Joint Committee On Powder Diffraction Standards Research Articles

Potential nanomedicinal applications and physicochemical nature of Hyphaene thebaica-reduced nano-samaria.

Herein we described the biofabrication of samarium oxide nanoparticles (HT-Sm2O3 NPs) by applying the aqueous fruit extract of Hyphaene thebaica was utilized as an eco-friendly chelating agent. The prepared NPs were subjected to various physicochemical properties and potential in biomedical applications. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed sharp peaks that corroborated with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card no. 00-042-1464. Crystallite size obtained from Debye-Scherrer approximation and Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot was 28.73 and 69.3 nm, respectively. Optical bandgap was calculated by employing Kubelka-Munk (K-M) function and was found to be ~4.58 eV. Raman shift was observed at 121, 351, 424-, and 561 cm-1. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed two major peaks positioned at 360 and 540 nm. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis of HT-Sm2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) showed that they predominantly have spherical to cuboidal shapes. Additionally, the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern presented spotty rings, indicating a high level of crystallinity in these NPs. The potential nanomedicine applications were studied using diverse bioassays using different treatments. The antioxidant activity demonstrated 45.71% ± 1.13% inhibition at 1000 μg/mL. Brine shrimp lethality assay revealed the highest cytotoxicity of 46.67% ± 3.33% at 1000 μg/mL and LC50 value of 1081 μg/mL. HT-Sm2O3 NPs exhibited inhibition of angiogenesis (20.41% ± 1.18%) at of 1000 μg/mL. MTT assay results indicated that HT-Sm2O3 NPs exhibit inhibitory effects on cell lines. Specifically, these NPs showed an IC50 value of 104.6 μg/mL against 3T3 cells. Against MCF-7 cells, the NPs demonstrated an IC50 value of 413.25 μg/mL. Additionally, in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the newly synthesized NPs showed an IC50 value of 320 μg/mL. The antidiabetic assessment through α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays revealed, an IC50 value of 380 μg/mL for α-glucosidase and 952 μg/mL for α-amylase was calculated. Overall, our study suggested that the Sm2O3 NPs possess moderate anticancer, cholinesterase inhibition, and antidiabetic potential, however, needs further assessment. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: In this work, nano-samaria is synthesized using an eco-friendly and green approach. The nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as Raman, HR-TEM, FTIR, DRS, XRD, and so on, and the applications were studied using multiple in vitro bioassays for Diabetes, Alzheimer, and Cancer. The nano-samaria revealed good potential for potential biomedical applications.

Synthesis, Structural and Fluorescence Investigations of Novel Li2Ba5W3O15:Sm3+ Phosphors for Photonic Device Applications.

In the current study, Sm3+ ions doped Lithium Barium Tungstate (Li2Ba5W3O15) (LBW) phosphors with the ability to emit orange-red light were made using the traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The structure and phase of the as-synthesized phosphor samples were examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The diffraction peaks of the undoped LBW and Sm3+ ions doped LBW phosphors closely resemble those of the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) pattern with card number 01-072-1717. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for the analysis of the morphological characteristics of the synthesized phosphor material. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to study several vibrational and molecular bands present in the host matrix. Using diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), the optical band gap values (Eg) were evaluated by applying Tauc's method. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra characteristics at λex = 336nm indicate the emission of dopant ions (Sm3+) in the deep orange-red region corresponding to 4G5/2 → 6H5/2 transition (at 581nm) with concentration quenching after 2mol % of Sm3+ ions. Using the PL spectra, the CIE chromaticity coordinates of LBWS2.0 phosphor were estimated and found in the deep visible orange-redarea, indicating the potential use of the prepared phosphor material for phosphor-converted white light emitting diodes (w-LEDs) applications. Double exponential behaviour can be seen in the PL decay spectralprofiles obtained under λem = 581nm and λex = 336nm. The experimental lifetimes (τexp) decrease as the concentration of Sm3+ ions rise. The temperature-dependent PL (TDPL) and activation energy results show that the as-synthesized phosphor has considerably superior thermal stability. The results of the current research contemplate us the applicability of Sm3+ ions doped LBW phosphor for photonic devices such as w-LEDs.

