined common goal—were presented to participants to emphasize the task’s collaborative purpose. The multimodal approach was exploited to record the electrophysiological (EEG) cortical oscillation and hemodynamic (oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb) levels. Results revealed significant correlations between EEG delta, theta, and alpha band and hemodynamic oxy-Hb in the left compared to right hemisphere for the interoceptive confronted with the control condition. This significant EEG/fNIRS IBE correlation was also found for delta and theta band whereas the task was presented with an explicit shared goal confronted with the no-social version. In addition to separate functional connectivity EEG and fNIRS analysis, this study proposed a novel analysis pipeline including statistical tests for examining the coherence between functional connectivity EEG-fNIRS signals within couples. Besides proposing methodological advancements on EEG-fNIRS signals hyperscanning analysis, this research demonstrated that, in dyads undertaking a motor synchronization task, both the interoceptive attention to respiration and an explicit joint intention activate left anterior regions.

Machine learning algorithms for identifying autism spectrum disorder through eye-tracking in different intention videos

To investigate the differences in visual perception between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children when watching different intention videos, and to explore the feasibility of machine learning algorithms in objectively distinguishing between ASD children and TD children. A total of 58 children with ASD and 50 TD children were enrolled and were asked to watch the videos containing joint intention and non-joint intention, and the gaze duration and frequency in different areas of interest were used as original indicators to construct classifier-based models. The models were evaluated in terms of the indicators such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. When using eight common classifiers, including support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, decision tree, random forest, and K-nearest neighbors (with K values of 1, 3, 5, and 7), based on the original feature indicators, the highest classification accuracy achieved was 81.90%. A feature reconstruction approach with a decision tree classifier was used to further improve the accuracy of classification, and then the model showed the accuracy of 91.43%, the specificity of 89.80%, and the sensitivity of 92.86%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.909 (P<0.001). The machine learning model based on eye-tracking data can accurately distinguish ASD children from TD children, which provides a scientific basis for developing rapid and objective ASD screening tools.

유아용 사회인지 평가 모바일 앱의 개발 및 타당화

This study was to develop and validate a mobile application, the mindreading-ⓢ, that assesses young children’s social cognition abilities. A total of 445 children participated in the study and used the mindreading-ⓢ, while their caregivers filled in the Children’s Social Understanding Scale (CSUS), Social Cognition Checklist (SCC). The mindreading- ⓢ included 48 items and assesses seven sub-factors: joint attention, emotion, pretend, perception, desire, belief, and intention. After calculating the average correct answer rate and standard deviation, and analyzing reliability and item-total correlation, two items were deleted. To determine the likelihood of guessing, the difficulty, and the discrimination per item, IRT analysis was performed and six items identified as inappropriate were modified. Regarding construct validity, the mindreading-ⓢ showed reasonably positive correlations with CSUS and SCC. As a result, the mindreading-ⓢ was verified to be a reliable tool for assessing young children’s social cognition abilities.

Analisis Yuridis Tindak Pidana Pencurian dengan Pemberatan Ditinjau dari Pasal 365 Ayat (1) dan Ayat (2) Ke-2 KUHP : Studi Kasus Putusan No. 751/PID.B/2021/PN JKT.TIM

Theft accompanied by other acts such as violence resulting in death, including provisions stipulated in Chapter XXII Book II of the Criminal Code. Theft which resulted in death is regulated in Article 365 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Code. Overall, theft is a crime. A criminal act is a criminal act, which is punishable by imprisonment and/or a fine. Imprisonment is an unpleasant punishment for the recipient (the person receiving it). People who are imprisoned for some time do not enjoy freedom, can breathe outside the prison. One of the objectives of this research is to socialize to the public the crime of theft that is committed by more than one person is the crime of theft by weighting. The method used in this study is to use the literary method, where researchers obtain from library materials such as: books (literature), magazines, newspapers, laws and regulations, general dictionaries, legal dictionaries and encyclopedias and the research results obtained from this writing, it is the judge's consideration, to impose a sentence of 2 (two) years each, to the defendant because based on the witnesses, the evidence available to the defendants is proven guilty. for 2 (two) years in prison because defendants 1, 2, 3 and 4 were proven to have joint intentions.

