Joint Discussion Research Articles

Gap-Trailing: Scaffolding and Exploring Situated Knowledge.

User knowledge and lived experiences are pivotal in bridging the gaps between the environment and individuals causing disability. Examples of best practices help us refine and develop the theoretical groundings of UD in academia and the practical implementation in design practices. Yet best practices are also needed in our methodological approaches across research and practice concerning how to work with and in the intersection of people and environments. The approach of the researcher is pivotal when facing individuals with diverse physical or cognitive abilities, but also when exploring the role of the environment. Architectural anthropology is one way of combining tools and mindsets that could be useful when studying more complex or nuanced processes, e.g., aging or impairment. In this paper, we focus on the knowledge of people who are experiencing incipient vision loss and the mutual and dynamic interrelation of (dis)abilities between the individual and their (home) environment. In the project entitled "The Role of Lighting When Vision Changes" we explore the phenomenon of vision loss, and in this paper, we provide a critical-reflective perspective on how fieldworks can contribute to this exploration. During the winter season of 2023-24, walk-along interviews were conducted in the homes of 37 participants 55+, including 10 normally sighted and 27 visually impaired (still using their residual vision). Based on transcriptions and fieldnotes, as well as reflective notes from subsequent joint discussions among the researchers, this paper discusses the role of architectural anthropology in the project and how it can scaffold new socio-material explorations as well as critical reflections.

AHP SO06 - A case report of the nutritional and multi-disciplinary team (MDT) management of an emergency oesophageal perforation associated with Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EOE)

Abstract Background EOE once considered rare, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the oesophagus presenting as dysphagia and food impaction in children and adults. Awareness and management of EOE is variable despite an increasing prevalence and the condition deemed the most common cause of oesophageal perforation in adults and children by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG). This case review aims to increase the awareness of EOE, highlight the clinical presentation of EOE, discuss considerations for the nutritional management and the importance of an MDT approach to the care of this condition in relation to the BSG consensus guidelines. Method The patient was admitted to a specialist oesophago-gastric surgical centre in the Northwest of England. A retrospective review of the patient’s case notes was completed. This included exploration of all inpatient and outpatient contacts stored in the electronic patient records system. Results 18-year-old underweight male with IgE-mediated nut allergy and odynophagia, developed complex multi-site oesophageal perforations following OGD. Management included 40-day endoluminal vacuum therapy and extensive nutritional support. Although initial biopsies lacked diagnostic quality and conclusive results, EOE was subsequently confirmed. Dietetic evaluation included nutritional status, atopic history, symptoms, and dietary intolerances. MDT discussions influenced care continuity and patient compliance. Feeding delays attributable to frequent theatre visits impacted continued weight loss; addressed with allergen-free enteral and parenteral feeding, and dietary reintroduction, following six-food elimination once perforations had healed. Healthy BMI was achieved through patient’s preferred long-term management of normal diet and Budesonide. Conclusion Increased awareness of EOE is paramount for patients presenting with unexplained oesophageal perforation. Obtaining biopsy samples as per BSG guidance supports earlier diagnosis and management plan. A thorough clinical history including childhood eating behaviours, atopic history, dietary intolerances and symptom presentation from the patient and relatives gathers collateral information to support diagnosis and treatment planning. Joint discussions regarding pharmaceutical management, dietary elimination and reintroduction are important to achieve remission. The case highlights the importance of collaborative MDT working with the surgical, medical and dietetics whilst empowering the patient to make informed decisions regarding the nutritional and medical management of condition.

1.M. Scientific session: Young and lonely – exploring experiences, challenges, and potential solutions