Вовлечение техногенных отходов в переработку – парадигма ресурсного обеспечения устойчивого развития

Вовлечение техногенных отходов в переработку – парадигма ресурсного обеспечения устойчивого развития

Synthesis and characterization of MgO nanoparticles using chemical reducing agents and leaf extract of neem

Nanotechnology plays a major role in the industrial revolution and emerged over the past decade as the vanguard of Science and Technology and it is a dominant area of scientific research. The eco-friendly synthesis of MgO nanoparticles provide an alternative solution to the use of toxic materials that are harmful to the environment. The present work focuses on the synthesis of MgO nanoparticles by azadirachta indica (neem) leaves through the green method and chemical synthesis. The azadirachta indica commonly known as neem, a widely distributed medicinal plant is safe, easily available and has great potential for biomedical applications. Here we utilizing the reducing and capping potential of neem leaf extract. Study revealed the role of various biomolecules such as nimbin, nimbinene, nimbandiol, immobile, nimicinol, quercetin, and beta-sitosterol in the formation of MgO nanoparticles. The study also compares the morphology, and nature of nanoparticles developed through different synthesis techniques. The distinctive features of biosynthesized MgO nanoparticles such as high refractive index, outstanding optical transparency, excellent corrosion resistance and high stability are enhanced its applications in various fields. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles has done using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. An average particle size of 8 nm was observed for nanoparticles derived from chemical synthesize as calculated from the major peak appeared at 38.187°. It is interestingly noted that, nanoparticles prepared by green approach, the size has reduced to 5 nm and the major peak shifts to 37.97°. The study clearly confirms that for the production of smaller-sized nanoparticles green method is preferred. Data obtained from the XRD technique has compared with the standard JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards) file, thus confirming the presence of MgO nanoparticles. The prepared MgO nanoparticles from neem leaf extract have identified suitable for seed germination applications.

Crystalline analysis of dental enamel by X-Ray diffraction on pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

This study aimed to analyze the crystalline structure of dental enamel in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The six tested samples had a mineral composition similar to hydroxyapatite, according to sheet JCPDS(Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards) card #09-0432, which is normally found in dentine, and presented a lower amount of whitlockites (Ca, Mg)3(PO4)2. Pattern phases showed an increase in organic matter and a decrease in inorganic matter. At an interval of approximately 2θ = 15.7° to 27.2°, amorphous organic matter corresponding to hydrated glucose was found. The hydroxyapatite patterns in this study differed from that of dental enamel found on permanent teeth.

In vitro embryotoxicity and mode of antibacterial mechanistic study of gold and copper nanoparticles synthesized from Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz. leaves extract

The present study demonstrated the in vitro embryotoxicity assessment of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) prepared from the leaves extract of Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz. and addressed their mode of antibacterial mechanisms. Both AuNPs and CuNPs were rapidly synthesized and the formations were observed within 1 h and 24 h, respectively. Further the morphological images of the nanoparticles were confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) analysis of the biosynthesized AuNPs and CuNPs were matched with joint committee on powder diffraction standards (JCPDS) file no of 04-0784 and 89-5899, respectively. A strong prominent Au and Cu signals were observed through energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the responsible phytochemicals for the synthesis of AuNPs and CuNPs. In order to assess the toxic effects of AuNPs and CuNPs, bactericidal activity was performed against few of the test pathogens in which the effective inhibition was observed against Gram-negative bacteria than the Gram-positive bacteria. The mode of action and interaction of nanoparticles were performed on the bacterial pathogens and the results concluded that the interaction of nanoparticles initially initiated on the surface of the cell wall adherence followed by ruptured the cells and caused the cell death. In addition to the antibacterial activity, in vitro embryotoxicity studies were performed against zebrafish embryos and the results confirmed that 200 µg/ml concentration of AuNPs showed the embryotoxicity, whereas 2 µg/ml of CuNPs resulted the embryotoxicity. Furthermore, the morphological anomalies of zebrafish embryos revealed the toxic nature of the synthesized nanoparticles.

