Joint Hypothesis Testing Research Articles

The Influence Of Leadership Style, Work Discipline, And Work Motivation On The Work Morale Of Iia Curup Prison Employees

This research was conducted on IIA Cuirup Rejang Lebong Prison Employees with the problem formulation: What is the Influence of Leadership Style, Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Work Morale among IIA Cuirup Rejang Lebong Prison Employees? and the aim of this research is to find out whether Leadership Style, Work Discipline, and Work Motivation affect employee morale among employees at IIA Cuirup Rejang Lebong Prison. The population in this study are employees at IIA Cuirup Rejang Lebong Prison. totaling 85 respondents. The sampling technique used accidental sampling based on predetermined criteria, totaling 85 respondents. The processed data was analyzed using the SPSS 26 formula. Based on the results of research and analysis of the influence of the Leadership Style (X1) and Work Discipline (X2) variables on Work Morale among Kleas IIA Curup Rejang Lebong Prison Employees. The following conclusion can be drawn: Leadership Style (X1) has a positive effect on Work Morale (Y) of Employees at the Kleas IIA Curup Rejang Lebong Prison. This is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (3,286,> 1,989) Work Discipline (X2) has a positive effect on Work Morale (Y) of Employees at the Kleas IIA Curup Rejang Lebong Prison. This is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (4,612> 1.989) Work Motivation (X2) has a positive effect on Work Morale ( Y) Employees at the Kleas IIA Curup Rejang Lebong Prison. This is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (2,879>1.989).Leadership Style (X1), Work Discipline (X2), and Work Motivation (X3) have an effect on Work Morale (Y) Employee. This can be seen from joint hypothesis testing (Simultaneous) Fcount > Ftable (78.007 > 2.722). This is proven by the correlation analysis R = 0.862 or (84.8%) and is almost close to 1. And the coefficient of determination is R2 = 0.743 or around 71.9% while 28.1% is the contribution of other variables not studied.

PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. AGRI ANDALAS KECAMATAN AIR PERIUKAN KABUPATEN SELUMA

The population used in this research is all employees who work at PT Angri Andalas, Air Periukan District, Seluma Regency. 150 respondents. The sampling technique used total sampling based on predetermined criteria of 150 respondents. Data collection techniques are observation, documentation and questionnaires. The processed data was analyzed using the SPSS 24 formula. Based on the results of research and analysis of the influence of the Compensation, Work Environment and Training variables on Employee Job Satisfaction. The following conclusions can be drawn: Compensation has a positive effect on Employee Job Satisfaction of employees, this is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (6,229 > 1,980) The work environment has a positive effect on Employee Job Satisfaction of employees, this is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (2,240>1,980) Training has a positive effect on Employee Job Satisfaction of employees, this is proven by hypothesis testing with the t-test, obtained tcount > ttable (3,084>1,980) Compensation, Work Environment, and Training (X3) influence employee Job Satisfaction. This can be seen from joint hypothesis testing (Simultaneous) Ftable > Fcount (68,710 > 3,940). This is proven by the correlation analysis R = 0.765 (76.5%) and is almost close to 1. And the coefficient of determination is R2 = 0.585 or around 58.5% while 41.5% is the contribution of other variables not studied. Keyword: Kompensasi, lingkungan dan Kepuasan

Commitment Issues: Does the Fed Have an Inflation Incentive to Commit?

Abstract Long-run results indicate that for price and wage inflation there is little disincentive for discretionary policy when monetary policy is at or near the zero-lower bound. Optimal commitment and discretionary policy are examined in a popular DSGE framework. The monetary authority targets a convex combination of price and wage inflationary gaps around time-varying inflation targets. A joint hypothesis test is derived to determine if the central bank faces an inflationary disincentive for activist policy. Considering price and wage inflation separately, there are significant short-run disincentives to discretionary policy. Discretion and commitment policies are not different for price and wage inflation when nominal interest rates are persistently low.

The Influence of Reward, Punishment, and Work Environment on Work Discipline of Employees of Pt Tunas Dwipa Matra Kepahiang Branch

This study entitled The Effect of Reward, Punishment, and Work Environment on Work Discipline of Employees of PT Tunas Dwipa Matra, Kepahiang Branch. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the effect of reward, punishment, work environment on employee work discipline at PT Tunas Dwipa Matra Kepahiang branch. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effect of reward, punishment, and work environment on the work discipline of employees of PT Tunas Dwipa Matra, Kepahiang branch. By using research test data analysis techniques, the results of the data can be concluded that the respondents' perceptions of Rewards (X1), Punishment (X2), Work Environment (X3) and Discipline (Y) with multiple linear regression results obtained the following equation: Y = 5.148 + 0.206 (X1) + 0.425 (X2) + 0.433 (X3) indicates that there is a positive effect between Reward (X1) Punishment (X2) and Work Environment (X3) on Work Discipline (Y). Variables Reward (X1), Punishment (X2) led to the determination of the effect of Discipline (Y) of R2 = 0.603 or approximately (60.3%) through individual (partial) and joint (simultaneous) hypothesis testing in this study using the t and f test, Reward (X1), Punishment (X2) and Work Environment (X3) = 0.000, meaning that the fsign value < 0.05 indicates that together they have a significant effect.