Przegląd orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego

Overview of the decisions of the Polish Supreme Court The Judgment of the Polish Supreme Court of April 13, 2023 (case file no. III CZP 125/22) is of particular importance for legal practice. The Court indicated that a claim for a legitime does not pass to the heir of the person entitled to the legitime if they do not belong to the group of persons entitled to a legitime after the first testator (Article 1002 of the Civil Code). In the Judgment of March 15, 2023 (case file no. II CSKP 1835/22), the Polish Supreme Court stated that the joint intention of the parties should be understood as the agreed factual and legal elements shaping the essential provisions of the contract. The contractual objective is the broadest socio-economic objective of the individualized agreement. Moreover, in the Resolution of February 22, 2023 (case file no. III KK 13/22), the Polish Supreme Court decided that an electric scooter equipped with an engine with parameters similar to the power of an electrically assisted bicycle engine, which retains all the normal characteristics of construction, enabling its normal operation as a scooter, i.e. moving by pushing off with the leg, is not a motor vehicle within the meaning of the provisions of the Polish Penal Code.

Psycholinguistic and cognitive-semiotic dimensions of constructing fear in horror films: A multimodal perspective

This article addresses an integrative psycholinguistic and cognitive-semiotic perspective on constructing fear in English horror films. At the heart of constructing fear in horror film is the filmmakers’ presumption that viewers can potentially share their joint intention with the filmmakers, can share joint attention, and, as a result, share joint emotion. Drawing on the theory of intersubjectivity, fear in horror films emerges as the result of joint attention between filmmakers and viewers. Fear is viewed as a multimodal construct resulting from the synergistic integration of verbal, nonverbal, and cinematic semiotic resources via audial and visual modes. Each semiotic resource contributes to meaning-making by employing elements specific to horror films. The verbal system contains interjections, descriptive words, emotion-laden words, pleas for help, and violation of the sentence structure. The nonverbal elements include a contorted face, screaming, chaotic gestures, shaking, or stupor. The cinematic resource possesses the meaning-making potential to highlight various aspects of filmic fear through close-ups and middle close-ups, camera angles, dim light, and non-linear disturbing music. The meanings constructed by semiotic elements interact through cross-mapping, contributing to the formation of multimodal blends, which emerge in conceptual integration. Multimodal blends of fear in horror films include two-/three-component, non-parity, and consecutive patterns. From the viewers’ perspective, fear in horror films is perceived as a whole entity with a different level of intensity: from anxiety to horror. The experiment results show that the main indicators of fear for both males and females are pleas for help, voice and facial expressions, and music and close-up. However, while watching horror films, males feel interested more, while females experience negative emotions of fear, disgust, and tension.

Joint intention understanding in children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study examined the ability of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to generate joint intention-based action prediction in a joint action task. Children were presented with a series of videos in which two actors either played with blocks based on joint intention (social condition) or played with blocks independently (nonsocial condition). In the familiarization stage, two actors demonstrated how they played with blocks three times. In the test stage, one actor left the scene, and another actor grasped a block and asked where she should place it. Children's gaze behavior was assessed by an eye tracker. After watching videos, children were asked to answer two questions: an action prediction question and an intention understanding question. The results showed that in the implicit eye movement task, children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children exhibited location-based anticipatory gaze under both conditions. However, in terms of explicit behavioral responses, TD children showed higher accuracy in response to action prediction questions and intention understanding questions than children with ASD in the social condition, while no significant group difference was found in the nonsocial condition. These results indicate that children with ASD have difficulty understanding joint intention and that their action prediction is primarily driven by bottom-up sensory inputs.

Robot teaching system based on hand-robot contact state detection and motion intention recognition

This paper presents a robot teaching system based on hand-robot contact state detection and human motion intent recognition. The system can detect the contact state of the hand-robot joint and extracts motion intention information from the human surface electromyography (sEMG) signals to control the robot's motion. First, a hand-robot contact state detection method is proposed based on the fusion of the virtual robot environment with the physical environment. With the use of a target detection algorithm, the position of the human hand in the color image of the physical environment can be identified and its pixel coordinates can be calculated. Meanwhile, the synthetic images of the virtual robot environment are combined with those of the physical robot scene to determine whether the human hand is in contact with the robot. Besides, a human motion intention recognition model based on deep learning is designed to recognize human motion intention with the input of sEMG signals. Moreover, a robot motion mode selection module is built to control the robot for single-axis motion, linear motion, or repositioning motion by combining the hand-robot contact state and human motion intention. The experimental results indicate that the proposed system can perform online robot teaching for the three motion modes.