Fabrication and Characterization of Clay-Polyethylene Composite Opted for Shielding of Ionizing Radiation

This study fabricated and characterized a self-sustaining hydrogenous content clay-polyethylene composite opted for ionizing radiation shielding. Composites designated A–G were fabricated each containing 0–30 wt% of recycled low density polyethylene (LDPE), respectively. To know the effects of the incorporated LDPE on the morphology, microstructural, compressive strength, thermal property and displacement effect on the vital elements were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), universal mechanical testing machine, differential thermal analysis (DTA), Rutherford backscattering (RBS) technique and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), respectively. The bulk densities of the clay composites ranged between 1.341 and 2.030 g/cm3. The samples’ XRD analysis revealed similar patterns, with a sharp and prominent peak at angle 2θ equals ~26.11°, which matched with card number 16-0606 of the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) that represents Aluminum Silicate Hydroxide (Al2Si2O5(OH)4), a basic formula for Kaolin clay. The compressive strength ranged between 2.52 and 5.53 MPa. The ratio of Si to Al in each composite is about 1:1. The dehydroxylation temperature for samples ranged between 443.23 °C and 555.23 °C.

Fabrication of dimensional hydrophilic TiO2 nanostructured surfaces by hydrothermal method

The hydrophilic dimensional Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructured surface has been fabricated using the hydrothermal method. In this study, fluorinated tin oxide coated (FTO) glass is used as a transparent conductive substrate for the growth of TiO2 nanostars. FTO has the same crystal structure as TiO2 such that FTO promotes epitaxial nucleation and rutile evolution. The morphological characterization is done by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FESEM shows that the stars like morphology of the TiO2 nanorods are obtained. The X-ray spectra reveal a tetragonal structure, which matches very well with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) data of rutile TiO2 with an average crystallite size of TiO2 nanostars are of 18.3 nm. The contact angles of hydrophilic TiO2 nanostructured surfaces after UV-light irradiation for 30 min were 41 ± 5° and 48 ± 5° respectively. The objective of our present work uses an FTO glass substrate with a transparent conductive growth of TiO2 nanostars hydrophilic in nature which has its applications in self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and antifungal processes.

Effect of Cd/S ratio on growth and physical properties of CdS thin films for photosensor application

In the present work, we have successfully deposited cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films with quantum dot size on a silica glass substrate by using simple and commercial chemical bath deposition (CBD) with varying the concentration of the solution at ~ 50 °C bath temperature, where we found that the deposition parameters such as the precursor ratio of cadmium and thiourea strongly influence the morphology, physical properties, and photoresponse. There has been a disparity in the proportion of the equivalent elements of the precursors, where the stoichiometric ratio of Cd/S of the precursor was changed, which allows us to understand more about the conditions and influences on growth. There was a match when comparing standard Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) data with the study of X-ray diffraction and confirming the formation of a hexagonal crystal structure for CdS where is observed the size of the crystal varied and it was found that the estimated average of the CdS varied with the varying concentration and resulted in the least crystallite size of ~ 2.9 nm for the ratio of 0.01 M for cadmium and 0.02 M for sulfur. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images show the formation of nanosheets having micrometer-sized petals which got uniformity with varying Cd/S ratio. It can be seen absorption spectra near band edge ~ 400 nm with a slight deviation and presence of an excitonic peak for all samples with an estimated bandgap of CdS Quantum Dot (QD) thin films found to be varying from ~ 3.124 to ~ 3.11 eV. The photosensitivity was calculated for all CdS QD thin films and it was found that the photosensitivity increases with an increase in the Cd/S ratio.

Inhibitory Effect of Eco-Friendly Naturally Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of Medicinal Detarium microcarpum Plant on Pancreatic and Cervical Cancer Cells.