"Measuring the Environmental Context of Child Growth in Burkina Faso".

Child growth failure, as indicated by low height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), is an important metric of health, social inequality, and food insecurity. Understanding the environmental pathways to this outcome can provide insight into how to prevent it. While other studies have examined the environmental determinants of HAZ, there is no agreed upon best-practices approach to measure the environmental context of this outcome. From this literature, we derive a large set of potential environmental predictors and specifications including temperature and precipitation levels, anomalies, and counts as well as vegetation anomalies and trends, which we include using linear, nonlinear, and interactive specifications. We compare these measures and specifications using four rounds of DHS survey data from Burkina Faso and a large set of fixed effects regression models, focusing on exposures from the time of conception through the second year of life and relying on joint hypothesis tests and goodness-of-fit measures to determine which approach best explains HAZ. Our analysis reveals that nonlinear and interactive transformations of climate anomalies, as opposed to climate levels or vegetation indices, provide the best explanation of child growth failure. These results underline the complex and nonlinear pathways through which climate change affects child health and should motivate climate-health researchers to more broadly adopt measures and specifications that capture these pathways.

Fintech market efficiency: A multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis

The efficiency of the Fintech market is still an unverified issue. We aim to investigate the Fintech market efficiency for four S&P Kensho Fintech indices using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method. All indices except one are found to be inefficient based on the joint hypothesis tests. We also find combinations of autocorrelation and/or extreme values as the main causes of the inefficiencies.

Pengaruh Insentif, Budaya Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Badan Pengelola Pajak dan Retribuasi Daerah

This study aims to determine how much influence additional employee income, work discipline, work environment, together and partially on performance. The research variables are additional employee income (X1), work discipline (X2), work environment (X3), and performance (Y). Methods of collecting data through surveys and distributing questionnaires. The analytical method used is validity and reliability test, multiple regression analysis, to test the hypothesis used t test and F test. From the results of the regression analysis, the equation Y = 9.444 + 0.173X1 + 0.500X2 + 0.196X3, then based on the partial test (t test) obtained: (a) additional employee income has a positive and significant effect on performance. (b) work discipline has a positive and significant effect on performance. (c) the work environment has a positive and significant effect on performance. Then based on the joint hypothesis test (Test F) it can be seen that additional employee income, work discipline, and work environment have a positive and significant effect on performance. And based on the coefficient of determination test (R2), which is 0.644 or 64.4%, this shows that the percentage contribution of the additional variable of employee income, work discipline, and work environment to the performance variable shows the effect and the rest is influenced by other variables.

Joint Hypothesis Testing from Heterogeneous Samples under Cross-dependence

A testing principle is introduced that allows to combine evidence from N potentially correlated samples. It builds on a (weighted) sum of entities from the individual samples, which is fed into a self-normalizing variance ratio type statistic. Due to self-normalization the (autoco)variances within each sample as well as the cross-covariances between the samples melt into one scaling parameter that cancels from the ratios asymptotically. Tests constructed from this principle are hence robust with respect to cross-dependence without having to estimate any nuisance parameters. The weighting and the entities from the individual samples depend on the testing problem at hand. Two cases are discussed in detail. The first one are tests of restrictions on a parameter vector (e. g. testing restrictions on expected values), while the second one focusses on time series: panel integration tests (unit root as well as stationarity tests). The validity of the asymptotic theory in finite samples is established by means of simulation evidence.

Pengaruh Harga, Ulasan Produk, dan Sistem Pembayaran COD Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian di Shopee (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa FEB-ULB)

Phenomena that occur in Labuhanbatu University FEB students who make purchases on the Shopee application are regarding pricing, product reviews and payment procedures with cash on delivery (COD) transactions. This COD system is used by the Shopee application to increase consumer confidence in shopping online. This study aims to see the effect of price, product reviews, and COD payment systems on purchasing decisions at Shopee. The results of the joint hypothesis test (f test) show that price, product reviews, and COD payment systems have a significant effect on Purchase Decisions in the Shopee Application, where the value of Fcount (74.219) > Ftable (2.71) with a significant level of 0.000 < 0.1. So, it can be concluded that the better the price, product reviews, and COD payment system, the better the purchasing decisions made by FEB ULB students on the Shopee Application.