Abstract Experiencing loneliness is a natural facet of human existence, often considered a normative aspect of adolescent life. However, for some adolescents, this experience evolves into a ‘vicious circle’ of prolonged loneliness, making it challenging to reconnect with their social environment. This issue is important given the significance of fulfilling social relationships during adolescence. Peer relationships are particularly important in facilitating various developmental processes such as identity formation, asserting of autonomy from parental influence, and acquisition of social skills. Loneliness among adolescents is notably high, as evidenced by mounting research highlighting its prevalence in this age group surpassing other age groups. Research spanning adulthood and old age consistently demonstrates loneliness as a risk factor for both mental and physical health outcomes, including stress, depression, chronic diseases, and premature mortality. Even during adolescence, loneliness is associated with adverse mental and physical health, with potential long-term consequences extending into adulthood. These findings underscore the imperative of addressing adolescent loneliness and the need for effective interventions and widespread solutions tailored to this demographic. This workshop aims to address adolescent loneliness, exploring their experiences, challenges, and the consequences of loneliness, while also addressing possibilities for mitigation and prevention. Through three presentations followed by a joint discussion with the audience, participants will gain important insights into this critical issue. The workshop will be chaired by Asst. Prof. Julie Christiansen (Defactum - Public Health Research, Denmark, and University of Southern Denmark). Julie Christiansen will provide an introductory overview, describing current knowledge of adolescent loneliness including prevalence, ascendants, and consequences, based on findings from the Danish National Health Survey (How are you?”). The first presentation will be given by Lily Verity (University of Manchester, UK), who will present the findings from a qualitative research study with adolescents highlighting factors that influence their approach to coping with loneliness. Following this, Prof. Mathias Lasgaard (Defactum - Public Health Research, Denmark, and University of Southern Denmark) and Dr. Anne Friis Bo (Defactum - Public Health Research, Denmark) will provide an overview of the intervention landscape, including current knowledge on the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The presentation will also highlight the potential of community-based approaches. This will be exemplified through an introduction to the Danish initiative ‘More Together’ including 36 partners in Silkeborg Municipality. Lastly, Ph.D. student Lauren Burke (University of Manchester, UK) will present the findings from a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of loneliness interventions for children and adolescents. Key messages • The prevalence of loneliness among adolescents surpasses that of other age groups, substantiated by extensive research spanning nations. • Loneliness during adolescence is potentially modifiable through targeted interventions.

5.A. Scientific session: From theory to action - Applying the Medical Research Council framework on complex interventions

Abstract The reasons for the workshop: Globally, public health problems such as obesity, poor mental health, and social inequality in health are on the rise. Tackling these significant challenges requires well-designed complex interventions. Interventions rarely follow linear sequences from intervention design toward large-scale implementation. Rather, they take non-linear trajectories by constantly adapting the intervention design according to the context. This thinking is outlined in the British Medical Research Council’s (MRC) 2021 framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. This workshop encompasses four case projects, each corresponding to one of the four phases in the framework: i) development, ii) feasibility, iii) implementation, and iv) evaluation. However, recognising the deliberately generic nature of this framework, our workshop also encompasses co-creation, process evaluation, and implementation theories and methodology. Combining these methodologies presents challenges that necessitate clear argumentation and critical reflection. In this workshop, we will share the challenges encountered when applying the MRC 2021 framework and hopefully inspire future innovative opportunities in intervention research. Specifically, this workshop aims to: i) exchange challenges from intervention research methods and theories drawing on presenters’ experiences across four public health case projects. Presenters will critically reflect on the key concepts from the MRC framework including context, programme theory, engagement of stakeholders, uncertainties, and refinement of interventions. ii) discuss opportunities for future complex intervention research and outline best practices for using the MRC 2021 framework for complex interventions. The added value of organising the workshop: The audience attending this workshop will reflect on multiple on-the-ground experiences of applying methodology and principles from the MRC 2021 framework as well as methods and theories relevant to intervention research: co-creation, qualitative (e.g., ethnography, interviews) and quantitative (e.g. experimental, observational) methods applied to all core phases of complex interventions. At the end of the workshop, the audience will be invited to participate in an open, plenary discussion facilitated by the workshop’s chairs: two international experts on complex interventions, Reader Rhiannon Evans and Prof. Helle Terkildsen Maindal. The experts will encourage the presenters and audience to reflect critically on the case projects and ways forward for complex intervention research. Coherence between the presentations in relation to the workshop topic: The four case projects are guided by the MRC 2021 framework for complex interventions and involve public health interventions at the individual, interpersonal, and structural levels in Denmark and Canada. Key messages • Tackling public health challenges demands innovative and well-designed complex interventions combining research traditions, principles from health promotion, and cutting-edge best-practice frameworks. • The symposium will create a platform for cross-disciplinary knowledge exchange through case projects and expert-led joint discussions on how to apply the MRC 2021 framework for complex interventions.