Background:Recently, nanoparticle synthesis by eco-friendly methods has received tremendous attention due to the method advantages and also because of the application of the nanoparticles in cancer research. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles from Detarium microcarpum leaf phytochemicals and evaluated its inhibitory effect on pancreatic and cervical cancer cells. Materials and Methods:Silver nanoparticles (dAgNps) were synthesized by reacting phytochemicals of D. microcarpum leaves with silver nitrate for 12 hours. Cell viability assay was carried out to investigate the cytotoxic effect of dAgNps on HeLa and PANC-1 cells. Results:Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) results revealed the average sizes of dAgNps are 81 nm and 84 nm respectively. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of dAgNps was similar to that of face centered cubic(fcc) structure of silver as reported by joint committee on powder diffraction standards (JCPDS) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that some phytochemicals of D. microcarpum such as polyphenols and flavonoids were likely involved in the reduction of Ag+ to form nanoparticles. Finally, cell viability assay revealed dAgNps inhibited PANC-1 and HeLa cell proliferations with IC50 values of 84 and 31.5 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion:In conclusion, the synthesized nanoparticles from D. microcarpum leaves (dAgNps) have inhibitory effect on pancreatic and cervical cancer cells.

Quantitative analysis of X-Ray diffraction spectra for determine structural properties and deformation energy of Al, Cu and Si

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method was used to analysis structural properties of Al, Si and Cu as cubic crystal system. Existence of Al, Si and Cu was investigated with the joint committee on powder diffraction standards (JCPDS) by 96-901-3104 for Si, 96-431-3215 for Al and 96-901-1605 for Cu respectively. In this paper we determine the concentration of our sample from the 3 or 4 peak area and the intensity of each peak. The content of Al, Si and Cu are 78,97%, 80,69% and 82,51% respectively. Relative texture coefficient (RTC) value investigated from diffraction by using h k l plane. Energy density, stress and strain were calculated using uniform density model (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) and size-strain plot method. For the crystallite size we applied the Scherrer equation, Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis and Size-Strain plot (SSP) method. High correlations the crystallite size found from the results by Scherrer, W-H, and SSP.

Utilization of polyfloral honey in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and evaluation of its potency as an antibacterial against S. aureus and E. coli

Gold nanoparticles was synthesized undergoes a green synthesis by utilising polyfloral honey as a bioreducing agents. Resulted gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer, as well as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Particle Size Analyser (PSA). Spectroscopy analysis of obtained products gave the results of an absorbance of 1.095 at wave length of 543 nm for UV-Vis, while Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) shown the appearance of certain type of organic functional group, which are characteristic for sugars, the major constituents of polyfloral honey, such as O-H, C=O, N-H and C-O in the gold nanoparticle synthesis. Analysis of XRD resulted of the Miller Index 111, 200, 202 and 311 of the product that corresponding to the database of Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). Particle Size Analyzer result average size distribution of gold nanoparticle is 219,8 nm. The evaluation of test antibacterial activity was performed using several bacteria test such as S. aureus and E. coli that show the gold nanoparticles can inhibit the bacteria.

A Comparison of Osteoblast Cell Proliferation and Osteocalcin Expression in Cuttlefish Bone and Bovine Bone Xenograft

Background: Cuttlefish bone Xenograft, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterial graft, offers an alternative and has been accepted for osteoconductive and probable osteo-inductive attributes. This study aims to compare the bone healing potential between the bovine-derived (BHA) and cuttlefish bone-derived (CHA).Materials and Methods: The study compared osteoblast cell proliferation of 27 New Zealand rabbits in 2.5 mm bone defect made in the femoral bone. The samples were divided into three groups, which were control, BHA and CHA group. The chemical and physical characteristics of BHA and CHA were determined for the content of hydroxyapatite by FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), then tested by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the porosity. In the end of the second week, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry examinations were performed to evaluate the amount of osteoblast and osteocalcin expression.Results: The FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis showed both BHA and CHA samples were hydroxyapatite according to Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). The CHA was significantly higher (297.22±19.772) compared to BHA (258.22±30.926) and control (131.67±34.213). Osteocalcin expression in CHA (7.82±2.230) compared to BHA (6.09±3.724) and control (4.07±3.606), was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: CHA group has the highest osteoblast cell proliferation and osteocalcin expression, meaning has a good potential as future source of bone graft.Keywords: cuttlefish bone, bovine, bone graft, osteoblast cell