Opioid sparing effect of ketamine in military prehospital pain management-A retrospective study.

Opioids are the most commonly used analgesics in acute trauma, but are limited by slow onset and significant adverse effects. Ketamine is an effective and widely used analgesic. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and opioid-sparing effects of ketamine when used in prehospital military trauma setting. A retrospective analysis of a prehospital military trauma registry between 2014 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were 16 years or older, two or more documented pain assessments, at least one indicating severe pain, and administration of opioids and/or low-dose ketamine. Joint hypothesis testing was used to compare casualties who received opioids only to those who received ketamine on outcomes of pain score reduction and opioid consumption. Overall, 382 casualties were included. Ninety-one (24%) received ketamine (21 as a single analgesic), with a mean dose of 29 mg (standard deviation, 11). Mean reduction in pain scores (on an 11-point scale) was not significantly different; 4.3-point (2.8) reduction in the ketamine group and 3.7 points (2.4) in the opioid-only group ( p = 0.095). Casualties in the ketamine group received a median of 10 mg (interquartile range, 3.5-25) of morphine equivalents (MEs) compared with a median of 20 ME (10, 20) in the opioid-only group. In a multivariable multinomial logistic regression, casualties in the ketamine group were significantly more likely to receive a low (1-10 ME) rather than a medium (11-20 ME) dose of opioids compared with the opioid-only group (odds ratio, 0.032; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.75). The use of ketamine in the prehospital military setting as part of a pain management protocol was associated with a low rather than medium dose of opioids in a multivariable analysis, while the mean reduction in pain scores was not significantly different between groups. Using ketamine as a first-line agent may further reduce opioid consumption with a similar analgesic effect. Therapeutic/care management; Level IV.

Incidence of sedation-related adverse events during ERCP with anesthesia assistance: a multicenter observational study

Anesthesia assistance is commonly used for ERCP. General anesthesia (GA) may provide greater airway protection but may lead to hypotension. We aimed to compare GA versus sedation without planned intubation (SWPI) on the incidence of hypoxemia and hypotension. We also explored risk factors for conversion from SWPI to GA. This observational study used data from the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group. Adults with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I to IV undergoing ERCP between 2006 and 2019 were included. We compared GA and SWPI on incidence of hypoxemia (oxygen saturation<90% for≥3 minutes) and hypotension (mean arterial pressure<65mm Hg for≥5 minutes) using joint hypothesis testing. The association between anesthetic approach and outcomes was assessed using logistic regression. The noninferiority delta for hypoxemia and hypotension was an odds ratio of 1.20. One approach was deemed better if it was noninferior on both outcomes and superior on at least 1 outcome. To explore risk factors associated with conversion from SWPI to GA, we constructed a logistic regression model. Among 61,735 cases from 42 institutions, 38,830 (63%) received GA and 22,905 (37%) received SWPI. The GA group had 1.27 times (97.5% confidence interval, 1.19-1.35) higher odds of hypotension but .71 times (97.5% confidence interval, .63-.80) lower odds of hypoxemia. Neither group was noninferior to the other on both outcomes. Conversion from SWPI to GA occurred in 6.5% of cases and was associated with baseline comorbidities and higher institutional procedure volume. GA for ERCP was associated with less hypoxemia, whereas SWPI was associated with less hypotension. Neither approach was better on the combined incidence of hypotension and hypoxemia.

Effects of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Postoperative Pain After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial.

Total joint arthroplasties are among the most common elective procedures performed in the United States, and they are associated with postoperative pain. Gabapentin enacarbil is a prodrug with an extended-release formulation that has been proposed for multimodal postoperative analgesia, but the drug's efficacy for major arthroplasties remains unclear. We enrolled 60 adult patients scheduled for primary knee or hip arthroplasty expected to remain hospitalized for at least 3 days. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to placebo or gabapentin enacarbil 600 mg twice daily starting the day before surgery continuing for 3 days thereafter.The primary outcome was analyzed using a joint hypothesis framework of pain (0 to 10 verbal response scores) and cumulative opioid consumption (mg of morphine equivalent) within the first 72 hours. Secondary outcomes were nausea and vomiting, pain persisting 90 days after surgery, duration of hospitalization, and early postoperative health status using quality of recovery score (QoR-15). Twenty-eight patient in gabapentin enacarbil group and 32 in placebo group were analyzed. Since pain scores did not differ significantly (difference of means: -0.2 in pain scores; 95% confidence interval: -1.1, 0.7), nor did opioid consumption, conditions for joint hypothesis testing were not met. Moreover, there were no significant differences between groups for secondary outcomes. We did not identify statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in our primary and secondary outcomes related to perioperative use of gabapentin enacarbil in patients having primary hip or knee arthroplasties.