The Meme’s-Eye View of Strategic Communication: A Case Study of Social Movements from a Memetic Perspective

ABSTRACT The article argues that a memetic approach, or meme’s-eye view, could help bring together the strategic management view and the CCO-school. ‘Memes’ are understood as a second-order concept, i.e., as a reference to ‘memory traces’ in people’s minds and anchor-point of joint or collective intentionality. This view, it is argued, permits the conceptualization of communication as a resource. To illustrate, two cases are analyzed: 1) the Montagsdemos in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) with its core meme Wir sind das Volk (We are the people); 2) the so-called ‘Satanic Panic’ and the QAnon movement with its ‘Save the Children'-meme’. The analysis illustrates how memes endure and resurface in new and different environments. In conclusion, the article proposes that the shift to memetic population dynamics allows strategic communication-researchers to reformulate often unanswerable questions (“What does the strategic actor want?”) into more operationalizable ones (“What memes are launched? How are they constructed?”).

Pet dogs (Canis familiaris) re-engage humans after joint activity

Joint intentionality, the mutual understanding of shared goals or actions to partake in a common task, is considered an essential building block of theory of mind in humans. Domesticated dogs are unusually adept at comprehending human social cues and cooperating with humans, making it possible that they possess behavioral signatures of joint intentionality in interactions with humans. Horschler and colleagues (Anim Behav 183: 159–168, 2022) examined joint intentionality in a service dog population, finding that upon interruption of a joint experience, dogs preferentially re-engaged their former partner over a passive bystander, a behavior argued to be a signature of joint intentionality in human children. In the current study, we aimed to replicate and extend these results in pet dogs. One familiar person played with the dog and then abruptly stopped. We examined if dogs would preferentially re-engage the player instead of a familiar bystander who was also present. Consistent with the findings of Horschler and colleagues (Anim Behav 183: 159–168, 2022), pet dogs preferentially gazed toward and offered the toy to the player significantly more than the familiar bystander. However, no difference was observed in physical contact. These findings provide preliminary evidence for behavioral signatures of joint intentionality in pet dogs, but future work is needed to understand whether this phenomenon extends to other contexts.

Становление речи и сознания в антропогенезе: эволюционные драйверы и социально-психологические механизмы

&lt;p&gt;The work is aimed at the theoretical reconstruction of the genesis of articulate speech and main abilities of consciousness based on evolutionary regularities and socio-psychological mechanisms. The basic concepts of the conceptual apparatus of reconstruction are presented: &amp;ldquo;abilities&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;attitudes&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;interiorization&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;interactive ritual&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;niches&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;social orders&amp;rdquo;, group and individual &amp;ldquo;concerns&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;communicative concerns&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;supporting structures&amp;rdquo;, including "magic wands" with a special potential for flexibility and multifunctionality. In ontogeny, human attitudes and abilities are formed through the mechanisms of interiorization (according to Leo Vygotsky) and interactive ritual (according to E. Durkheim, E. Goffman, R. Collins). To reconstruct human traits folding in anthropogenesis is to represent a regular stepwise transformation of the most ancient hominids&amp;rsquo; initial ingredients, probably like the apes&amp;rsquo; features. Particular attention is paid to pre-rituals that form the internal and behavioral attitudes of apes, as well as their abilities for sign communication and learning new signs. It is shown what sequence of challenges and responses, new concerns and supporting structures led hominids to the formation of joint intentionality (M. Tomasello), self-domestication (D. K. Belyaev, R. Wrangham), normative rituals, the first group rules and internal normative attitudes (C. Lovejoy, D. Dor et al.). This complex phenomenon of normativity, the corresponding social orders and renewed communicative concerns became the main drivers of articulate speech development and closely associated with it consciousness abilities.&lt;/p&gt;