Multifunctional nanocarrier as a potential micro-RNA delivery vehicle for neuroblastoma treatment

Abstract Neuroblastoma accounts for about 6% of all cancers in children, with a 5–year survival rate of only 20–25%. The increased expressin of MYCN is associated with poor prognosis in patients with neuroblastoma. MicroRNA–34 (miR–34) may serve as a potential target for cancer treatment, owing to its function as an oncogene and tumor suppressor. In this study, positively charged magnetic nanocarriers comprising cross-linked polyethylenimine (PEI)–tripolyphosphate (TPP)–coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were developed using co-precipitation method. These nanocarriers were capable of penetrating the cell wall and used for the delivery of miRNA–34a into the cells. The diffraction peak of synthesized magnetic nanocarriers at 2θ = 35.44° corresponded to that of magnetite (Fe3O4) (311), consistent with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) database. The characteristic peaks at 3380, 1620, 2900, and 2840/cm corresponded to those of NH and − CH2− groups, indicating the successful coating of PEI. In addition, the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectra showed that the alternative magnetic field (AMF) triggered core heat generation, which softened the shells. The results of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed the nontoxicity of these nanocarriers to BE–2–M17 cells. The expression of miR-34a was raised and the expression of MYCN, the target of miR-34a, was significantly suppressed.

Fiber optics assisted ammonia gas detection property of gamma irradiated magnesium tetraborate

Gamma irradiated MTB has been explored as a chemical gas sensor. For this purpose, MTB is used as the cladding in the sensing area of a multimode optical fiber in a home made fiber optic gas sensor. Solid state sintering and melting-quenching methods were followed for the synthesis of polycrystalline and glassy magnesium tetraborate (MTB). The structural and morphological studies were carried out using powder XRD and FESEM analysis. XRD peaks matched well with the Joint committee on powder diffraction standards(JCPDS) data. From EDAX analysis, the elemental composition of the sample showed the presence of cerium in MTB. Samples were irradiated in a 60Co gamma chamber and the dose of 20 Gy was given to the samples. UV–vis spectra of the as-prepared and gamma irradiated MTBs showed a marked variation in the absorbance. The sensor was used for the detection of ammonia gas at various concentrations. The gamma irradiated MTB showed a highly improved response for gas detection compared to as prepared MTB. In this paper, the experimental results and analysis are presented for ammonia detection.

Assessment of Rhodamine B Dye Removal by ZnO Nanodisks under Visible Light

The organic dye from the textile and dye industries are highly hazardous to aquatic living and human. They cause serious damage to the surrounding environment. Zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst has attracted much attention because of its high efficiency applications, especially in organic dyes removal, for instance Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The precipitation method was used to synthesize ZnO nanodisks (NDs) by using zinc acetate dehydrate, aluminium sulphate and ammonia hydroxide as precursors. The X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) shows that the as-synthesized particles consisted of ZnO and zinc aluminium carbonate hydroxide hydrate (ZnAlOHCO3) phases. These diffraction peaks matched with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) No. 98-002-7791 and No. 98-010-5856, respectively. The morphology of ZnO NDs was clearly observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). An average diameter and thickness of ZnO hexagonal disk were 2.12 µm and 74.9 nm, respectively. The UV-Visible spectroscopy showed that the photodegradation efficiency of ZnO NDs in removal of RhB dye in aqueous solution was 39% under visible light illumination of 5 hours. The possible photodegradation mechanism was studied by the examination of active species e.g. •HO, •O2−, h+ through adding their respective scavengers such as methanol, benzoquinone and potassium.