Effect or Treatment Heterogeneity? Policy Evaluation with Aggregated and Disaggregated Treatments

Binary treatments in empirical practice are often (i) ex-post aggregates of multiple treatments or (ii) can be disaggregated into multiple treatment versions after assignment. In such cases it is unclear whether estimated heterogeneous effects are driven by effect heterogeneity or by treatment heterogeneity. This paper provides estimands to decompose canonical effect heterogeneity into the effect heterogeneity driven by different responses to underlying multiple treatments and potentially different compositions of these underlying effective treatments. This allows to avoid spurious discovery of heterogeneous effects, to detect potentially masked heterogeneity, and to evaluate the underlying assignment mechanism of treatment versions. A nonparametric method for estimation and statistical inference of the decomposition parameters is proposed. The framework allows for the use of machine learning techniques to adjust for high-dimensional confounding of the effective treatments. It can be used to conduct simple joint hypothesis tests for effect heterogeneity that consider all effective treatments simultaneously and circumvent multiple testing procedures. It requires weaker overlap assumptions compared to conventional multi-valued treatment effect analysis. The method is applied to a reevaluation of heterogeneous effects of smoking on birth weight. We find that parts of the differences between ethnic and age groups can be explained by different smoking intensities. We further reassess the gender gap in the effectiveness of the Job Corps training program and find that it is largely explained by gender differences in the type of vocational training received.

Partially one-sided semiparametric inference for trending persistent and antipersistent processes

Hypothesis testing in models allowing for trending processes that are possibly nonstationary and non-Gaussian is considered. Using semiparametric estimators, joint hypothesis testing for these processes is developed, taking into account the one-sided nature of typical hypotheses on the persistence parameter in order to gain power. The results are applicable for a wide class of processes and are easy to implement. They are illustrated with an application to the dynamics of GDP.

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAERAH KABUPATEN KERINCI

This study aims to determine how much p engaruh leadership style, motivation of work, and discipline to employee performance BKPSDMD Kerinci, with a sample of 95 respondents employee BKPSDMD Kerinci district . The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The research results obtained based on partial test (t test) obtained: (a) partially there is a significant influence between leadership style on employee performance. Thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. (b) partially significant effect between employee motivation t erhadap employee performance . Thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. (c) partially significant effect between work discipline of work t erhadap employee performance . Thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. (d) then based on the results of joint hypothesis testing (Test F) leadership style, work motivation, and work discipline positive and significant effect on employee performance. Based on the test of the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) obtained a value of 74.1%, this indicates that the percentage contribution of independent variables of leadership style, employee motivation, and discipline by 74.1% while the remaining 25.9% influenced by variables outside the research , such as employee commitment, organizational culture, training, and work environment. Finally, the authors suggest to the Kerinci Regency BKPSDMD to be able to increase work motivation and employee work discipline , leaders can implement a better leadership style and maintain a good leadership style .

Supporting Factors in Forming Islamic Village-Owned Enterprise (I-BUMDes) in Nagan Raya District

It is important and urgent to conduct a scientific study on the establishment of Islamic Village-Owned Enterprises (I-BUMDes) through the local potential to realize independent villages, by analyzing local potential variables, financial capital, human resources, and community participation in the establishment of I-BUMDes in Nagan Raya District. The population of this study was all villages that have Bumdes in Nagan Raya district. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The study sample was 10 I-BUMDes that have run in Nagan Raya district. Primary data was obtained by interviews and questionnaires to I-BUMDes administrators and communities in the local area. Secondary data was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Regency Community Empowerment Agency (BPM), and the internet. Regression analysis was performed to determine whether an independent variable has an effect on the dependent variable by using the regression model estimation by entering a dummy variable, the joint hypothesis test model. Significance test was carried out using the normality test method through the Jarque-Bera (JB) statistical test through histogram screening, with a significance level of 5% indicating that the statistical value was 163,393 while the square chi value α = 5% and (df = n-2 = 130-2 = 128, α = 5%). Therefore, the Ho assumption is accepted which means the norm is distributed data. The regression results using qualitative variables can be seen, showing different results and in accordance with the hypothesis that was built. The regression results by entering the dummy variable show a positive and significant effect at α = 5%, towards the formation of I-BUMDes in Nagan Raya District. Only human power variables do not affect the formation of I-BUMDes with an error term value of α = 5%.