Airway management algorithm during circular tracheal resection in adult patients with cicatricial stenosis (a single-center study)

The objective was to present the experience of airway management algorithm in patients with different localization of stenosis during circular tracheal resection.Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis included 84 patients with grade II cicatricial stenosis who underwent circular tracheal resection at the period from 2018 to 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 with long-segment tracheal stenosis and group 2 with short-segment tracheal stenosis (39 and 45 patients, respectively). The age of patients in group 1 was 43 years [28–55] versus 48 [35–61] years in group 2 (p = 0.19). The patients in the groups were comparable in terms of the main parameters: gender, the ratio of women to men, BMI, class of cardiological risk, degree of risk of respiratory complications and pneumonia, degree of disability. Airway management control during surgery was provided by tracheal intubation with the installation of an endotracheal tube (ETT) proximal to tracheal stenosis or with a supraglottic airway device (laryngeal mask) i-gel (LM) before the main stage, followed by the application of the «apnea-ventilation-apnea» technique at the main stage. In patients with tracheostomy, airway management was performed by inserting endotracheal tube (ETT) into the tracheostomy opening using the «apnea-ventilation-apnea» technique until the completion of the main stage, followed by tracheal intubation through the mouth using a bronchoscope. All patients included in this study underwent tracheoplasty; patients with preserved tracheostomy were not included in the study. The choice of the method of airway management was determined after a joint discussion of the patient with the operating surgeon, endoscopists, as well as after evaluating the predictors of difficult airways and the presence of a tracheostomy in the patient.Results. The incidence of patients with tracheostomy in group 1 – 23 (59%) was higher than in group 2 – 9 (16%) (OR 5.75, 95% CI 2.18–15.17; p < 0.0001), which influenced the choice of tactics for airway management, since LM tracheostomy was not used in this group of patients. The choice of tactics for airway management algorithm also depended on the extent of stenosis, so LM was used more often in group 2 – 28 (62.2%) than in group 1 – 12 (30.8%) (p = 0.004). We associate such differences with the presence of a large number of patients with tracheostomy in group 1. For airway management during surgery, LM was used in 90% of cases with cervical localization of stenosis. In group 1, the time of anesthesia and mechanical ventilation increases compared to group 2: 245 [210–275] versus 215 [180–240] min (p = 0.022) and 265 [220–400] versus 210 [180–320] min (p = 0.015), respectively. The frequency of waking up in the operating room and regaining the ability to breathe independently was higher in patients in group 2: 35 (77.8%) than in group 1 22 (56.4%) (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.05–6.97; p = 0.036). No difference in length of hospital stay was observed in the extent of stenosis and the chosen airway management algorithm.Conclusion. The choice of airway management algorithm during circular tracheal resection in patients with grade II cicatricial stenosis is depended on the localization and extent of tracheal stenosis. The choice of laryngeal mask i-gel as the airway management algorithm is safe and alternative algorithm with tracheal intubation with short-segment cervical stenosis and absence of tracheostomy.

Digital Learning Literacy and Business Education from an Islamic Perspective at High School in Malaysia

Partners in this program are teachers from the National High School or Bukit Katil State School (SMK) in Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia. The problem faced by partners is that there is still not optimal knowledge about the use of digital learning and business education from an Islamic studies perspective. Apart from that, several teachers have never attended seminars on developing business education which is very important for increasing their insight as teachers at the vocational school level. The teachers have never held discussion activities related to this topic face to face with lecturers or delegates from international universities. In relation to these problems, the problems are efforts to increase literacy, knowledge and insight of teachers regarding the use of digital learning and development of buying and selling businesses from an Islamic perspective through seminars and joint discussions, and efforts to increase Islamic economic and financial literacy, communication skills within the scope of business education development, for teachers together with lecturers from various universities in Indonesia. This activity purposes to identify partners' knowledge and insight in utilizing digital learning and business education effectively from an Islamic perspective. This activity is very useful for expanding and strengthening relationships between teachers and lecturers in related fields. This activity was carried out using the Forum Group Discussion method. After carrying out this international community service activity, the knowledge, literacy and understanding abilities of the teachers increased. This is demonstrated by their ability to answer various questions in the discussions held. The teachers are also quite enthusiastic in establishing good relationships with lecturers from various disciplines