Collective Responsibility Should be Treated as a Virtue

AbstractWe often praise and blame groups of people like companies or governments, just like we praise and blame individual persons. This makes sense. Because some of the most important problems in our society, like climate change or mass surveillance, are not caused by individual people, but by groups. Philosophers have argued that there exists such a thing as group responsibility, which does not boil down to individual responsibility. This type of responsibility can only exist in groups that are organized with joint knowledge, actions and intentions. However, often disorganized groups without joint knowledge, actions and intentions are precisely the kinds of groups that cause problems. Therefore, in such cases, it becomes difficult, according to traditional accounts of collective responsibility to attribute responsibility to such groups. This has problematic implications. Therefore, I propose a new way of seeing collective responsibility, which is able to attribute the vice of irresponsibility to such disorganized groups. This involves seeing responsibility not as a relationship between the group and some action, but rather, as a virtue. In cases where it is difficult to establish whether a group is responsible for something, we should ask ‘is this group responsible, or irresponsible?’ This line of questioning is likely to be a more productive and philosophically legitimate way of holding groups morally responsible in such cases.

The Body in Religious Media Ecologies: The Case of Subaltern Latino Counterpublics

This paper explores the body-schematic and body-imaginative processes that underlie individuals’ participation in the public sphere via religious media ecologies. Utilising embodied cognition and social critique, the authors outline how subaltern counterpublics make use of the body to enact micro-oppositions to mainstream discourses. The paper also discloses the origins of higher objectivities (identity, sense of togetherness, justice, plausibility, opposition and openness) in embodiment. Discussing counterpublics through the prism of embodied cognition, as found in Latin religious media ecologies, constitutes a valuable alternative to the logocentric understanding of public consent. While the dominant discourse privileges abstract formal cognition, Latino subalterns use bodily, affective and enactive affordances given by religious media ecologies. The latter offer affordances and alternative strategies for enacting social imagination, bridging the personal and the public in physically choreographed joint intentions. Embodied participation suggests a constitutive process of public meaning that makes use of the body as the most fundamental medium of communication.

Философия, деятельность, жизнь

This paper, written to honor Prof. Vladislav Lektorsky on the occasion of his 90th birthday, addresses a subject to which Lektorsky has returned many times in the course of his long and distinguished career: the concept of activity. I begin with the distinction between activity and action, arguing against the view, associated with Leontiev, that actions are components of activities. In my view, the distinction between activity and action is an aspectual rather than ontological or mereological one. I then draw on the analysis of intentional action offered by G.E.M. Anscombe to argue that her understanding of action, intention and practical knowledge, when supplemented by insights from MacIntyre, McDowell and others, provides grounds to endorse three theses central to the activity approach (theses I find in Prof. Lektorsky’s recent summation of the tradition): that (i) consciousness, the inner plane of our mental lives, can be understood only in relation to the forms of our activity as embodied beings; (ii) human agency and behavior cannot be described or explained without essential reference to the social, cultural and historical context; and (iii) selves or persons are constituted in and through their activity. I then consider the objection that my analysis is too focused on the intentional activities of the individual, at the expense of the collective. I reply that the unit of analysis is neither the individual nor the collective, but the human life form. There is plenty of room, as there must be, for countenancing joint, shared and collective intentionality, and for recognizing that individuals and collectives do many things unintentionally. But no sense can be made of any of that without a robust account of intentional action. I believe my findings are congenial to three themes that characterize the legacy of Vladislav Lektorsky: (i) respect for the phenomenology of everyday thought and experience; (ii) humanism; and (iii) the belief that much is to be gained by bringing Russian philosophy into constructive dialogue with fruitful trends in Anglo-American philosophy.

Anthropological Roots of Linguistic Universals

This article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the mechanisms and regularities of origins of languages universals. The universals are treated in the classical interpretation of C. Hockett (1962) include traditional transmission, arbitrariness, productivity/openness; displacement, semanticity, and discreteness of signs; duality of patterning. The universals contrast against the widest variety of features found by linguists in the analysis of languages including those that are very different from the &amp;quot;average European standard&amp;quot;. Seven theses present an emerging paradigm in modern studies of glottogenesis, including features of multistage, integrativity, and sociality. Verbal communication appeared as an adaptation, in the course of anthropogenesis as biological, and then as social and cultural evolution under the action of multilevel selection mechanisms and the construction of new technonatural and social niches. The basic conditions of glottogenesis were self-domestication, the formation of joint intentionality, and the formation of basic social norms. Speech abilities and linguistic structures appeared separately for a very long time (hundreds of thousands of years) with alternating breakthrough and long cumulative periods. The stages of increasing linguistic complexity were proto-words, pidgin sentences, and then sentences with syntax and grammar. The universals were formed along with the origin and development of languages, i.e., in the processes of glottogenesis as the most important part of the cognitive evolution of hominids in the processes of sapientation (from Australopithecus and Homo Habilis to Homo sapiens). The ascent to each new level (glottoaromorphosis) was accomplished in response to new challenges and communicative concerns that naturally appeared in the processes of anthropogenesis. This complex dynamic relationship of niches, orders, challenges, concerns, attempts, fixation mechanisms, and multilevel selection serves as the theoretical basis for the proposed explanations of linguistic universals.