The influence of Price, Innovation, and Brand Image on Purchase Decision

This study aims to determine how big the influence of price, innovation and brand image partially or jointly on purchasing decisions. The method of data collection was through questionnaires with a sample of 95 students from the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Padang, Department of Management. The method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of the correlation analysis test show that there is a significant relationship between price, innovation and brand image on purchasing decisions for LENOVO products. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis were obtained: (a) There is a negative and significant effect between price on purchasing decisions, as evidenced by the value of t-statistic &lt; t-table (-2.627 &lt; 1.986). (b) There is a positive and significant influence between innovation on purchasing decisions, as evidenced by the value of t-statistic &gt; t-table (4.494 &gt; 1.986). (c) There is a significant influence between brand image on purchasing decisions, as evidenced by the value of t-statistic &gt; t-table (4.631 &gt; 1.986). Then based on the joint hypothesis test (F test) it can be seen that the value of F-statistic &gt; F-table (21.902 &gt; 2.70). So the author concludes that price, innovation and brand image have a significant effect on purchasing decisions and the result of Determination (R2) the value is 0.419 this shows that the contribution of the influence of the variables studied in this study is 41.9% and the remaining 58.1% is influenced by the variables others outside of this study.

Leveraging Hypothesis Testing for CSI Based Passive Human Intrusion Direction Detection

Due to the pervasive deployment of Wi-Fi devices, Wi-Fi-based human intrusion detection has attracted intensive attention in recent years. By analyzing temporal changes of signal caused by human movement, the existing solutions can achieve passive human intrusion detection. However, the detection of intrusion direction, from which the person intrudes the area of interests, is still a challenging task. Considering the influence of intrusion direction on the energy and spatial statistical distributions of multiple reflections, in this study, we propose WIDD, a Wi-Fi-based passive human intrusion direction detection system. Concretely, WIDD first extracts the angle of arrival (AoA) and amplitude distributions of the multipath signal and conducts the Jarque-Bera (JB) test to analyze the normality of the obtained distributions. A novel joint hypothesis testing algorithm is proposed to monitor changes in amplitude and AoA distributions of reflections and realize the human intrusion detection based on the analysis result. At last, it finds the reflection affected by the human intrusion most via the divergence evaluation and extracts the corresponding AoA to realize the intrusion direction detection. The comprehensive experimental evaluation demonstrates that WIDD provides human intrusion direction detection accuracy of about 0.943 and 0.931, under the scenario where the transmitter and receiver are separated by the glass and brick wall, respectively, outperforming the state-of-the-art solutions and shedding bright lights on ubiquitous human detection in practice.

REEXAMINING THE QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM THE JOINT HYPOTHESIS

The joint hypothesis test is a replicable interpretation of the quantity theory of money (QTM) when used as an inflation theory. This study examined the effect of money supply and gross domestic product (GDP) growth on inflation volatility. We used the cross- country data of 40 countries, both in 2002 and 2014, from the World Bank publications. We analyzed the data using both the unrestricted regression model and joint hypothesis testing (the Wald test). The unrestricted regression results pointed inflation volatility in 40 countries was mostly driven by the monetary side, not by the real sector. Meanwhile, the joint hypothesis test demonstrated Strong Wald and Weak Wald test for the QTM prediction were rejected. These findings implied undesirable results from a monetarist perspective. We proposed an alternative method to confirm the joint hypothesis test from the QTM. It would be interesting to see whether our findings hold in other countries.

Joint hypothesis testing of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the Youden index.

In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) serves as an overall measure of diagnostic accuracy. Another popular ROC index is the Youden index (J), which corresponds to the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity minus one. Since the AUC and J describe different aspects of diagnostic performance, we propose to test if a biomarker beats the pre-specified targeting values of AUC0 and J0 simultaneously with H0 : AUC ≤ AUC0 or J ≤ J0 against Ha : AUC > AUC0 and J > J0 . This is a multivariate order restrictive hypothesis with a non-convex space in Ha , and traditional likelihood ratio-based tests cannot apply. The intersection-union test (IUT) and the joint test are proposed for such test. While the IUT test independently tests for the AUC and the Youden index, the joint test is constructed based on the joint confidence region. Findings from the simulation suggest both tests yield similar power estimates. We also illustrated the tests using a real data example and the results of both tests are consistent. In conclusion, testing jointly on AUC and J gives more reliable results than using a single index, and the IUT is easy to apply and have similar power as the joint test.