The Management of Teacher Creativity Development in Optimizing the Merdeka Curriculum

The Merdeka Curriculum is one of the government’s effort in enhancing the quality of education in Indonesia. In its implementation, the Merdeka Curriculum initiating differentiated learning based on student’s needs. Therefore, teacher creativity is crucial in creating effective learning experiences. This study aims to explore the management of teacher creativity development done in SMP Negeri 3 Balikpapan in optimizing the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This research was carried by using a qualitative method with a case study approach. To obtain the data needed, this research did interviews with the principal and teachers, observations, and school document analysis. Data analysis was conducted using Biklen & Bogdan's qualitative data analysis method. The research found that the management of teacher creativity development at SMP Negeri 3 Balikpapan is carried out through the stages of planning, organizing, implementation, and controlling. Planning involves setting objectives, conducting joint discussions, planning programs, and evaluating programs. The school implements several programs for teacher creativity development, including learning communities (kombel), PMM, and teacher training. Organizing stage involves task allocation, collaboration, and forming implementation teams. During the implementation stage, the principal motivates, provides guidance, and builds effective communication. Meanwhile, the controlling stage includes evaluation meetings, monitoring, and supervision. In implementing the teacher creativity management program, the school encounters several obstacles, such as administrative burdens, time constraints, and limited use of technology.

Mother-Daughter Dyads’ Perceptions of Contraception

In an increasing number of states, parents must provide permission for their daughters under 18-years-old to start contraception. We sought to understand perceptions among mother-daughter dyads about sources of information, and to describe dyadic interactions when discussing contraception. Dyads were recruited from an adolescent medicine clinic in Dallas, TX. A semi-structured joint interview was conducted with each dyad. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded through an iterative approach. There were 11 dyadic interviews (22 participants). Sources of information about contraception included mothers, healthcare providers (HCPs), friends/family, school, and individualized learning. Dyads identified distinct purposes and limitations of each source. Mothers noted the importance of supporting their daughter's development and specific needs. Often these conversations began with a discussion of menstrual management. Information from friends/family was overwhelmingly anecdotal. Schools and HCPs were viewed as trusted sources, and the internet/social media as possibly inaccurate or misleading. Dyads described several risks and benefits of different methods. Minimal conflict was noted. These results provide rich information about how mother-daughter dyads view contraception in joint discussion. It is important to ensure that accurate stories about contraception are accessible and teaching health literacy would be helpful. Menstrual management appears to be an acceptable starting point to discuss contraception. Schools and HCPs are trusted sources and measures should be taken to ensure teaching is accurate, developmentally appropriate and teaches evaluation of online information. Regardless of parental consent laws for adolescent contraception, engaging caregivers in the process can help support adolescent contraceptive decision-making.

LAYAR KECIL, MASALAH BESAR: ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KETERLAMBATAN BERBICARA ANAK

This research aims to analyze the relationship between smartphone use and speech delay in children. Over the past decade, the penetration of smartphones has increased significantly, resulting in early and intensive screen exposure among children. This study employs a quantitative method with structured surveys and direct observation of 10 children aged 4-5 years from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Data was collected regarding the daily duration of smartphone use, the type of content accessed, and parent-child interactions while using the device. Preliminary results indicate a significant negative correlation between the duration of smartphone use and the development of speech abilities. Children who spend more time with smartphones tend to show delays in reaching language development milestones compared to those with less exposure. Furthermore, this study identifies that the quality of parent-child interaction during smartphone use, such as joint discussions and verbal interactions, can mitigate and minimize the negative impact of smartphone usage. This research provides vital insights into the impact of digital technology on child development and offers recommendations for parents and early childhood education practitioners. Keywords: smartphone use, speech delay, child development, digital technology, parent-child interaction.