Преодоление «языкового рубикона»: версии, ступени и эволюционные механизмы

The most plausible hypotheses explaining the breakthrough of our distant ancestors to articulate speech and consciousness include: rituals of solidarity (singing, grooming, facial expressions, gestures), the role of "labor", teaching children, changes in gender relations, recruiting (mobilization for collective action), laryngeal transformation, brain growth, mirror neurons, neuronal overlap; dominance of coalitions over loners, self-domestication, the need to coordinate decisions; joint intentionality, development of normativity. The concretization of the principle of "cultural drive" leads to the following concept: new environmental, social and communicative challenges and concerns lead to multiple trials; successful behavior is consolidated in group practices, mental structures of participants, and hereditary inclinations with multilevel selection and change of many generations. Overcoming the "language Rubicon" took place in several steps, or stages, in which the structures that have developed to provide concerns lead to new concerns that require new structures. Such concerns as pacifying social order in the group, signaling general discontent, coordinating actions, etc., the following structures emerged: egalitarian coalitions with collective practices of intimidation, sound signals uttered in unison, training and self-training, self-domestication, shared intentionality, and normative rituals. The most plausible versions supplement this concept. Сhoral singing as a ritual of solidarity promoted the ability to imitate and articulate. Mirror neurons and neural overlaps have played the role of providing mechanisms for imitation and association processes. The connection between "labor" and speech was complex and interdependent, mediated by normativity. Recruiting as signals of mobilization for collective action also made its contribution but only under the already established normative order. Social learning is in fact a special ritual of constant trial and adjustment which has grown out of a normative ritual. The establishment of a new order of sexual relations also played a role: under the prohibition of violence and rape it was necessary to involve partners. Speech replaced grooming, and those who spoke clearly, convincingly and/or sang beautifully received benefits in sexual selection. The totality of all these processes reinforced the concerns of mutual understanding which were provided by the rituals of naming with the following multiplication of protowords and further growth of linguistic complexity.

Dogs re-engage human partners when joint social play is interrupted: a behavioural signature of shared intentionality?

Hypotheses regarding the evolution of uniquely human social cognition often emphasize not only mental state representation, but also mental state sharing. Mental state sharing is evident in instances of joint intentionality – mutual understanding between individuals of each other's simultaneous and interdependent commitment to a shared activity or goal. Comparative studies supporting the human uniqueness of joint intentionality show that, as compared to human children, chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes , who engage with humans as cooperative partners do not altruistically help others achieve their goals across the same range of contexts, do not attempt to re-engage cooperative partners in problem-solving or social games at the same rate and do not show spontaneous role reversal. Although recent work supports the possibility that bonobos, Pan paniscus , may re-engage conspecific partners after interrupted social grooming, the extent to which other animals show similar behaviour across more diverse contexts remains largely unexplored. Domestic dogs', Canis familiaris , propensity to interact with humans in cooperative contexts makes them a potentially promising comparative model of prosocial mental state sharing. Here, we investigated a behavioural signature of joint intentionality during social play between humans and dogs ( N = 82). Our results present the first experimental evidence of re-engagement behaviour in dogs, as dogs preferentially attempted to reinitiate an interrupted social game with their previous partner relative to a passive bystander. These findings suggest that dogs exhibit a key marker of joint intentionality and open the door for future research on the cognitive mechanisms supporting this behaviour. • Scholars have hypothesized that shared intentionality aids human ultrasociality. • We assessed whether dogs also show behavioural signatures of shared intentionality. • Dogs reliably re-engaged human partners after interrupted joint social play. • These findings suggest that dogs may form joint commitments in some contexts. • Dogs present a uniquely powerful comparative model for studying joint activities.