Crystal Structure Investigation of Ferritic 73Fe24Cr2Si0.8Mn0.1Ni Steel for Multi-purpose Structural Material Applications

Microstructural identification of synthesized steel with significant local content has been carried out. Alloy ingot was prepared using a casting technique. The samples were then formed into bulk steel by a machining process. A high resolution powder neutron diffractometer (HRPD) was used as an equipment for characterization. By applying neutron diffraction techniques, a ferritic steel profile can be resulted in as well as ‘minor peaks’ belong to impurities formed in the sample. These impurities can be identified as small amounts of Al2O3 54SiO2, Al4C3, SiC and Cr23C6. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed and revealed neutron identified phase distributions. Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) least square curves calibration can precisely calculate the dhkl parameters of each reflection plane. As a comparison, another sample of alloy ingot was also investigated using neutron diffraction. The pattern was free from crystal impurities. Rietveld refinements provide satisfactory goodness of fits Rwp = 10.42% and reliability factor S = 1.7. This was so-called a ‘real bulky’ sample of a 73Fe24Cr2Si0.8Mn0.1Ni ferritic steel alloy.

Synergistic Action of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Silver Resistant Estuarine Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain SN5 with Antibiotics against Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Human Pathogens

This study focuses on the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), carried out using the culture supernatant of silver resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SN5 isolated from Mandovi estuarine mangrove water sample. AgNPs were characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which showed high intensity peaks at 28° and 32.5°, characteristic of silver oxide (Ag2O) and confirmed its crystalline nature by referring Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS), File No. 00–076-1393. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the nano sized AgNPS particles in the range of 35 nm – 60 nm. AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against both standard cultures of Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial human pathogens. Moreover, the AgNPs also showed antibacterial activity against ampicillin resistant Staphylococccus aureus strain VN3 and ciprofloxacin resistant Vibrio cholera strain VN1 isolated from Mandovi estuary, Goa India, polluted with human feces, domestic and hotel waste. These AgNPs exhibited better antibacterial activity as compared to AgNPs synthesized from plant extract of Honey suckle mistletoe and star anise. Interestringly, synergistic activity was observed when synthesized AgNPs were used in combination with antibiotics ampicillin and ciprofloxacin against ampicillin resistant Staphylococccus aureus strain VN3 and ciprofloxacin resistant Vibrio cholera strain VN1. Thus these AgNPs can be employed in cosmetics and wound dressings as a nanoweapon to control human bacterial pathogens.

Sonochemical-assisted magnesium borate synthesis from different boron sources

AbstractIn this study, sonochemical-assisted magnesium borate synthesis is studied from different boron sources. Various reaction parameters are successfully applied by a simple and green method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies are used to characterize the synthesized magnesium borates on the other hand surface morphologies are investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD analyses showed that the products were admontite [MgO(B2O3)3· 7(H2O)] with JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards) no. of 01-076-0540 and mcallisterite [Mg2(B6O7(OH)6)2· 9(H2O)] with JCPDS no. of 01-070-1902. The results that found in the spectroscopic studies were in a good agreement with characteristic magnesium borate bands in both regions of infra-red and visible. According to SEM results, obtained borates were in micro and sub-micro scales. By the use of ultrasonication, reaction yields were found between 84.2 and 97.9%. As a result, it is concluded that the sonochemical approach is a practicable synthesis method to get high efficiency and high crystallinity in the synthesis magnesium borate compounds.

Observation of indium ion migration-induced resistive switching in Al/Mg0.5Ca0.5TiO3/ITO

Understanding switching mechanisms is very important for resistive random access memory (RRAM) applications. This letter reports an investigation of Al/Mg0.5Ca0.5TiO3 (MCTO)/ITO RRAM, which exhibits bipolar resistive switching behavior. The filaments that connect Al electrodes with indium tin oxide electrodes across the MCTO layer at a low-resistance state are identified. The filaments composed of In2O3 crystals are observed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nanobeam diffraction, and comparisons of Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) cards. Finally, a switching mechanism resulting from an electrical field induced by In3+ ion migration is proposed. In3+ ion migration forms/ruptures the conductive filaments and sets/resets the RRAM device.