A health promotion model-based intervention to enhance treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundThe present study aimed to determine the effect of an intervention based on Pender’s health promotion model (HPM) on treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThe present quasi-experimental study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted in Bandar Abbas, a city in the south of Iran in 2023. The intervention group (IG) with a total number of 95 T2D patients was selected from Hormuz diabetes clinic and the control group (CG) with 95 T2D patients was selected from comprehensive health centers through a clustering sampling method. The educational intervention was implemented in 10 sessions to improve patients’ treatment adherence. The teaching methods in training sessions were lectures, joint discussions, Q&A, role-play and peer training. The participants were evaluated using a researcher-made questionnaire including the constructs of Pender’s HPM about T2D treatment adherence, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and BMI. Independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, covariance analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used. Data analysis was done in SPSS 26.FindingsThree months after the intervention, in comparison to the CG, the mean and standard deviation of treatment adherence benefits (p = 0.002), treatment adherence self-efficacy (p = 0.010), treatment adherence related affect (p = 0.001), interpersonal influences (p = 0.012), commitment to plan of action (p < 0.001), treatment adherence behavior (p = 0.022), treatment adherence experiences (p = 0.001) was higher in the IG. The mean and standard deviation of situational influences (p < 0.001), immediate competing demands and preferences (p = 0.018) were lower than the CG. The results obtained from the analysis of covariance proved the effectiveness of the intervention in the constructs of Pender’s HPM and HbA1C in participants of the IG (p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed, after the intervention, for every 1 unit of change in commitment to behavior planning, action related affect and perceived self-efficacy, compared to before the intervention, there were 0.22 units, 0.16 units and 0.26 units of change in the behavior score in the IG.ConclusionThe findings proved the effectiveness of the educational intervention in improving the constructs in Pender’s HPM and the blood sugar level of T2D patients. As the results of the educational intervention showed, the use of a suitable educational approach as well as the development of appropriate educational content for the target population can significantly improve the treatment adherence behavior.Trial registrationThis study is registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20211228053558N1: https://www.irct.ir/trial/61741) and first release date of 17th March 2022.

Complexity Theory Approach to Innovation Ecosystems

Purpose: By nowadays, in addition to the innovation systems definitions, the research area of innovation ecosystems operation is also developing significantly. The aim of the research is to examine how the concept of the innovation ecosystem and the conceptual scope of complexity theory are related. Theoretical reference: The paper gives an overview of development of innovation ecosystems literature, and also introduces summary of general systems theory. The authors point out that the joint discussion of the two areas are very rare in the related research works. There are few examples of referring Complex Adaptive Systems as potential approach for innovation ecosystems, but detailed theoretical analysis of the topic is limited. Method: The paper analyses the relationship and possible overlap of fields of innovation ecosystems and complexity theory by evaluation of findings of content analysis and a keyword-based method. As part of the methodology presented, the research of the theme is carried out from two aspects. First, based on review-type and theoretical works, a content analysis was made to define specific key feature word sets in both innovation ecosystems and complex theory areas. Then, based on these keyword set, validation was executed based on abstracts of selected papers in order to define possible relations of the two fields. Results and Conclusion: As a result of the research, authors draw conclusions about the relationship between the definition of innovation ecosystems and complexity theory. Both the joint keywords and the non-relevant words have been pointed out. The authors concluded that there is apparent theoretical relation of the two areas from content point of view, based on analysis of relevant scientific papers. Implications of research: The outcomes of the research fundamentally influence the treatment of innovation ecosystems, which has been traditionally assumed linear, deterministic and controllable behaviour. Introducing the potential of complex systems allow opening new aspects to manage such challenges of innovation ecosystems which could not been handled in the usual way. Originality/value: The joint discussion of the topic of innovation ecosystems and complex systems theory is rather rare in the related scientific works. The novelty of the current paper is the systematic approach defined for this analysis purpose and way of validation of the pre-defined keyword set through abstracts of relevant papers. The present research addressed the preliminary discussion of the given research question, further research and analysis can be made based on larger-scale paper base.

Exploring leaders' perceptions of school resilience during COVID-19: Constructing the framework for school development

The study aimed to develop a framework for evaluating school resilience, focusing on leaders' perceptions. This framework examined two critical aspects: firstly, how pre-pandemic school development activities influenced schools' response during the COVID-19 remote learning period, and secondly, how experiences gained during the pandemic could shape future practices.Two research questions guided the study: (1) What predictive factors contribute to leaders’ ability to manage daily leadership during distance learning? (2) What factors do leaders identify as enabling schools to enhance their learning capacity for the future?The survey was conducted among Estonian school leaders at the end of the first pandemic wave in June 2020. Two multiple linear regression models were employed to explore the variance in coping with leadership challenges during the remote learning period and the potential impact on future teaching practices.The results show that leaders effectively managed the challenges of the remote learning period, drawing on their pre-pandemic experience with joint discussions and distance teaching practices, established routines working with data and collaboration with parents. Moreover, the perception of the distance learning period as a learning opportunity for the future stemmed from their previous experiences in distance teaching, data-driven decision-making, and joint discussions with colleagues.The developed resilience framework serves as both a research and self-evaluation tool to assess schools' capacity to navigate uncertainty. Additionally, it can be integrated into leadership training or school development programs to bolster schools' resilience and cultivate context-sensitive leadership skills.

Legal Protection of The Customary Rights of The Pubabu-Besipae Indigenous People

Ulayat land is land shared by indigenous communities. Customary land is closely related and is an integral part of customary land rights. Customary rights are the rights owned by indigenous peoples to utilize natural resources for survival. The existence of indigenous communities has been explicitly recognized in national law, such as the Basic Agrarian Law and the Forestry Law. However, recognition of customary rights is still often ignored by the Government, this is the case in the Pubabu-Besipae indigenous community. Therefore, the aim of this research is to find out how the law protects the customary rights of indigenous communities. This research uses normative legal methods and uses a statutory approach. The research findings show that legal recognition and protection of customary rights are very clearly recognized and regulated, so the government should not be able to control customary land arbitrarily according to its wishes. Ownership of customary land has limitations in carrying out legal actions and must take into account the prosperity of indigenous communities. So the actions taken by the East Nusa Tenggara Government are actions that violate the human rights of indigenous peoples because there are arbitrary actions and even acts of violence against indigenous peoples. The government should hold joint discussions with indigenous communities to reach a fair agreement.

Pedagogical Leadership in Finnish Early Childhood Education and Care through the Lens of Practice Architectures

This research examines how practice architectures, i.e., cultural-discursive, material-economic, and social-political arrangements both enable and constrain the pedagogical leadership practice of early child-hood education (ECE) center directors (N = 3). The data were collected by a qualitative shadowing method and analyzed deductively using the theory of practice architectures. The findings revealed that social- political arrangements were fundamental for directing pedagogical leadership practice, affecting both material- economic and cultural-discursive arrangements. The social- political arrangements of pedagog-ical leadership were grounded in the municipality’s organizational structure; in turn, this structure organ-ized daily pedagogical leadership practices. Social-political arrangements were narrated as the directors emphasized the importance of national guidelines, legislation, and implementation of the national and local curricula. These were related to the material-economic arrangements because they required organizing time for discussion and further training of personnel. The national guidelines combined material-economic and social-political aspects as well as cultural-discursive arrangements in leadership practice, as pedagog-ical development aligned with legislation and national curriculum demands in a wide range of leadership functions in ECE centers. The essence of pedagogical leadership practice was the focal point of joint dis-cussions regarding pedagogy and the implementation of curriculum in the ECE centers. Most significantly, the quality of these discussions could enable or constrain pedagogical leadership and were influenced by cultural-discursive arrangements and leadership philosophy of the center directors alike.

Edukasi Bahaya Rokok Pada Anak Usia Dini di SD Lempeh Sumbawa Besar

Smokers in Indonesia are ranked third in the world. More than 60 million Indonesians smoke. Cigarette consumption in 2008 reached 240 billion cigarettes or 658 million cigarettes per heart. This means money worth around Rp. 330 billion are "burned" by smokers in a day (TCSC-IAKMI, 2012). In Indonesia, 36.2% of boys and 4.3% of girls (i.e. 20.3% of all students) are users of smoked and/or smokeless tobacco. The initial age of smoking initiation for 43.2% was 12-13 years. Of smokers, 81.8% stated that they had tried to quit smoking in the last 12 months. Of the 88.2% of smokers who want to quit, only 24% have received help from a smoking cessation program or professional (WHO-SEARO, 2014). This community service activity was carried out on Saturday, April 18 2024 from 08.30 to 11.00 WITA. The service process is carried out using a collective counseling mechanism using education and socialization methods with lectures and joint discussions. This service also involved 10 fourth semester students. The conclusion of this community service is that by providing education to children about the harmful effects of tobacco, it can increase caregivers' knowledge and it is hoped that caregivers can prevent children from being exposed to cigarette smoke. Other service providers are advised to develop training topics and training models to increase public awareness, especially about smoking prevention.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban

Introduction: The resolution of acts of violence faced by children as perpetrators, witnesses, and victims if the criminal law is resolved is still inappropriate, considering that between the perpetrator and the victim as children so that different ways of solving the case are still needed.Purposes of Devotion: The purpose of this writing is to study more deeply related to problems related to previous research as a follow-up to the results of the research in order to provide legal education, especially related to solving crimes related to the Protection of Children as Victims carried out with a Restorative justice approach, as a model for solving cases. Method of Devotion: The methods of activities carried out in this socialization activity are Coordinating with the church, Preparing material or materials in the form of powerpoint material related to the problems studied in this PKM activity, Preparing a location to be used for PKM activities at Shiloh Church, joint discussions between participants and resource persons.Results of the Devotion: The result of this writing that is intended to be achieved is to realize legal protection for children by providing guarantees for the fulfillment of their rights without discriminatory treatment. Protection for children who are in conflict with the law in the juvenile criminal justice process at every stage starting from investigation, prosecution and court to children's correctional institutions has not been able to provide protection that can realize a sense of justice for children and even children's rights are often neglected. Children have been positioned as objects and tend to harm children. In children's cases, children are sometimes the perpetrators, victims and witnesses, so serious protection and handling is needed to anticipate this so that it does not have a wider impact and harm the child. The process of protecting children as perpetrators, witnesses and victims must be given attention in the handling process, namely that it must be handled by officials who truly understand children's problems.

Методика використання проблемного навчання на лекційних заняттях з теоретичної механіки

The article substantiates the need for the implementation of creative engineering thinking in students of higher education when studying the discipline "Theoretical Mechanics". Examples of problematic issues and methods of solving them using the analysis of the proposed hypotheses are given.&#x0D; The purpose of the article is to justify the given method of using problem-based learning in lecture classes on theoretical mechanics using active learning methods.&#x0D; The main goal of higher education is the formation of competences in learners, which will allow them to constantly develop and adapt to modern requirements in the conditions of constant development of industry. The main emphasis is placed not only on the assimilation of knowledge, but also on its creative application, the ability to solve new tasks, analyze different options and achieve optimal results. Solving creative engineering problems in the style of a business game or a game session reveals and reveals creative skills and abilities, significantly increases the individual creative potential of most of the applicants and contributes to the formation of professional production skills. The work of students in such classes includes a number of actions aimed at deepening knowledge, consolidating it in practical situations and developing personal qualities, such as independence, creativity, responsibility, work planning, the ability to quickly adapt to changes and make adjustments in the work process. Active participation of students in this process is also important, which contributes to their intellectual growth and development.&#x0D; Problem-based learning is a method in education that actively involves students in finding, analyzing and solving real problems or situations that arise in the context of studying a specific topic or discipline. The main aspects of problem-based learning include:&#x0D; - active participation of students – in problem-based learning, students act as active participants in the educational process. They are aimed at independent study of the material, problem solving and joint discussion.&#x0D; - stimulation of critical thinking – promotes the development of critical thinking in students. They learn to analyze information, make hypotheses, solve problems and argue their opinions.&#x0D; - collaborative learning – where group projects or tasks are often used, which promotes the development of communication skills, cooperation and mutual assistance between students.&#x0D; - interdisciplinary approach – can cover different aspects from different disciplines, which allows students to consider the problem from different points of view and apply knowledge from different areas.&#x0D; - development of independence and initiative – this teaching method stimulates independence and initiative of students. They learn to independently find information, formulate questions and find their own ways to solve problems.&#x0D; - application of skills in real life – promotes the development of skills that can be applied in real life situations. It helps students understand how their knowledge can be useful in practical activities.&#x0D; These aspects allow problem-based learning to be an effective learning method that promotes deep learning of the material and development of key competencies in students.

Implementation of The Project For Strengthening The Profile of Pancasila Students (P5) in Schools

Objective: This study examines issues in implementing the P5 program at State High School 14 Samarinda. Method: The data in this study are interview and observation data with correspondents of 3 teaching staff, three education staff, and five learners from State High School 14 Samarinda. Results: The results show that in its implementation, State High School 14 Samarinda experienced difficulties at the beginning of the project implementation where there were no references from other schools or incomplete explanations from the Office of Education and Culture, both provincial and district, which caused several obstacles, especially in developing children's primary capital. With these limitations, the workforce and education personnel work professionally by collaborating with novice teachers and senior teachers through experiences and joint discussions with parents about their children's essential capital so that they quickly know which ones need improvement. Novelty: Previous studies have analyzed the implementation of individual and organizational programs in education management and have yet to pay attention to the implementation of programs, especially the P5 program. Therefore, this research seeks to introduce the P5 program at the senior high school education level to make learners aware of the importance of cognitive and affective abilities in life, including the problems they face.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Sukajaya Sumedang Selatan dalam Produksi Minuman Kesehatan dan Bumbu Rempah berbasis Teknologi Farmasi

As a result of observations and joint discussions with the Village Community, information was obtained that there are agricultural products in the form of spices with high annual production quantities. However, the selling value of these spices still needs to be improved. Technology has not touched them and has yet to be managed optimally. Therefore, the team empowers the community to process herbs into food products, namely health drinks and spices based on pharmaceutical technology. This activity aims to improve community welfare and mutual elements of human resources in the region. This activity was attended by 28 community members who are Partners and Village Officials. Social empowerment of the society involved in the downstream activities of agricultural products in Sukajaya Village will be carried out through socialization stages, FGD with society and village officials, establishing a micro business plan for downstream health drink products and spices building production facilities, and assistance. This activity produces products in spices, health drinks, and herbal candy. At least 80-90% of the community understands each stage of the activity so that it can become a provision for self-development. The output of this activity is in the form of innovative products, such as health drinks and spice products, which can increase partner empowerment.

Systematic review for the development of a core outcome set for monofocal intraocular lenses for cataract surgery.

The aim of the study was to define a core outcome set (COS) to be measured following cataract surgery for the postoperative evaluation of monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Compared to current COSs, the present work provides updates considering the advances in the technology due to the development of new generation monofocal IOLs, which are characterized by a safety profile comparable to standard monofocal IOLs but with an extended range of intermediate vision. Healthcare professionals (ophthalmologist surgeons) and patients were involved in the selection of outcomes to be included in the COS, starting from a list of indicators retrieved from a systematic literature search. The search considered observational studies with both a retrospective or prospective design, case studies and classic randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A mixed methodology integrating a Delphi-driven and an expert panel approach was adopted to reach an agreement among clinicians, while patients were involved in the completion of a questionnaire. The final COS included 15 outcomes. Eleven outcomes, all clinical, were considered for inclusion after a joint discussion among ophthalmologists; seven outcomes were linked to visual acuity, while the remaining to contrast sensitivity, refractive errors, aberrations and adverse events. Measurement metrics, method of aggregation and measurement time point of these outcomes were specified. The most important aspects for the patients were (1) quality of life after cataract surgery, (2) the capacity to perform activities requiring good near vision (e.g., reading), (3) spectacle independence, and (4) safety of movements without fear of getting hurt or falling (intermediate vision). In a context with limited healthcare resources, it is important to optimize their use considering also the preferences of end-users, namely patients. The proposed COS, developed involving both ophthalmologists and patients, provides an instrument for the postoperative evaluation of different technologies in the context of monofocal IOLs, which can be used not only in clinical trials but also in clinical practice to increase the body of real-world evidence.